Wikipedia

Carl XVI Gustaf

For other Swedish royalty named Carl, seeCarl of Sweden (disambiguation).

Carl XVI Gustaf(Carl Gustaf Folke Hubertus; born 30 April 1946) isKing of Sweden.

Carl XVI Gustaf
Carl XVI Gustaf in 2018
King of Sweden
Reign15 September 1973 – present
Enthronement19 September 1973
PredecessorGustaf VI Adolf
Heir apparentVictoria
Prime ministers
See list
Born(1946-04-30)30 April 1946(age 78)
Haga Palace,Solna,Sweden
Spouse
​
(m.1976)​
Issue
Detail
Names
Carl Gustaf Folke Hubertus
HouseBernadotte
FatherPrince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten
MotherPrincess Sibylla of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
ReligionChurch of Sweden
SignatureCarl XVI Gustaf's signature

Carl Gustaf was born during the reign of his paternal great-grandfather,King Gustaf V.He is the youngest child and only son ofPrince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten,andPrincess Sibylla of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.His father died in January 1947in an airplane crashin Denmark when Carl Gustaf was nine months old. Carl Gustaf became crown prince andheir apparentto the Swedish throne at the age of four when his grandfatherGustaf VI Adolfacceded to the throne in 1950.

Carl Gustaf acceded to the throne upon his grandfather's death on 15 September 1973. Shortly after he became king, the new1974 Instrument of Governmenttook effect, formally stripping the monarchy of its remaining executive powers. As a result, Carl Gustaf no longer performs many of the duties normally accorded to ahead of statein parliamentary regimes, such as the formal appointment of the prime minister, signing legislation into law, and beingcommander-in-chiefof the nation's military. The new instrument explicitly limited the king to ceremonial and representative functions, while he retained the right to be regularly informed of affairs of state. As head of theHouse of Bernadotte,Carl Gustaf has also been able to make a number of decisions about the titles and positions of its members.

In June 1976,Carl Gustaf marriedSilvia Sommerlath.They have three children:Victoria,Carl Philip,andMadeleine.The King'sheir apparent,after passage on 1 January 1980 of a new law establishingabsolute primogeniture,[1]is his eldest child, Crown Princess Victoria. Before the passage of that law, Victoria's younger brother, Carl Philip, was briefly the heir apparent, as of his birth in May 1979. Carl XVI Gustaf is the longest-reigning monarch in Swedish history, having surpassedKing Magnus IV's reign of 44 years and 222 days on 26 April 2018.[2]

Early life

edit

Carl Gustaf was born on 30 April 1946 at 10:20[3]inHaga PalaceinSolna,Stockholm County.He was the youngest of five children and the only son of Sweden's Prince Gustaf Adolf and Princess Sibylla. He was christened at theRoyal Chapelon 7 June 1946 by theArchbishop of Uppsala,Erling Eidem.[4]

Carl Gustaf was baptised inCharles XI's baptismal font, which stood onGustav III's carpet; he lay in Charles XI's cradle withOscar II's crown beside him.[5]The same christening gown in white linenbatistewhich the prince carried had been worn by his father in 1906 and would later be worn by his three children.[6]His godparents were theCrown PrinceandCrown Princess of Denmark(his paternal uncle and aunt), theCrown Prince of Norway,Princess Juliana of the Netherlands,theKing of Sweden(his paternal great-grandfather), theHereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha(his maternal uncle), theCrown PrinceandCrown Princess of Sweden(his paternal grandfather and step-grandmother), andCount Folkeand Countess Maria Bernadotte ofWisborg.[7]

Prince Carl Gustaf was also given the title of the Duke ofJämtland.His father,Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten,was killed in anairplane crashon 26 January 1947 atCopenhagen Airport.His father's death had left the nine-month-old prince second in line for the throne, behind his grandfather, then Crown Prince Gustaf Adolf. When his paternal great-grandfather,Gustaf Vdied in 1950, the four-year-old prince became theheir apparentof Sweden.[7]

Carl Gustaf was seven years old before he was told about his father's death. He expressed his feelings about growing up without knowing his father in a speech in 2005.[8]

Youth and education

edit
The 15-year-old Crown Prince of Sweden looks at the recently recovered 17th-century warshipVasain 1961.

Carl Gustaf's earliest education was received privately at theRoyal Palace.He was then sent to Broms school, and then on toSigtuna boarding school.After graduating fromhigh schoolin 1966, Carl Gustaf completed two-and-a-half years of education in theSwedish Army,theRoyal Swedish Navy,and theSwedish Air Force.During the winter 1966–1967, he took part in a round-the-world voyage with themine-laying vesselÄlvsnabben.The Crown Prince received his commission as an officer in all three services in 1968, eventually rising to the rank ofcaptain(in the army and air force) andlieutenant(in the navy), before his accession to the throne. He also completed his academic studies inhistory,sociology,political science,tax law,andeconomicsatUppsala Universityand later economics atStockholm University.[9]

To prepare for his role as thehead of state,Crown Prince Carl Gustaf followed a broad program of studies on the court system, social organisations and institutions,trade unions,and employers' associations. In addition, he closely studied the affairs of theRiksdag,Government, andMinistry for Foreign Affairs.The Crown Prince also spent time at the Swedish Mission to theUnited Nationsand theSwedish International Development Cooperation Agency(SIDA), worked at a bank in London and at the Swedish Embassy there, at the Swedish Chamber of Commerce in France, and at theAlfa LavalCompany factory in France. In 1970, he represented the King at the head of the Swedish delegation to theWorld ExpositioninOsaka,Japan. Since his youth the present monarch has been a strong supporter of theScout Movementin Sweden.[10]

Carl Gustaf hasdyslexia,as do his daughter Crown Princess Victoria and his son Prince Carl Philip.[11][12]

Reign

edit
King Carl Gustaf and Swedish Senator R. S. Stefanson atStockholm City Hallin 1975

On 15 September 1973, Carl Gustaf became King of Sweden upon the death of his grandfather, Gustaf VI Adolf. On 19 September, he took the required regal assurance (Swedish:Konungaförsäkran) during an extraordinary meeting of the cabinet. Afterwards, he appeared before the parliament, diplomatic corps, court, etc. in the Hall of State at the Royal Palace where he was enthroned onthe Silver Throneand gave a speech. Both the cabinet meeting and ceremony at the Hall were broadcast live on television. Following the ceremonies, he appeared on the balcony to acknowledge gathered crowds. At the cabinet meeting, the King declared that his regnal name would be Carl XVI Gustaf, King of Sweden. He adopted "For Sweden – With the times" as his personal motto[13](För Sverige – i tiden).[14][15]

The Royal Family at the Royal Palace in Stockholm on the king's 66th birthday on 30 April 2012.

He is the foremost representative of Sweden and paysstate visits abroadandreceivesthose to Sweden, heopens the annual sessionof theRiksdag,chairs theSpecial Council held during a change of Government(Swedish:skifteskonselj), holds regular Information Councils with the Prime Minister and the Cabinet (Swedish:informationskonselj), chairs the meetings of theAdvisory Council on Foreign Affairs(Swedish:Utrikesnämnden), and receivesLetters of Credenceof foreign ambassadors to Sweden and signs those of Sweden to foreign nations. As a figurehead, he also voluntarily abstains from voting in Swedish elections.[16]

King Carl Gustaf holds the highest ranks in the three branches of theSwedish Armed Forces;this is due to the fact that he was, as stipulated by § 14 of the1809 Instrument of Governmentin effect at the time of his accession to the throne in 1973, theCommander-in-Chief(Swedish:Högste Befälhavare;not to be confused with the military professional holding the position ofSupreme Commander) and therefore he was promotedex officiofrom his earlier ranks of captain (Army & Air Force) and lieutenant (Navy), togeneralandadmiral.Under the provisions of theInstrument of Government of 1974,which became effective on 1 January 1975, the King no longer holds this constitutionally-mandated position, but he kept his ranksà la suitesince he no longer has any military command authority, except overHis Majesty's Military Staff.

Worldwide, Carl XVI Gustaf is probably best known as the presenter of theNobel Prizeseach year; the firstNobel laureatewho received the prize from his hands wasLeo Esaki.[17]He also hands over thePolar Music Prize.The King holdshonorarydoctoral degrees from theSwedish University of Agricultural Sciences,KTH Royal Institute of Technology,theStockholm School of Economicsand from theÅbo Akademi Universityin Finland.

Carl Gustaf has made a number of controversial statements considered political. In his critique of Norwegian Prime MinisterGro Harlem Brundtlandand her Norwegianseal huntpolicy, he questioned whether someone who could not take care of the seal problem really could take care of the Norwegian people.[18]In 2004, after a state visit toBrunei,he praised SultanHassanal Bolkiahand called Brunei a really open country, despite Brunei's controversial human rights history. In 2023 Carl Gustaf said that while he understands that Brunei has a non-democratic form of government it is still an open country.[19][20]Both statements made public support for the monarchy reach the lowest numbers in many years. Public trust increased, however, after the2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunamiwhere many Swedes died. The Swedish prime ministerGöran Perssonthen failed to carry out his constitutional obligation to inform the king on matters of state which resulted in criticism of the government. During a memorial ceremony held atStockholm City Hallon 10 January 2005 the king gave a highly praised speech which restored support of the monarchy.[21][22]

Carl Gustaf has claimed to have played an important part in solving a diplomatic crisis with Saudi Arabia in 2015. This crisis began when Foreign MinisterMargot Wallströmcriticized Saudi Arabia's form of government and human-rights situation. As a response the Saudi Arabian Ambassador to Sweden was recalled and a military co-operation agreement between the two nations was ended. TheSwedish governmentthen reportedly asked for the king's help in solving the crisis. He then wrote a letter to theSaudi Arabian kingand shortly thereafter diplomatic relations went back to normal.[23]Carl Gustaf's role in solving the crisis, and his statement regarding said role during which he claimed to have "good relations" with the Saudi King have both received criticism.[24][25]

TheKing's Golden Jubileewas celebrated in 2023. The celebrations included tours of all of Sweden's 21 counties, a jubilee banquet at the Royal Palace and a carriage procession through the streets of Stockholm. Leading up to that year and including it, beginning already in 2018, some of the most serious criticism ever published took place about Carl Gustaf and the way his monarchy has developed.[26][27][28][29]Support for the monarchy overall remained strong in the Swedish public, however, in large part due to the popularity ofCrown Princess Victoria.[30]

Personal interests and views

edit
Royal monogram

The king is passionate about the environment, technology, agriculture, trade, and industry. Like many members of the Swedish royal family, he has a keen interest in automobiles. He owns severalPorsche 911s,a car model which is said to be a particular favourite of his, as well as a vintageVolvo PV444,aFerrari 456M GT, anAC Cobraand other cars.[31]The first pictures taken of him and his future wife were of them sitting in his Porsche 911. In the summer of 2005 he was involved in a traffic accident inNorrköping.The accident was described as a "fender bender", with no serious personal injuries claimed. Nevertheless, the incident caused national headlines.[32]The king and queen of Sweden frequently travel to the Summer and WinterOlympic Games,including in 2014, 2016, 2018 and 2024.[33][34][35]

In 2016 the king intervened in the raging debate surrounding the proposed Nobel Center atBlasieholmenin central Stockholm, near theNationalmuseumand old town, by stating that he thought the proposed structure was “too big and in the wrong place” and that it “could be relocated”.[36]Following the 2018 election the City of Stockholm abandoned the original proposal opting instead for creating new plans nearSlussen.[37][38]

In December 2020, the king said Sweden's approach to dealing with COVID-19 had failed. Prime MinisterStefan Löfvensaid that "the fact that so many have died can't be considered as anything other than a failure".[39]

Before the 2023 Nobel Prize Ceremony theNobel Foundationannounced that they intended to invite ambassadors fromRussia,BelarusandIranto attend the event. This sparked mass criticism and the royal court issued a statement saying the king was still deciding on whether or not to attend the ceremony, as has been tradition since it was first held. Many leaders of political parties also threatened to boycott the ceremony.[40][41]Eventually the Foundation backed down on its decision.[42]

Scouting

edit

The King is the honorary chairman of theWorld Scout Foundation,and often participates inScoutactivities bothin Swedenand abroad. He regularly visitsWorld Scout Jamborees,for instance the 1979Dalajamb World Jamboree International Encampmenthosted by Sweden, the 2002 World Jamboree held inSattahip, Thailand,and the 100th Anniversary of World Scouting 2007 World Jamboree heldin Hylands Park, England.[43]He also attended the1981 National Scout JamboreeinVirginia,United States, and was awarded theBronze Wolf,the only distinction of theWorld Organization of the Scout Movement,awarded by the World Scout Committee for exceptional services to world Scouting, in 1982. He also attended the22nd World Scout Jamboree.He gave a speech on 6 August 2011 at the closing ceremony with more than 40,000 people watching. The bandEuropealso performed for him singing "The Final Countdown". King Carl Gustaf made an appearance at the 2013 Boy Scouts of America National Jamboree in West Virginia.[44]

Use of remaining power

edit
A new Swedish double duchy was created forPrincess Madeleine(left) in 1982, whereas her husband in 2013 declined to become a Swedish citizen, prince, and duke, and is calledHerrChristopher O'Neillin Sweden

So empowered as head of theHouse of Bernadotte,[45]King Carl Gustaf since he was enthroned in 1973 has made a number of personal decisions regarding the titles and positions of relatives and family members, including the demotion of a sister, elevation of severalcommonersto royalty, rebuff of an elderly uncle's wishes and the creation of new Swedish titles and duchies.

  • 1974: his sisterChristinamarried a non-royal Swedish man and Carl Gustaf followed the example which his grandfather and predecessor had set for two of Christina's older sisters with like marriages, so Christina was removed from theRoyal House,no longer aRoyal Highnessand was given the courtesy titlePrincess Christina, Mrs. Magnuson(a special non-royal, non-noble style first invented in 1953 byKing Haakon VII of Norwayfor his granddaughterRagnhild).
  • 1976: his own choice, taking advantage of his constitutional prerogative as king when he married a non-royal German-Brazilian woman, saw her createdHer Majesty Queen Silvia of Sweden.
  • 1976: his paternal uncleBertil(later that year) married the non-royal British woman who had lived with Bertil for decades, and (with Bertil's titles) Carl Gustaf created her aRoyal HighnessPrincess of Sweden and Duchess of Halland.
  • 1977: his daughterVictoriawas born, and in 1980, Carl Gustaf created her Duchess of Västergötland (which has had duchesses before).
  • 1979: his sonCarl Philipwas born, and Carl Gustaf created him Duke of Värmland (which has had dukes before).
  • 1982: his daughterMadeleinewas born, and Carl Gustaf created a new duchy for her as Duchess of Hälsingland and Gästrikland.
  • 1983: his paternal uncleSigvard,since 1934 no longer Prince of Sweden because of a non-royal marriage to a German woman, supported by legal experts[46]announced his own title asPrince Sigvard Bernadotte,18 years later clearly citing a great-unclePrince Oscar Bernadotte's title as his main precedent;[47]however, Sigvard died in 2002 with Carl Gustaf never having responded to his uncle's statement, and with theRoyal Court of Swedenconsistently refusing to honor it.
  • 2003: his paternal grandfather's first cousinCarldied, and Carl Gustaf formally recognized his Belgian title by allowingPrinceCarl Bernadotteon the gravestone at theRoyal Cemeterywhich is owned by the king; in 2014 he did the same there, allowing Carl's widow's name asPrincessKristineBernadottewhen she died.
  • 2010: his daughter Victoria married a non-royal Swede whom Carl Gustaf created aRoyal HighnessPrince of Sweden and (with her title) Duke of Västergötland.
  • 2012: his granddaughterEstellewas born and created Duchess of Östergötland (which has had duchesses before).
  • 2013: his daughter Madeleine married a non-royal British American who declined Swedish citizenship, and Carl Gustaf gave him the special courtesy title ofHerr(with a capital h).
  • 2014: his granddaughter Leonore was born and created Duchess of Gotland (which also previously has been a duchy).
  • 2015: his son Carl Philip married a non-royal Swede whom Carl Gustaf created aRoyal HighnessPrincess of Sweden and (with the son's title) Duchess of Värmland.
  • 2015: his grandson Nicolas was born, and Carl Gustaf created a new duchy for him as Duke of Ångermanland.
  • 2016: his grandsonOscarwas born and created Duke of Scania (which has had dukes before).
  • 2016: his grandson Alexander was born (later that year) and created Duke of Södermanland (which has had dukes before).
  • 2017: his grandson Gabriel was born and created Duke of Dalarna (which has had dukes before).
  • 2018: his granddaughter Adrienne was born, and Carl Gustaf created a new duchy for her as Duchess of Blekinge.
  • 2019: Carl Gustaf issued a statement rescinding theroyal statusof his grandchildren Leonore, Nicolas, Alexander, Gabriel and Adrienne in an effort to more strictly associate Swedish royalty to the office of the head of state; the five are still to be styled as princes/princesses and dukes/duchesses of their provinces, and they remain in the line of succession to the throne.[48][49][50]
  • 2021: his grandson Julian was born and created Duke of Halland (which has had dukes before) with the same standing of 2019 as his brothers.

Marriage and family

edit
Main article:Wedding of Carl XVI Gustaf and Silvia Sommerlath
King Carl XVI Gustaf with Queen Silvia at the royal wedding of their daughter Victoria

The King marriedSilvia Sommerlath,whose father was German and whose mother was Brazilian, and who had grown up in both countries. They met at the1972 Summer Olympicsin Munich, where she was an interpreter and host. The wedding was held on 19 June 1976 atStockholm Cathedral,the ceremony performed by theArchbishop of Uppsala,Olof Sundby.[51]The wedding was preceded the previous evening by a Royal Variety Performance, at which, among other performances, the Swedish musical groupABBAgave one of the first performances of "Dancing Queen",as a tribute to Sweden's future queen.[52]The King and his family moved toDrottningholm Palacewest of Stockholm in 1980. He and the Queen have maintained their business offices at the Royal Palace of Stockholm.

King Carl Gustaf and Queen Silvia have three children and eight grandchildren:

Prince Carl Philip was born theheir apparent.However, a constitutional reform, which was already under way at the time of his birth, made his elder sister, Victoria, the heir apparent and Crown Princess of Sweden on 1 January 1980, according to the principles ofabsolute primogeniture,which Sweden was the first recognised monarchy to adopt.[53]King Carl Gustaf objected after the reform, not to the succession by females but to the fact that his son lost the position and title which he had had since birth.[54]

Health

edit

In February 2023, Carl Gustaf underwent "a surgical intervention withcathetertechnology in the heart area. "[55]

Titles, styles, honours and arms

edit
Main article:Style of the Swedish sovereign

Gustaf VI Adolf was the last king to use the style "by the Grace of God,of theSwedes,GothsandWendsKing "(Swedish:med Guds Nåde Sveriges, Götes och Wendes Konung;Latin:Dei Gratia Suecorum, Gothorum et Vandalorum Rex). This title had been in use since its adoption byGustav Iin 1523.[56]Carl XVI Gustaf instead chose the simpler "King of Sweden" (Sveriges Konung), thereby ending a centuries-old tradition.[57][full citation needed]

Regnal name

edit

There have not been sixteen kings of Sweden named Carl/Charles. The numeral stems from anerroneous genealogy that includes fictitious kings,created by 16th-century writerJohannes Magnus.[58]

Arms

edit

On his creation as Duke of Jämtland, Carl XVI Gustaf was granted an achievement of arms which featured the arms of Jämtland in base (these arms can be seen on hisstallplateas knight of the DanishOrder of the ElephantatFrederiksborg Palace). Since his accession to the throne, he has used thegreater coat of arms of Swedenalthough he is still associated with the ducal title of Jämtland he held as a prince.

Arms of Carl Gustaf as Duke ofJämtlandfrom 1950 to his accession
Arms of Carl XVI Gustaf used since his accession to the throne.

Distinctions

edit
See also:List of honours of the Swedish Royal Family by country

National

edit

Foreign

edit

Awards

edit

Foreign

edit

Honorary military positions

edit

Patronages

edit

Ancestry

edit

Notes

edit
  1. ^ArticleArchived26 June 2019 at theWayback Machineby theSwedish Institute15 June 2018
  2. ^"King Carl XVI Gustaf now Sweden's longest-reigning monarch".The Local Sweden.26 April 2018.Archivedfrom the original on 23 June 2018.Retrieved29 May2018.
  3. ^Rudberg, Erik, ed. (1947).Svenska dagbladets årsbok 1946(in Swedish). Stockholm:Svenska Dagbladet.p. 43.SELIBR283647.
  4. ^Lundgren, R.; Larsson, A.; Jaeger, A.; Engman, A.; Malmberg, A.; Fotoreportage, S.; Bild, A. (2017).Sibylla: En biografi(in Swedish). Albert Bonniers Förlag. p. 22-IA52.ISBN978-91-0-017023-3.Archivedfrom the original on 17 April 2023.Retrieved17 June2020.
  5. ^Schiller, Harald (1970). Olsson, Nils (ed.).Händelser man minns: en krönika i ord och bild 1920–1969(in Swedish). Stockholm: Samverkande bokförlags försäljningsorganisation. p. 1946/5.SELIBR569745.
  6. ^Anno. [19]82(in Swedish). Malmö: Corona. 1983. p. 39.ISBN91-85556-16-5.SELIBR3759331.
  7. ^ab"Kungens liv i 60 år"[King's life for 60 years] (in Swedish).Royal Court of Sweden.Archived fromthe originalon 10 August 2017.Retrieved9 July2020.
  8. ^Orange, Richard (29 October 2011)."King Carl XVI Gustaf: profile".Daily Telegraph.ISSN0307-1235.Archived fromthe originalon 30 October 2011.Retrieved22 May2020.
  9. ^"Biography – Sveriges Kungahus".www.kungahuset.se.Archived fromthe originalon 6 May 2021.Retrieved15 December2018.
  10. ^"10 facts about King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden".HOLA.30 April 2014.Archivedfrom the original on 2 April 2019.Retrieved10 June2019.
  11. ^"Toinis metod hjälpte Carl Philip".Expressen(in Swedish). 18 September 1997. p. 109.En dyslektiker kan lära sig att läsa och skriva efter bara 50 timmars träning. Det säger nu Toini Prim, en av Sveriges ledande dyslexiexperter. Prim har tidigare bland annat hjälpt till att behandla prins Carl Philip.
  12. ^"Med Drottningholmsom lekplats".Dagens Nyhetersbilaga(in Swedish). 16 May 2010. p. 25.'Rätt snart upptäcktes att Victoria hade ärvt faderns dyslexi och hon kämpade hårt för att hålla jämna steg med klasskamraterna.
  13. ^"The Royal Family: H.M. King Carl XVI Gustaf".Royal Court of Sweden. Archived fromthe originalon 21 October 2007.Retrieved16 August2012.
  14. ^"Kungafamiljen: H.M. Konung Carl XVI Gustaf"[Kungafamiljen: H.M. Konung Carl XVI Gustaf] (in Swedish). Royal Court of Sweden.Archivedfrom the original on 7 June 2011.Retrieved19 August2012.
  15. ^Altman, Lawrence K. (20 September 1973)."New King Begins Reign in Sweden".The New York Times.Archivedfrom the original on 24 October 2018.Retrieved29 May2018.
  16. ^"Monarkens uppgifter"[Duties of the monarch] (in Swedish). Royal Court of Sweden. Archived fromthe originalon 13 May 2006.Retrieved19 August2012.
  17. ^Giang kỳ linh ô nại 『 hạn giới への thiêu chiến ― tư の lí lịch thư 』 ( nhật bổn kinh tế tân văn xuất bản xã ) 2007 niên
  18. ^”Uttalande om norsk säljakt upprör”Archived2013-10-04 at theWayback MachineSVT:s öppna arkiv
  19. ^"Kungen får skarp kritik för uttalanden om Brunei".Sveriges Radio.9 February 2004.
  20. ^Wikén, Erik (3 January 2023)."Kungen står fast vid Bruneiuttalande:" Blev ett totalt missförstånd "".SVT Nyheter.
  21. ^Tanaka/Tt, Sofia (22 December 2014)."Kungen minns sorgen efter tsunamin".Sveriges Radio.
  22. ^"Kungen för sent informerad om katastrofen".Sveriges Radio.10 January 2005.
  23. ^url=https://svenska.yle.fi/a/7-1067236
  24. ^url=https://www.svd.se/a/ng135/kungen-kritiseras-markligt-uttalande-om-saudi
  25. ^url=https://sverigesradio.se/artikel/6544463
  26. ^Uppdrag granskning - kungens bostäderSVT16 May 2023
  27. ^Thomas Lyrevik inDen kungliga kleptokratin makt, manipulation, berikning670 p.ISBN9789188383419
  28. ^Ulf Bergström, Staffan Nyberg & Tony Karlsson inMonarkins verkliga kostnader 202080 p.LIBRIS#fsqjvf15c1qs0flz
  29. ^BookChefenbyThomas Sjöberg2023
  30. ^"Nya siffror: Högsta stödet för kungahuset – på över 20 år".21 January 2024.
  31. ^Enqvist, Victoria (26 April 2006)."För Sverige – i bilen".Expressen(in Swedish). Archived fromthe originalon 20 October 2017.Retrieved19 August2012.
  32. ^"Swedish king crashes car".The Local.25 August 2005. Archived fromthe originalon 3 October 2012.Retrieved19 August2012.
  33. ^"The King and Queen visit the Winter Olympic Games in Sochi".Royal Court of Sweden.Archivedfrom the original on 26 January 2021.Retrieved24 February2018.
  34. ^Steve Reed (23 February 2018)."The king, the demon and a Swedish Olympic biathlon win".TheAssociated Press.[permanent dead link]
  35. ^"Kungaparet vid OS i Paris".Royal Court of Sweden. 6 August 2024.Retrieved26 August2024.
  36. ^url=https://sverigesradio.se/artikel/6445252
  37. ^url=https://www.svt.se/nyheter/lokalt/stockholm/ny-plats-for-nobelcenter-presenteras
  38. ^url=https://www.aftonbladet.se/nyheter/a/jd76xw/nytt-forsok-att-bygga-nobelcenter
  39. ^"Coronavirus: Swedish King Carl XVI Gustaf says coronavirus approach 'has failed'".BBC News.17 December 2020.Archivedfrom the original on 26 June 2022.Retrieved15 March2022.
  40. ^url=https://www.di.se/nyheter/kungen-har-inte-bestamt-sig-om-nobel/
  41. ^url=https://www.expressen.se/nyheter/hovet-kungen-inte-bestamt-sig-om-han-ska-ga-pa-nobel/
  42. ^url=https://www.svd.se/a/mQ452l/nobelstiftelsen-backar-bjuder-inte-in-ryssland-iran-och-belarus
  43. ^"The King of Sweden at the Jamboree".Archived fromthe originalon 19 May 2009.
  44. ^Wilkes, Collin (22 July 2013)."Jambopalooza, summit hikes – 'experience of a lifetime'".The Herald-Sun.Durham, North Carolina:Paxton Media Group.Archived fromthe originalon 6 April 2015.Retrieved24 July2013.
  45. ^Bramstång, Gunnar (1990).Tronrätt, bördstitel och hustillhörighet(in Swedish). Juristförlaget i Lund.ISBN91-544-2081-4.
  46. ^ArticleArchived20 October 2017 at theWayback Machineby Petter Ovander inAftonbladet14 May 2001 quoting three attorneys
  47. ^ArticleArchived20 October 2017 at theWayback Machineby Anita Bergmark inSvenska Dagbladet2 May 2002
  48. ^Swedish communiquéArchived6 May 2021 at theWayback Machineof king's decree 7 October 2019
  49. ^"Communiqué on changes to The Royal House – Sveriges Kungahus".www.kungahuset.se.Archived fromthe originalon 29 January 2021.Retrieved8 October2019.
  50. ^"Sweden's king removes five of his grandchildren from royal house".euronews.7 October 2019.Archivedfrom the original on 1 August 2020.Retrieved8 October2019.
  51. ^Kilborn, Peter (20 June 1976)."Swedish Monarch Marries German as 150,000 Turn Out".The New York Times.p. 3.Archivedfrom the original on 14 March 2018.Retrieved26 April2017.
  52. ^"IN FOCUS: DANCING QUEEN".www.abbasite.com.13 June 2012.Archivedfrom the original on 3 August 2020.Retrieved9 July2020.
  53. ^SOU1977:5Kvinnlig tronföljd,p.16.
  54. ^Peterson, Claes (24 November 2003)."Kungen: Grundlagen är lustig".Aftonbladet.Archivedfrom the original on 29 October 2012.Retrieved19 August2012.
  55. ^Henni, Janine (20 February 2023)."Sweden's Royal Palace Releases Health Update on King Carl XVI Gustaf, 76, Following His Heart Surgery".People.Archivedfrom the original on 26 February 2023.Retrieved25 February2023.
  56. ^"VenderArchived15 May 2021 at theWayback Machine","GötArchived15 May 2021 at theWayback Machine",Svenska Akademiens Ordbok, 2017
  57. ^"Nordisk kontakt".Nordisk Kontakt(in Swedish) (5–16): 809. 1973.Archivedfrom the original on 4 April 2023.Retrieved13 May2021.Den nye kungen avgav vid konselj den 19 september den ålderdomliga kungaförsäkran och meddelade att hans namn och titel skulle vara Carl XVI Gustaf, Sveriges konung ( alltså inte som tidigare Sveriges, Götes och Vendes konung)
  58. ^Westrin, Theodor,ed. (1910).Nordisk familjebok: konversationslexikon och realencyklopedi(in Swedish) (Ny, rev. och rikt ill. ed.). Stockholm: Nordisk familjeboks förl. p. 943f.SELIBR8072220.Archivedfrom the original on 30 November 2019.Retrieved27 October2008.
  59. ^abLeif Påhlsson (1988). "Svenska utmärkelsetecken".Svensk Numismatisk Tidskrift(in Swedish). pp. 250–251.
  60. ^"Kronprinsessans och Herr Daniel Westlings bröllopsminnesmedalj".Nationalencyklopedin(in Swedish).Archivedfrom the original on 12 May 2014.Retrieved19 June2013.
  61. ^abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabacadaeafagahaiajakalamanaoapaq"Kungens ordensinnehav".Sveriges Kungahus[Swedish Royal Court] (in Swedish). Archived fromthe originalon 14 March 2016.Retrieved30 January2017.
  62. ^"Reply to a parliamentary question"(PDF)(in German). p. 457.Archived(PDF)from the original on 14 April 2020.Retrieved16 October2012.
  63. ^"The King holds formal audiences for new ambassadors".Sveriges Kungahus.Archivedfrom the original on 3 August 2020.Retrieved18 May2020.
  64. ^"Oversigt over modtagere af danske dekorationer"[Overview of recipients of Danish decorations] (in Danish).Royal Household of Denmark.Archivedfrom the original on 18 May 2022.Retrieved18 February2022.
  65. ^ab"Persondetaljer Hans Majestæt Carl XVI Gustaf".www.borger.dk(in Danish). Archived fromthe originalon 29 May 2012.Retrieved19 August2012.
  66. ^"Estonian State Decorations, Carl XVI Gustaf"(in Estonian). Website of the President of Estonia.Archivedfrom the original on 16 October 2013.Retrieved19 August2012.
  67. ^"Estonian State Decorations, Carl XVI Gustaf"(in Estonian). Website of the President of Estonia.Archivedfrom the original on 16 October 2013.Retrieved19 August2012.
  68. ^Rosén, Staffan."Kungaparets franska ordnar"[The King's French Order].Sveriges Kungahus[Swedish Royal Court] (in Swedish). Archived fromthe originalon 31 January 2021.Retrieved18 May2020.
  69. ^"Order of the Falcon, search form"(in Icelandic). Archived fromthe originalon 28 May 2013.Retrieved19 August2012.
  70. ^"Jokowi bestows highest medal to Swedish king".22 May 2017.Archivedfrom the original on 21 May 2018.Retrieved19 June2017.
  71. ^"S.M. Carl XVI Gustaf il Re di Svezia – Decorato di Gran Cordone, Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana"(in Italian). Italian Presidency website.Archivedfrom the original on 28 September 2013.Retrieved19 August2012.
  72. ^"Par Viestura ordeņa piešķiršanu – Latvijas Vēstnesis".www.vestnesis.lv.24 March 2014.Archivedfrom the original on 11 April 2019.Retrieved24 June2020.
  73. ^ab"Orders search form: to view results, type" REI Carlos XVI "in" nome ", then click" Pesquisar "".Ordens Honoríficas Portuguesas[Portuguese Honorary Orders] (in Portuguese).Archivedfrom the original on 3 March 2013.Retrieved16 October2012.
  74. ^"Recipients of Order of the Star of Romania".Archived fromthe original(ms xls)on 28 March 2014.Retrieved19 August2012.
  75. ^"State honours: 1st Class received in 2002 (click on" Holders of the Order of the 1st Class White Double Cross "to see the holders' table)".Slovak Republic Website. Archived fromthe originalon 13 April 2016.Retrieved19 August2012.
  76. ^"1997 National Orders awards".Archivedfrom the original on 15 October 2012.Retrieved19 August2012.
  77. ^"Boletín Oficial del Estado"(PDF).Archived(PDF)from the original on 16 January 2021.Retrieved27 November2016.
  78. ^"Boletín Oficial del Estado"(PDF).Archived(PDF)from the original on 3 October 2013.Retrieved27 November2016.
  79. ^ราชกิจจานุเบกษา,ประกาศสำนักนายกรัฐมนตรี เรื่อง พระราชทานเครื่องราชอิสริยาภรณ์แด่สมเด็จพระราชาธิบดีคาร์ลที่ ๑๖ กุสตาฟ และสมเด็จพระราชินีซิลเวียแห่งราชอาณาจักรสวีเดนArchived4 March 2016 at theWayback Machine,เล่ม 120, ตอน 4 ข, 7 มีนาคม พ.ศ. 2546, หน้า 1
  80. ^"ประกาศสำนักนายกรัฐมนตรี เรื่อง พระราชทานเครื่องราชอิสริยาภรณ์อันเป็นสิริยิ่งรามกีรติ ลูกเสือสดุดีชั้นพิเศษ และเหรียญลุกเสือสดุดี ประจำปี ๒๕๕๑"(PDF).ราชกิจจานุเบกษา(in Thai). เล่ม 126 (ตอน 5 ข): หน้า 1. 18 March 2009. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 25 November 2020.Retrieved27 July2019.
  81. ^"Articolo".Archived fromthe originalon 2 April 2016.Retrieved5 November2015.
  82. ^"Sweden Exlusive [sic] ".abdullahgul.gen.tr.Archivedfrom the original on 26 January 2021.Retrieved19 December2020.
  83. ^"COURT CIRCULAR".The Times.No. 59443. London. 9 July 1975. col a, p. 16.
  84. ^"List of recipients of the Bronze Wolf Award".scout.org.WOSM.Archived fromthe originalon 29 November 2020.Retrieved1 May2019.
  85. ^䝪䞊䜲䝇䜹䜴䝖 nhật bổn liên minh きじ chương thụ chương giả[Recipient of the Golden Pheasant Award of the Scout Association of Japan](PDF).Reinanzaka Scout Club(in Japanese). 23 May 2014. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 11 August 2020.
  86. ^"BSP honors Sweden's king with prestigious Mt. Makiling Award".Los Baños Times.28 January 2014.Archivedfrom the original on 4 March 2016.Retrieved27 November2016.
  87. ^"No. 46627".The London Gazette(Supplement). 7 July 1975. p. 8697.
  88. ^"Matrikel 1996 för Kungl. Örlogsmannasällskapet"(PDF).Tidskrift I Sjöväsendet(in Swedish) (4). Carlskrona: 313. 1996.SELIBR8258455.Archived(PDF)from the original on 29 May 2019.Retrieved29 May2019.
  89. ^Eilers, Marlene. Queen Victoria's Descendants. Rosvall Royal Books, Falkoping, Sweden, 1997. pp. 153–154, 157–158, 160–162.ISBN91-630-5964-9
Listen to this article(6minutes)
This audio filewas created from a revision of this article dated 5 May 2005(2005-05-05),and does not reflect subsequent edits.
(Audio help·More spoken articles)

Explanatory footnotes

edit

References

edit
  • Ordenskalender[Order Calendar] (in Swedish). Sweden: Sekreterareämbetet vid Kungl. 1959.OCLC64237341.
edit
Carl XVI Gustaf
Born:30 April 1946
Swedish royalty
Preceded by Crown Prince of Sweden
1950–1973 		Vacant
Title next held by
Carl Philip
Regnal titles
Preceded by King of Sweden
1973–present 		Incumbent
Heir apparent:
Victoria
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carl_XVI_Gustaf&oldid=1243475383"