CORA dataset

CORA(standing for Coriolis Ocean database ReAnalysis) is a global oceanographic temperature and salinity dataset produced and maintained by the French instituteIFREMER.Most of those data are real-time data coming from different types of platforms such asresearch vessels,profilers,underwater gliders,drifting buoys,moored buoys,sea mammalsand ships of opportunity.

Description

Thisin-situdataset produced by the French instituteIfremerin the framework of the European projectMyOceanand French project CORIOLIS is a picture of the content of theoperational oceanographicdatabaseCORIOLIS.This database is the main tool ofCoriolis projectwhich is aglobal data assembly centerof in situ data: such asUS-GODAEcentre ofMontereyinCalifornia. The latest version of CORA product is v5.0, it covers the years 1950 up to 2015 and has been released in April 2017. Observations are profiles distributed on measured levels (pressure or depth) and organized by dates of measurement and type of platform. Main users of CORA dataset are ocean modelers who needs to constraint and initialize their model. CORA^[1]is free of access and can be download via CORIOLIS website^[2]innetCDFfile format. The main different of CORA dataset with other available datasets is that CORA provides data at depth levels where measurements were made rather than at standard levels such as inWorld Ocean AtlasorENACT3.In addition data in CORA are retrieved from Coriolis database where each profile is visually checked by specialist operators if suspicious.

Validation procedure

Validation in database

duplicate observation check
automatic checks (spikes, climatology, monotonic depth, valid date/position,...)
objective analysis (ISAS software with 21 days, 300 km covariance ray): suspicious observations are visualized by an operator

Validation post extraction

second duplicate observation check (detection and choice parameters tuned)
refined climatological test
XBTdepth correction^[3]
second objective analysis with tuned parameters: anomalies are visualized
ARGOspecial diagnostics

Data sources

The CORA dataset is designed for operational oceanography, so most global real time monitoring networks are plugged into this database. The data sources are the following:

ARGO(autonomous drifting profilers)
The global network of moored buoys comprising theTAO/TRITON,^[4]PIRATAandRAMAarrays
EGO(underwater gliders)
GTSPP(channel of real-time data distribution maintained by the US instituteNOAA)
GOSUD^[5]thermosalinographdata coming from opportunity ships
GTS(BATHY,TESSAC,drifting buoys messages) channel of low resolution data distribution
Sea mammals equipped with sensors (sealsandsea elephants)
other datasets integrated in delayed-time (CTD,XBT,oceanographic cruises,...)

Versions

official versions of CORA product
	Date of release	Time span	Comments
CORA1.0	2007	2002-2006	Beta version of the dataset, full years extracted
CORA2.2	2009	1990-2008	Add of validation procedures (climatological checks) and gridding of the data
CORA3.1	2010	1990-2009	Full years updated + 2009 added
CORA3.2	2011	1990-2010	Add of validation procedures (duplicate check, XBT depth correction) integration of sea mammals data, automatisation of the update procedure
CORA3.3	2012	1990-2011	Article^[6]submitted toOcean Sciencereview, add of year 2011, completion of anomalies feedback fromobjective analysistowards CORA dataset andCoriolisdatabase.
CORA3.4	2013	1990-2011	New ICES CTD data added
CORA4.0	2014	1990-2012	Update of profiles and addition of Time series from drifters, ferrybox, profilers.
CORA4.1	2015	1950-1989 (Extraction from EN4), 1990-2013	Addition of TSG data, delayed mode sea mammals and surface drifters + Integration of XBT and CTD from EN4
CORA4.2	2016	1950-1989 (Extraction from EN4), 1990-2014	Inclusion of 2,4 million profiles from the SHOM (Service Hydrographique de la Marine), mostly of XBTs CTDs and MBTs from 1950 to 2009
CORA5.0	2017	1950-2015

References

^http://www.coriolis.eu.org/content/download/10987/73170/file/CORA3_UserManual.pdf^{[bare URL PDF]}
^"Data and Products - Coriolis: In situ data for operational oceanography".Archived fromthe originalon 2012-10-05.Retrieved2012-09-26.official website of CORIOLIS project
^Hamon, M.; Reverdin, G.; Le Traon, P.-Y. (2012)."Empirical Correction of XBT Data".Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology.29(7): 960–973.Bibcode:2012JAtOT..29..960H.doi:10.1175/JTECH-D-11-00129.1.
^"Global Tropical Moored Buoy Array".
^http://www.gosud.org/GOSUD Website>
^Cabanes, C.; Grouazel, A.; von Schuckmann, K.; Hamon, M.; Turpin, V.; Coatanoan, C.; Paris, F.; Guinehut, S.; Boone, C.; Ferry, N.; De Boyer Montégut, C.; Carval, T.; Reverdin, G.; Pouliquen, S.; Le Traon, P.-Y. (2013)."The CORA dataset: validation and diagnostics of in-situ ocean temperature and salinity measurements".Ocean Science.9(1): 1–18.Bibcode:2013OcSci...9....1C.doi:10.5194/os-9-1-2013.

External links

[1] ttp://www.coriolis.eu.org/content/download/10987/73170/file/CORA3_UserManual.pdf^{[bare URL PDF]}

[2] "Data and Products - Coriolis: In situ data for operational oceanography".Archived fromthe originalon 2012-10-05.Retrieved2012-09-26.official website of CORIOLIS project

[3] Hamon, M.; Reverdin, G.; Le Traon, P.-Y. (2012)."Empirical Correction of XBT Data".Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology.29(7): 960–973.Bibcode:2012JAtOT..29..960H.doi:10.1175/JTECH-D-11-00129.1.

[4] "Global Tropical Moored Buoy Array".

[5] ttp://www.gosud.org/GOSUD Website>

[6] Cabanes, C.; Grouazel, A.; von Schuckmann, K.; Hamon, M.; Turpin, V.; Coatanoan, C.; Paris, F.; Guinehut, S.; Boone, C.; Ferry, N.; De Boyer Montégut, C.; Carval, T.; Reverdin, G.; Pouliquen, S.; Le Traon, P.-Y. (2013)."The CORA dataset: validation and diagnostics of in-situ ocean temperature and salinity measurements".Ocean Science.9(1): 1–18.Bibcode:2013OcSci...9....1C.doi:10.5194/os-9-1-2013.

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