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Buncombe County, North Carolina

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Buncombe County(/ˈbʌŋkəm/BUNK-um)[1][2]is acountylocated in theU.S. stateofNorth Carolina.It is classified withinWestern North Carolina.The2020 censusreported the population was 269,452, making it the7th-most populous county in North Carolina.[3]Itscounty seatisAsheville.[4]Buncombe County is part of the Asheville, NCMetropolitan Statistical Area.

Buncombe County
County
Buncombe County Courthouse in Asheville
Buncombe County Courthousein Asheville
Flag of Buncombe County
Flag
Official seal of Buncombe County
Seal
Official logo of Buncombe County
Logo
Motto:
"People To Match Our Mountains"
Map of North Carolina highlighting Buncombe County
Location within the U.S. state ofNorth Carolina
Map of the United States highlighting North Carolina
North Carolina's location within theU.S.
Coordinates:35°37′N82°32′W/ 35.61°N 82.53°W/35.61; -82.53
CountryUnited States
StateNorth Carolina
Founded1792
Named forEdward Buncombe
SeatAsheville
Largest municipalityAsheville
Area
• Total
659.95 sq mi (1,709.3 km2)
• Land656.50 sq mi (1,700.3 km2)
• Water3.45 sq mi (8.9 km2) 0.52%
Population
(2020)
• Total
269,452
• Estimate
(2023)
275,901
• Density410.37/sq mi (158.44/km2)
Time zoneUTC−5(Eastern)
• Summer (DST)UTC−4(EDT)
Congressional district11th
Websitebuncombecounty.org

History

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The area of modern day Buncombe County and its environs was originally populated by theAnigiduwagi,better known as the Cherokee people.[5]Europeans, primarily of German, Scottish and English descent, began to live in Buncombe in the early 18th century.[6]Some the earliest permanent European settlers in Buncombe arrived in 1784.[7]These European settlers frequently broke their treaties with the Cherokee, gradually forcing them off of their land in Buncombe County by force.[8]

In December 1792 and April 1793,John Dillardwas a commissioner in a local political dispute of determining where the county seat of Buncombe County should be located. It was provided in an act creating Buncombe County for a committee of five persons to be appointed for the selection of the site. A dispute arose between two factions of Buncombe County residents on opposite sides of theSwannanoa River,one faction pressing for the county seat to be north of Swannanoa, which is now the center of Asheville, and the other faction demanding it to be at a place south of Swannanoa River, which later became known as the "Steam Saw Mill Place", and is now the southern part of the city of Asheville.

Buncombe County was organized byEuropean Americansafter theAmerican Revolutionary Warin the home of Colonel William Davidson, a cousin ofWilliam Lee Davidsonwho was elected as the county's firststate senator.[9]The first meeting of the county government took place in April 1792 in Colonel Davidson's barn (located on the present-dayBiltmore Estate).[10]

At first, deeds wererecordedinMorganton,the nearest county seat. That was inconvenient for residents as roads were poor. In December 1792, seven men met to select a courthouse location for the county. The first courthouse was built at the present-day Pack Square site in Asheville.[11]

The county was formed in 1791 from parts ofBurkeandRutherfordcounties. It was named forEdward Buncombe,a colonel in theAmerican Revolutionary Warwho was captured at theBattle of Germantown.[12][13]An earlier proposed name was "Union County".[6]The large county originally extended to the Tennessee line.

Many of the early settlers wereBaptists.In 1807 the pastors of six churches, including the revivalistSion Blythe,formed the French Broad Association of Baptist churches in the area.[14]

As population increased in this part of the state, parts of the county were taken to organize new counties. In 1808 the western part of Buncombe County becameHaywood County.In 1833 parts of Burke and Buncombe counties were combined to formYancey County.In 1838 the southern part of what was left of Buncombe County becameHenderson County.In 1851 parts of Buncombe and Yancey counties were combined to formMadison County.Finally, in 1925 the Broad River township ofMcDowell Countywas transferred to Buncombe County.

In 1820, a U.S. Congressman whose district included Buncombe County, unintentionally contributed a word to the English language. In theSixteenth Congress,after lengthy debate on theMissouri Compromise,members of theHousecalled for an immediate vote on that important question.Felix Walkerrose to address his colleagues, insisting that his constituents expected him to make a speech "for Buncombe." It was later remarked that Walker's untimely and irrelevant oration was not justforBuncombe—it "wasBuncombe. "Buncombe,afterwards spelledbunkumand later shortened tobunk,became a term for empty, nonsensical talk.[15]That, in turn, is theetymologyof the verbdebunk.

Geography

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Interactive map of Buncombe County

According to theU.S. Census Bureau,Buncombe county has a total area of 659.95 square miles (1,709.3 km2), of which 656.50 square miles (1,700.3 km2) is land and 3.45 square miles (8.9 km2) (0.52%) is water.[16]

TheFrench Broad Riverenters the county at its border withHenderson Countyto the south and flows north intoMadison County.The source of theSwannanoa River,which joins the French Broad River in Asheville, is in northeast Buncombe County nearMount Mitchell,a part of theBlack Mountainsrange. Mt. Mitchell is the highest point in the eastern United States at 6,684 ft.[17]Its summit lies in adjacent Yancey County; the highest point in Buncombe County is Potato Knob, at 6400+ feet, which lies a short distance south of Mount Mitchell.

A milestone was achieved in 2003 whenInterstate 26,still called Future I-26 in northern Buncombe County, was extended fromMars Hill(north of Asheville) toJohnson City, Tennessee.This completed a 20-year, half-billion dollar construction project through theBlue Ridge Mountains.

National protected areas

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State and local protected areas/sites

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Major water bodies

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Adjacent counties

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Major highways

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Major infrastructure

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Demographics

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Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
18005,812—
18109,27759.6%
182010,54213.6%
183016,28154.4%
184010,084−38.1%
185013,42533.1%
186012,654−5.7%
187015,41221.8%
188021,90942.2%
189035,26661.0%
190044,28825.6%
191049,79812.4%
192064,14828.8%
193097,93752.7%
1940108,75511.0%
1950124,40314.4%
1960130,0744.6%
1970145,05611.5%
1980160,93410.9%
1990174,8218.6%
2000206,33018.0%
2010238,31815.5%
2020269,45213.1%
2023 (est.)275,901[3]2.4%
U.S. Decennial Census[21]
1790–1960[22]1900–1990[23]
1990–2000[24]2010[25]2020[3]

Since 1970, the county has had a steady rise in population, attracting retirees, second-home buyers and others from outside the region.

2020 census

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Buncombe County racial composition[26]
Race Number Percentage
White(non-Hispanic) 214,862 79.74%
Black or African American(non-Hispanic) 15,017 5.57%
Native American 727 0.27%
Asian 3,274 1.22%
Pacific Islander 467 0.17%
Other/Mixed 13,183 4.89%
HispanicorLatino 21,922 8.14%

As of the2020 census,there were 269,452 people, 106,741 households, and 63,675 families residing in the county. From 2010 to 2020, Buncombe County added 31,104 people or 13.0% population growth,[27]making it the fastest growing county in Western North Carolina during the decade.

2000 census

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At the2000 census,[28]there were 206,330 people, 85,776 households, and 55,668 families residing in the county. Thepopulation densitywas 314 people per square mile (121 people/km2). There were 93,973 housing units at an average density of 143 units per square mile (55 units/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 89.06%White,7.48%BlackorAfrican American,0.39%Native American,0.66%Asian,0.04%Pacific Islander,1.15% fromother races,and 1.23% from two or more races. 2.78% of the population wereHispanicorLatinoof any race.

There were 85,776 households, out of which 27.50% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.50% weremarried couplesliving together, 10.80% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.10% were non-families. Of all households 28.90% were made up of individuals, and 10.60% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 2.86.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 21.90% under the age of 18, 8.60% from 18 to 24, 29.30% from 25 to 44, 24.80% from 45 to 64, and 15.40% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females there were 92.30 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.90 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $36,666, and the median income for a family was $45,011. Males had a median income of $30,705 versus $23,870 for females. Theper capita incomefor the county was $20,384. About 7.80% of families and 11.40% of the population were below thepoverty line,including 15.30% of those under age 18 and 9.80% of those age 65 or over.

Law, government, and politics

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Local government

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Buncombe County is a member of theLand-of-Sky Regional Councilof governments.

Buncombe County has a council/manager form of government. Current commissioners were elected in 2020: Chair Brownie Newman, Al Whitesides, Terri Wells, Jasmine Beach-Ferrara, Amanda Edwards, Parker Sloan andRobert Pressley.[29]The county manager is Avril Pinder.[30]Othe notable commissioners includeJ. E. Rankinwho served as chair for 26 years.

Buncombe County Public Libraries has 11 branch locations, with a central location atPack Memorial Libraryin downtownAsheville.[31]

There are two public school systems within Buncombe County, includingBuncombe County SchoolsandAsheville City Schoolsas well as many private schools and charter schools. There are four colleges in Buncombe County, includingAsheville-Buncombe Technical Community College,University of North Carolina at Asheville,Montreat College,andWarren Wilson College.

Sheriff's Office and policing

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The Buncombe County Sheriff provides court protection and jail administration for the entire county and provides patrol and detective services for the unincorporated areas of the county. The Sheriff's Office is organized into six divisions: Enforcement, Detention, Animal Control, Support Operations, School Resources, Civil Process.[32]The current Sheriff is Quentin Miller who was elected in 2018.[33]Asheville has a municipal police department, with David Zack named as the Chief of Police in 2020.[34]The municipalities of Black Mountain, Biltmore Forest, Montreat, Weaverville, and Woodfin also have municipal police departments, and UNC Asheville and Montreat College havecampus policedepartments. TheNC State Highway PatrolTroop G regional headquarters is located in east Asheville.[35]

State politics

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As of 2023, in theNorth Carolina Senate,Julie Mayfield(D–49th) andWarren Daniel(R–46th) both represent parts of Buncombe County. Mayfield represents most of the county including Asheville and the west side. Daniel represents a portion of the east side of the county as well as McDowell and Burke counties.

In theNorth Carolina House of Representatives,Eric Ager(D–114th),Lindsey Prather(D–115th), andCaleb Rudow(D–116th) each represent part of the county.

Federal politics

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Buncombe had long been abellwethercounty in presidential elections. It voted for the winning candidate in all but one election from 1928 until 2012, with the exception being 1960.

Since 2008, the county has trended strongly toward theDemocratic Party.It swung from a 0.6 point win forGeorge W. Bushto a 14-point win forBarack Obamain 2008, and has gone Democratic by double-digit margins at every election since then. This includes 2016, when it voted forHillary Clinton.WhenDonald Trumpwon the electoral college (and the election) after losing the popular vote, the county lost its bellwether status. In 2024,Kamala Harrisachieved the strongest performance by a Democrat in the county sinceLyndon Johnson's1964landslide. Despite losing North Carolina overall, she pushed the county two points further to the left.

North Carolina is represented in theUnited States Senateby RepublicansTed BuddandThom Tillis,fromAdvanceandHuntersville,respectively. All of the county is located inNorth Carolina's 11th congressional district,which is currently held by RepublicanChuck Edwards.

United States presidential election results for Buncombe County, North Carolina[36]
Year Republican Democratic Third party(ies)
No.  % No.  % No.  %
2024 58,726 36.87% 98,344 61.75% 2,199 1.38%
2020 62,412 38.63% 96,515 59.74% 2,642 1.64%
2016 55,716 40.10% 75,452 54.30% 7,779 5.60%
2012 54,701 42.84% 70,625 55.31% 2,370 1.86%
2008 52,494 42.40% 69,716 56.32% 1,585 1.28%
2004 52,491 49.99% 51,868 49.39% 654 0.62%
2000 46,101 53.93% 38,545 45.09% 830 0.97%
1996 30,518 44.19% 31,658 45.84% 6,891 9.98%
1992 30,892 40.92% 32,955 43.65% 11,645 15.43%
1988 36,828 57.55% 26,964 42.14% 200 0.31%
1984 37,698 61.62% 23,337 38.14% 148 0.24%
1980 26,124 48.80% 24,837 46.40% 2,569 4.80%
1976 22,461 45.49% 26,633 53.94% 285 0.58%
1972 32,091 70.38% 12,626 27.69% 877 1.92%
1968 21,031 44.23% 14,624 30.76% 11,889 25.01%
1964 19,372 37.99% 31,623 62.01% 0 0.00%
1960 28,040 54.61% 23,303 45.39% 0 0.00%
1956 22,655 54.33% 19,044 45.67% 0 0.00%
1952 24,444 52.15% 22,425 47.85% 0 0.00%
1948 11,460 37.15% 17,072 55.34% 2,319 7.52%
1944 9,398 31.04% 20,878 68.96% 0 0.00%
1940 8,723 25.96% 24,878 74.04% 0 0.00%
1936 9,470 28.60% 23,646 71.40% 0 0.00%
1932 8,745 31.97% 18,241 66.69% 367 1.34%
1928 16,590 57.22% 12,405 42.78% 0 0.00%
1924 6,285 37.30% 10,098 59.93% 467 2.77%
1920 8,017 44.09% 10,167 55.91% 0 0.00%
1916 3,830 47.52% 4,229 52.48% 0 0.00%
1912 426 6.53% 3,716 56.92% 2,386 36.55%
1908 3,572 50.03% 3,506 49.10% 62 0.87%
1904 2,591 44.70% 3,181 54.88% 24 0.41%
1900 4,140 52.41% 3,724 47.15% 35 0.44%
1896 4,611 52.80% 4,098 46.93% 24 0.27%
1892 3,125 44.18% 3,588 50.73% 360 5.09%
1888 2,873 48.29% 2,956 49.68% 121 2.03%
1884 2,007 42.87% 2,649 56.58% 26 0.56%
1880 1,591 44.37% 1,995 55.63% 0 0.00%

Economy

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The North Carolina Department of Commerce reported that in September 2024 Buncombe County had the lowest unemployment rate of all of North Carolina's counties at a rate of 2.5 percent. In the aftermath of Hurricane Helene's impacts on the region, in October the department reported that Buncombe had the highest rate of unemployment in the state at 8.8 percent.[37]

Communities

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Map of Buncombe County with municipal and township labels

City

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  • Asheville(county seat and largest municipality)

Towns

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Townships

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Census-designated places

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Unincorporated communities

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See also

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References

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  1. ^"NC Pronunciation Guide".WRAL.RetrievedAugust 16,2023.
  2. ^Talk Like a TarheelArchivedJune 22, 2013, at theWayback Machine,from the North Carolina Collection website at theUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.Retrieved August 16, 2023.
  3. ^abc"QuickFacts: Buncombe County, North Carolina".United States Census Bureau.RetrievedMarch 21,2024.
  4. ^"Find a County".National Association of Counties. Archived fromthe originalon May 31, 2011.RetrievedJune 7,2011.
  5. ^"As Long As the Grass Shall Grow: Cherokee Land Acknowledgement Website".Buncombe County Center.RetrievedApril 17,2024.
  6. ^abMartin, Jonathan."Buncombe County (1791)".North Carolina History Project.John Locke Foundation.RetrievedApril 17,2024.
  7. ^Holland, Ron (1995)."Settlement of the Mountains, 1775-1838".NCpedia.Tar Heel Junior Historian Association.RetrievedApril 17,2024.
  8. ^Lacey, Derek."Tough story to tell: Chronicles of Cherokee land cessions, broken treaties in Buncombe County".The Asheville Citizen Times.RetrievedApril 17,2024.
  9. ^"William Davidson Confusion Continues".November 17, 2014.RetrievedNovember 8,2018.
  10. ^Neufeld, Rob (August 18, 2019)."Visiting Our Past: Roads, orphans, speculation and missing ears occupied first settlers".Asheville Citizen-Times.RetrievedAugust 18,2019.
  11. ^Neufeld, Rob (August 11, 2019)."Visiting Our Past: Alcohol drinking helped Asheville planners in 1792".Asheville Citizen-Times.RetrievedAugust 11,2019.
  12. ^J.D. Lewis.NC Patriots 1775–1783: Their Own Words, Volume 1.JD Lewis. pp. 54–.ISBN978-1-4675-4808-3.
  13. ^Best Books on (1939).North Carolina, a Guide to the Old North State.Best Books on. pp. 496–.ISBN978-1-62376-032-8.
  14. ^David Benedict (1813)."NORTH-CAROLINA".A GENERAL HISTORY OF THE BAPTIST DENOMINATION IN AMERICA, AND OTHER PARTS OF THE WORLD.Lincoln & Edmands.RetrievedAugust 29,2010.
  15. ^debunk – The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition. 2000ArchivedApril 6, 2008, at theWayback Machine,Houghton Mifflin,Boston,accessed January 11, 2009
  16. ^"2020 County Gazetteer Files – North Carolina".United States Census Bureau. August 23, 2022.RetrievedSeptember 9,2023.
  17. ^http://www.ncparks.gov› mount-mitchell-state-park
  18. ^ab"Asheville Watershed".www.nps.gov.September 30, 2020.RetrievedAugust 21,2023.
  19. ^ab"NCWRC Game Lands".www.ncpaws.org.RetrievedMarch 30,2023.
  20. ^"Lake Julian Park: Picnicking, Canoeing, Family Fun, Boat Rentals, Boat Storage, Walking Trails, Festival of Lights - Buncombe County Recreation Services | Asheville".www.buncombecounty.org.RetrievedDecember 20,2021.
  21. ^"U.S. Decennial Census".United States Census Bureau.RetrievedJanuary 12,2015.
  22. ^"Historical Census Browser".University of Virginia Library.RetrievedJanuary 12,2015.
  23. ^Forstall, Richard L., ed. (March 27, 1995)."Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990".United States Census Bureau.RetrievedJanuary 12,2015.
  24. ^"Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000"(PDF).United States Census Bureau. April 2, 2001.Archived(PDF)from the original on March 27, 2010.RetrievedJanuary 12,2015.
  25. ^"State & County QuickFacts".United States Census Bureau. Archived fromthe originalon July 13, 2011.RetrievedOctober 17,2013.
  26. ^"Explore Census Data".data.census.gov.RetrievedDecember 19,2021.
  27. ^Burgess, Joel (August 16, 2021)."Census: Asheville grows; its Black population shrinks".Asheville Citizen-Times.
  28. ^"U.S. Census website".United States Census Bureau.RetrievedJanuary 31,2008.
  29. ^"County Commissioners".Buncombe County Government.RetrievedFebruary 14,2021.
  30. ^"county-organizational-updates-July22"(PDF).www.buncombecounty.org.August 30, 2022.Archived(PDF)from the original on January 30, 2019.RetrievedAugust 30,2022.
  31. ^"Libraries - Branch Locations".www.buncombecounty.org.RetrievedNovember 25,2019.
  32. ^Sheriff's Office - Buncombe County | Asheville
  33. ^DeGrave, Sam."Miller makes history with resounding victory in sheriff election".The Asheville Citizen Times.RetrievedAugust 31,2022.
  34. ^avladmin."Police".The City of Asheville.RetrievedAugust 31,2022.
  35. ^"Police Departments - Buncombe County, NC (Arrest Records & Police Logs)".www.countyoffice.org.RetrievedAugust 21,2023.
  36. ^Leip, David."Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections".uselectionatlas.org.RetrievedMarch 14,2018.
  37. ^"Helene impact: Buncombe County drops from lowest unemployment rate in NC to highest".WRAL-TV.Capitol Broadcasting Company. November 27, 2024.RetrievedNovember 27,2024.
  38. ^"Buncombe County Townships"(PDF).www.buncombecounty.org.August 6, 2014.RetrievedMay 5,2024.

Further reading

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  • "Buncombe County",Branson's North Carolina Business Directory...1867-68,Raleigh, NC: Branson & Jones, p. 17 – viahathitrust.org
  • "Buncombe County",Branson's North Carolina Business Directory, 1896,Raleigh, NC: Levi Branson, p. 117 – viaarchive.org
  • "Buncombe County",North Carolina Year Book and Business Directory, 1916,Raleigh, N.C.: News and Observer Publishing Company – via hathitrust.org
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