Carl XVI Gustaf(Carl Gustaf Folke Hubertus; born 30 April 1946) isKing of Sweden.
Carl XVI Gustaf | |||||
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![]() Carl XVI Gustaf in 2018 | |||||
King of Sweden | |||||
Reign | 15 September 1973 – present | ||||
Enthronement | 19 September 1973 | ||||
Predecessor | Gustaf VI Adolf | ||||
Heir apparent | Victoria | ||||
Prime ministers | |||||
Born | Haga Palace,Solna,Sweden | 30 April 1946||||
Spouse | |||||
Issue Detail | |||||
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House | Bernadotte | ||||
Father | Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten | ||||
Mother | Princess Sibylla of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha | ||||
Religion | Church of Sweden | ||||
Signature | ![]() |
Carl Gustaf was born during the reign of his paternal great-grandfather,King Gustaf V.He is the youngest child and only son ofPrince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten,andPrincess Sibylla of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.His father died in January 1947in an airplane crashin Denmark when Carl Gustaf was nine months old. Carl Gustaf became crown prince andheir apparentto the Swedish throne at the age of four when his grandfatherGustaf VI Adolfacceded to the throne in 1950.
Carl Gustaf acceded to the throne upon his grandfather's death on 15 September 1973. Shortly after he became king, the new1974 Instrument of Governmenttook effect, formally stripping the monarchy of its remaining executive powers. As a result, Carl Gustaf no longer performs many of the duties normally accorded to ahead of statein parliamentary regimes, such as the formal appointment of the prime minister, signing legislation into law, and beingcommander-in-chiefof the nation's military. The new instrument explicitly limited the king to ceremonial and representative functions, while he retained the right to be regularly informed of affairs of state. As head of theHouse of Bernadotte,Carl Gustaf has also been able to make a number of decisions about the titles and positions of its members.
In June 1976,Carl Gustaf marriedSilvia Sommerlath.They have three children:Victoria,Carl Philip,andMadeleine.The King'sheir apparent,after passage on 1 January 1980 of a new law establishingabsolute primogeniture,[1]is his eldest child, Crown Princess Victoria. Before the passage of that law, Victoria's younger brother, Carl Philip, was briefly the heir apparent, as of his birth in May 1979. Carl XVI Gustaf is the longest-reigning monarch in Swedish history, having surpassedKing Magnus IV's reign of 44 years and 222 days on 26 April 2018.[2]
Early life
editCarl Gustaf was born on 30 April 1946 at 10:20[3]inHaga PalaceinSolna,Stockholm County.He was the youngest of five children and the only son of Sweden's Prince Gustaf Adolf and Princess Sibylla. He was christened at theRoyal Chapelon 7 June 1946 by theArchbishop of Uppsala,Erling Eidem.[4]
Carl Gustaf was baptised inCharles XI's baptismal font, which stood onGustav III's carpet; he lay in Charles XI's cradle withOscar II's crown beside him.[5]The same christening gown in white linenbatistewhich the prince carried had been worn by his father in 1906 and would later be worn by his three children.[6]His godparents were theCrown PrinceandCrown Princess of Denmark(his paternal uncle and aunt), theCrown Prince of Norway,Princess Juliana of the Netherlands,theKing of Sweden(his paternal great-grandfather), theHereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha(his maternal uncle), theCrown PrinceandCrown Princess of Sweden(his paternal grandfather and step-grandmother), andCount Folkeand Countess Maria Bernadotte ofWisborg.[7]
Prince Carl Gustaf was also given the title of the Duke ofJämtland.His father,Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten,was killed in anairplane crashon 26 January 1947 atCopenhagen Airport.His father's death had left the nine-month-old prince second in line for the throne, behind his grandfather, then Crown Prince Gustaf Adolf. When his paternal great-grandfather,Gustaf Vdied in 1950, the four-year-old prince became theheir apparentof Sweden.[7]
Carl Gustaf was seven years old before he was told about his father's death. He expressed his feelings about growing up without knowing his father in a speech in 2005.[8]
Youth and education
editCarl Gustaf's earliest education was received privately at theRoyal Palace.He was then sent to Broms school, and then on toSigtuna boarding school.After graduating fromhigh schoolin 1966, Carl Gustaf completed two-and-a-half years of education in theSwedish Army,theRoyal Swedish Navy,and theSwedish Air Force.During the winter 1966–1967, he took part in a round-the-world voyage with themine-laying vesselÄlvsnabben.The Crown Prince received his commission as an officer in all three services in 1968, eventually rising to the rank ofcaptain(in the army and air force) andlieutenant(in the navy), before his accession to the throne. He also completed his academic studies inhistory,sociology,political science,tax law,andeconomicsatUppsala Universityand later economics atStockholm University.[9]
To prepare for his role as thehead of state,Crown Prince Carl Gustaf followed a broad program of studies on the court system, social organisations and institutions,trade unions,and employers' associations. In addition, he closely studied the affairs of theRiksdag,Government, andMinistry for Foreign Affairs.The Crown Prince also spent time at the Swedish Mission to theUnited Nationsand theSwedish International Development Cooperation Agency(SIDA), worked at a bank in London and at the Swedish Embassy there, at the Swedish Chamber of Commerce in France, and at theAlfa LavalCompany factory in France. In 1970, he represented the King at the head of the Swedish delegation to theWorld ExpositioninOsaka,Japan. Since his youth the present monarch has been a strong supporter of theScout Movementin Sweden.[10]
Carl Gustaf hasdyslexia,as do his daughter Crown Princess Victoria and his son Prince Carl Philip.[11][12]
Reign
editOn 15 September 1973, Carl Gustaf became King of Sweden upon the death of his grandfather, Gustaf VI Adolf. On 19 September, he took the required regal assurance (Swedish:Konungaförsäkran) during an extraordinary meeting of the cabinet. Afterwards, he appeared before the parliament, diplomatic corps, court, etc. in the Hall of State at the Royal Palace where he was enthroned onthe Silver Throneand gave a speech. Both the cabinet meeting and ceremony at the Hall were broadcast live on television. Following the ceremonies, he appeared on the balcony to acknowledge gathered crowds. At the cabinet meeting, the King declared that his regnal name would be Carl XVI Gustaf, King of Sweden. He adopted "For Sweden – With the times" as his personal motto[13](För Sverige – i tiden).[14][15]
He is the foremost representative of Sweden and paysstate visits abroadandreceivesthose to Sweden, heopens the annual sessionof theRiksdag,chairs theSpecial Council held during a change of Government(Swedish:skifteskonselj), holds regular Information Councils with the Prime Minister and the Cabinet (Swedish:informationskonselj), chairs the meetings of theAdvisory Council on Foreign Affairs(Swedish:Utrikesnämnden), and receivesLetters of Credenceof foreign ambassadors to Sweden and signs those of Sweden to foreign nations. As a figurehead, he also voluntarily abstains from voting in Swedish elections.[16]
King Carl Gustaf holds the highest ranks in the three branches of theSwedish Armed Forces;this is due to the fact that he was, as stipulated by § 14 of the1809 Instrument of Governmentin effect at the time of his accession to the throne in 1973, theCommander-in-Chief(Swedish:Högste Befälhavare;not to be confused with the military professional holding the position ofSupreme Commander) and therefore he was promotedex officiofrom his earlier ranks of captain (Army & Air Force) and lieutenant (Navy), togeneralandadmiral.Under the provisions of theInstrument of Government of 1974,which became effective on 1 January 1975, the King no longer holds this constitutionally-mandated position, but he kept his ranksà la suitesince he no longer has any military command authority, except overHis Majesty's Military Staff.
Worldwide, Carl XVI Gustaf is probably best known as the presenter of theNobel Prizeseach year; the firstNobel laureatewho received the prize from his hands wasLeo Esaki.[17]He also hands over thePolar Music Prize.The King holdshonorarydoctoral degrees from theSwedish University of Agricultural Sciences,KTH Royal Institute of Technology,theStockholm School of Economicsand from theÅbo Akademi Universityin Finland.
Carl Gustaf has made a number of controversial statements considered political. In his critique of Norwegian Prime MinisterGro Harlem Brundtlandand her Norwegianseal huntpolicy, he questioned whether someone who could not take care of the seal problem really could take care of the Norwegian people.[18]In 2004, after a state visit toBrunei,he praised SultanHassanal Bolkiahand called Brunei a really open country, despite Brunei's controversial human rights history. In 2023 Carl Gustaf said that while he understands that Brunei has a non-democratic form of government it is still an open country.[19][20]Both statements made public support for the monarchy reach the lowest numbers in many years. Public trust increased, however, after the2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunamiwhere many Swedes died. The Swedish prime ministerGöran Perssonthen failed to carry out his constitutional obligation to inform the king on matters of state which resulted in criticism of the government. During a memorial ceremony held atStockholm City Hallon 10 January 2005 the king gave a highly praised speech which restored support of the monarchy.[21][22]
Carl Gustaf has claimed to have played an important part in solving a diplomatic crisis with Saudi Arabia in 2015. This crisis began when Foreign MinisterMargot Wallströmcriticized Saudi Arabia's form of government and human-rights situation. As a response the Saudi Arabian Ambassador to Sweden was recalled and a military co-operation agreement between the two nations was ended. TheSwedish governmentthen reportedly asked for the king's help in solving the crisis. He then wrote a letter to theSaudi Arabian kingand shortly thereafter diplomatic relations went back to normal.[23]Carl Gustaf's role in solving the crisis, and his statement regarding said role during which he claimed to have "good relations" with the Saudi King have both received criticism.[24][25]
TheKing's Golden Jubileewas celebrated in 2023. The celebrations included tours of all of Sweden's 21 counties, a jubilee banquet at the Royal Palace and a carriage procession through the streets of Stockholm. Leading up to that year and including it, beginning already in 2018, some of the most serious criticism ever published took place about Carl Gustaf and the way his monarchy has developed.[26][27][28][29]Support for the monarchy overall remained strong in the Swedish public, however, in large part due to the popularity ofCrown Princess Victoria.[30]
Personal interests and views
editThe king is passionate about the environment, technology, agriculture, trade, and industry. Like many members of the Swedish royal family, he has a keen interest in automobiles. He owns severalPorsche 911s,a car model which is said to be a particular favourite of his, as well as a vintageVolvo PV444,aFerrari 456M GT, anAC Cobraand other cars.[31]The first pictures taken of him and his future wife were of them sitting in his Porsche 911. In the summer of 2005 he was involved in a traffic accident inNorrköping.The accident was described as a "fender bender", with no serious personal injuries claimed. Nevertheless, the incident caused national headlines.[32]The king and queen of Sweden frequently travel to the Summer and WinterOlympic Games,including in 2014, 2016, 2018 and 2024.[33][34][35]
In 2016 the king intervened in the raging debate surrounding the proposed Nobel Center atBlasieholmenin central Stockholm, near theNationalmuseumand old town, by stating that he thought the proposed structure was “too big and in the wrong place” and that it “could be relocated”.[36]Following the 2018 election the City of Stockholm abandoned the original proposal opting instead for creating new plans nearSlussen.[37][38]
In December 2020, the king said Sweden's approach to dealing with COVID-19 had failed. Prime MinisterStefan Löfvensaid that "the fact that so many have died can't be considered as anything other than a failure".[39]
Before the 2023 Nobel Prize Ceremony theNobel Foundationannounced that they intended to invite ambassadors fromRussia,BelarusandIranto attend the event. This sparked mass criticism and the royal court issued a statement saying the king was still deciding on whether or not to attend the ceremony, as has been tradition since it was first held. Many leaders of political parties also threatened to boycott the ceremony.[40][41]Eventually the Foundation backed down on its decision.[42]
Scouting
editThe King is the honorary chairman of theWorld Scout Foundation,and often participates inScoutactivities bothin Swedenand abroad. He regularly visitsWorld Scout Jamborees,for instance the 1979Dalajamb World Jamboree International Encampmenthosted by Sweden, the 2002 World Jamboree held inSattahip, Thailand,and the 100th Anniversary of World Scouting 2007 World Jamboree heldin Hylands Park, England.[43]He also attended the1981 National Scout JamboreeinVirginia,United States, and was awarded theBronze Wolf,the only distinction of theWorld Organization of the Scout Movement,awarded by the World Scout Committee for exceptional services to world Scouting, in 1982. He also attended the22nd World Scout Jamboree.He gave a speech on 6 August 2011 at the closing ceremony with more than 40,000 people watching. The bandEuropealso performed for him singing "The Final Countdown". King Carl Gustaf made an appearance at the 2013 Boy Scouts of America National Jamboree in West Virginia.[44]
Use of remaining power
editSo empowered as head of theHouse of Bernadotte,[45]King Carl Gustaf since he was enthroned in 1973 has made a number of personal decisions regarding the titles and positions of relatives and family members, including the demotion of a sister, elevation of severalcommonersto royalty, rebuff of an elderly uncle's wishes and the creation of new Swedish titles and duchies.
- 1974: his sisterChristinamarried a non-royal Swedish man and Carl Gustaf followed the example which his grandfather and predecessor had set for two of Christina's older sisters with like marriages, so Christina was removed from theRoyal House,no longer aRoyal Highnessand was given the courtesy titlePrincess Christina, Mrs. Magnuson(a special non-royal, non-noble style first invented in 1953 byKing Haakon VII of Norwayfor his granddaughterRagnhild).
- 1976: his own choice, taking advantage of his constitutional prerogative as king when he married a non-royal German-Brazilian woman, saw her createdHer Majesty Queen Silvia of Sweden.
- 1976: his paternal uncleBertil(later that year) married the non-royal British woman who had lived with Bertil for decades, and (with Bertil's titles) Carl Gustaf created her aRoyal HighnessPrincess of Sweden and Duchess of Halland.
- 1977: his daughterVictoriawas born, and in 1980, Carl Gustaf created her Duchess of Västergötland (which has had duchesses before).
- 1979: his sonCarl Philipwas born, and Carl Gustaf created him Duke of Värmland (which has had dukes before).
- 1982: his daughterMadeleinewas born, and Carl Gustaf created a new duchy for her as Duchess of Hälsingland and Gästrikland.
- 1983: his paternal uncleSigvard,since 1934 no longer Prince of Sweden because of a non-royal marriage to a German woman, supported by legal experts[46]announced his own title asPrince Sigvard Bernadotte,18 years later clearly citing a great-unclePrince Oscar Bernadotte's title as his main precedent;[47]however, Sigvard died in 2002 with Carl Gustaf never having responded to his uncle's statement, and with theRoyal Court of Swedenconsistently refusing to honor it.
- 2003: his paternal grandfather's first cousinCarldied, and Carl Gustaf formally recognized his Belgian title by allowingPrinceCarl Bernadotteon the gravestone at theRoyal Cemeterywhich is owned by the king; in 2014 he did the same there, allowing Carl's widow's name asPrincessKristineBernadottewhen she died.
- 2010: his daughter Victoria married a non-royal Swede whom Carl Gustaf created aRoyal HighnessPrince of Sweden and (with her title) Duke of Västergötland.
- 2012: his granddaughterEstellewas born and created Duchess of Östergötland (which has had duchesses before).
- 2013: his daughter Madeleine married a non-royal British American who declined Swedish citizenship, and Carl Gustaf gave him the special courtesy title ofHerr(with a capital h).
- 2014: his granddaughter Leonore was born and created Duchess of Gotland (which also previously has been a duchy).
- 2015: his son Carl Philip married a non-royal Swede whom Carl Gustaf created aRoyal HighnessPrincess of Sweden and (with the son's title) Duchess of Värmland.
- 2015: his grandson Nicolas was born, and Carl Gustaf created a new duchy for him as Duke of Ångermanland.
- 2016: his grandsonOscarwas born and created Duke of Scania (which has had dukes before).
- 2016: his grandson Alexander was born (later that year) and created Duke of Södermanland (which has had dukes before).
- 2017: his grandson Gabriel was born and created Duke of Dalarna (which has had dukes before).
- 2018: his granddaughter Adrienne was born, and Carl Gustaf created a new duchy for her as Duchess of Blekinge.
- 2019: Carl Gustaf issued a statement rescinding theroyal statusof his grandchildren Leonore, Nicolas, Alexander, Gabriel and Adrienne in an effort to more strictly associate Swedish royalty to the office of the head of state; the five are still to be styled as princes/princesses and dukes/duchesses of their provinces, and they remain in the line of succession to the throne.[48][49][50]
- 2021: his grandson Julian was born and created Duke of Halland (which has had dukes before) with the same standing of 2019 as his brothers.
Marriage and family
editThe King marriedSilvia Sommerlath,whose father was German and whose mother was Brazilian, and who had grown up in both countries. They met at the1972 Summer Olympicsin Munich, where she was an interpreter and host. The wedding was held on 19 June 1976 atStockholm Cathedral,the ceremony performed by theArchbishop of Uppsala,Olof Sundby.[51]The wedding was preceded the previous evening by a Royal Variety Performance, at which, among other performances, the Swedish musical groupABBAgave one of the first performances of "Dancing Queen",as a tribute to Sweden's future queen.[52]The King and his family moved toDrottningholm Palacewest of Stockholm in 1980. He and the Queen have maintained their business offices at the Royal Palace of Stockholm.
King Carl Gustaf and Queen Silvia have three children and eight grandchildren:
- Crown Princess Victoria, Duchess of Västergötland(born 14 July 1977), who is married toDaniel Westlingand has two children
- Prince Carl Philip, Duke of Värmland(born 13 May 1979), who is married toSofia Hellqvistand has three children
- Princess Madeleine, Duchess of Hälsingland and Gästrikland(born 10 June 1982), who is married toChristopher O'Neilland has three children
Prince Carl Philip was born theheir apparent.However, a constitutional reform, which was already under way at the time of his birth, made his elder sister, Victoria, the heir apparent and Crown Princess of Sweden on 1 January 1980, according to the principles ofabsolute primogeniture,which Sweden was the first recognised monarchy to adopt.[53]King Carl Gustaf objected after the reform, not to the succession by females but to the fact that his son lost the position and title which he had had since birth.[54]
Health
editIn February 2023, Carl Gustaf underwent "a surgical intervention withcathetertechnology in the heart area. "[55]
Titles, styles, honours and arms
editGustaf VI Adolf was the last king to use the style "by the Grace of God,of theSwedes,GothsandWendsKing "(Swedish:med Guds Nåde Sveriges, Götes och Wendes Konung;Latin:Dei Gratia Suecorum, Gothorum et Vandalorum Rex). This title had been in use since its adoption byGustav Iin 1523.[56]Carl XVI Gustaf instead chose the simpler "King of Sweden" (Sveriges Konung), thereby ending a centuries-old tradition.[57][full citation needed]
Regnal name
editThere have not been sixteen kings of Sweden named Carl/Charles. The numeral stems from anerroneous genealogy that includes fictitious kings,created by 16th-century writerJohannes Magnus.[58]
Arms
editOn his creation as Duke of Jämtland, Carl XVI Gustaf was granted an achievement of arms which featured the arms of Jämtland in base (these arms can be seen on hisstallplateas knight of the DanishOrder of the ElephantatFrederiksborg Palace). Since his accession to the throne, he has used thegreater coat of arms of Swedenalthough he is still associated with the ducal title of Jämtland he held as a prince.
Arms of Carl Gustaf as Duke ofJämtlandfrom 1950 to his accession | |
Arms of Carl XVI Gustaf used since his accession to the throne. |
Distinctions
editNational
edit- Sweden:Recipient of the90th Birthday Medal of King Gustaf V[59]
- Sweden:Recipient of the85th Birthday Medal of King Gustaf VI Adolf[59]
- Sweden:Recipient of theWedding Medal of Crown Princess Victoria to Daniel Westling[60]
Foreign
edit- Argentina:Grand Cross with Collar of theOrder of the Liberator General San Martín(1998)[61]
- Austria:Grand Star of theOrder of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria, Special Class(1967)[61][62]
- Belgium:Grand Cordon of theOrder of Leopold(1977)[61]
- Brazil:Grand Collar of theOrder of the Southern Cross(2007)[61]
- Brunei:Recipient of theRoyal Family Order of the Crown of Brunei(2004)[61]
- Bulgaria:Sash of theOrder of Stara Planina[61]
- Chile:Collar of theOrder of Merit[61]
- Croatia:Grand Cross of theGrand Order of King Tomislav(2013)[63]
- Denmark:
- Knight with Collar of theOrder of the Elephant(12 January 1965)[64][65]
- Grand Commander of theOrder of the Dannebrog(1975)[65]
- Egypt:Grand Cross with Collar of theOrder of the Nile[61]
- Estonia:
- Grand Cross with Collar of theOrder of the Cross of Terra Mariana(1995)[66]
- Grand Cross with Collar of theOrder of the White Star(2011)[67][61]
- Finland:Grand Cross with Collar of theOrder of the White Rose(1974)[61]
- France:Grand Cross of theOrder of the Legion of Honour[68][61]
- Germany:
- Grand Cross Special Class of theOrder of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany[61]
- Ducal Family of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha:Knight Grand Cross of theDucal Royal Saxe-Ernestine Saxe-Coburg and Gotha House Order[61]
- Greece:Grand Cross of theOrder of the Redeemer[61]
- Holy See:Knight with the Collar of theOrder of Pope Pius IX[61]
- Hungary:Grand Cross of theOrder of Merit of the Republic of Hungary[61]
- Iceland:Grand Cross with Collar of theOrder of the Falcon[69][61]
- Indonesia:Star of the Republic of Indonesia,1st Class (2017)[70][61]
- Italy:Grand Cross with Collar of theOrder of Merit of the Italian Republic(1991)[71][61]
- Japan:Collar of theOrder of the Chrysanthemum[61]
- Jordan:Grand Cordon with Collar of theOrder of al-Hussein bin Ali[61]
- Latvia:
- Grand Cross with Chain of theOrder of the Three Stars(1995)[61]
- Grand Cross of theOrder of Viesturs[72]
- Lithuania:Grand Cross with Golden Chain of theOrder of Vytautas the Great(1995)[61]
- Luxembourg:Knight Grand Cross of theOrder of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau[61]
- Malaysia:Honorary Recipient of theOrder of the Crown of the Realm(1996)[61]
- Mexico:Collar of theOrder of the Aztec Eagle(2004)[61]
- Netherlands:
- Knight Grand Cross of theOrder of the Netherlands Lion
- Knight Grand Cross of theOrder of the House of Orange[61]
- Commander of theOrder of the Golden Ark[61]
- Norway:Knight Grand Cross with Collar of theOrder of St. Olav(1974)[61]
- Poland:Knight of theOrder of the White Eagle[61]
- Portugal:
- Grand Collar of theOrder of Saint James of the Sword[61][73]
- Grand Cross with Collar of theOrder of Prince Henry(1987)[73][61]
- Romania:Grand Cross with Collar of theOrder of the Star of Romania(2003)[74][61]
- Saudi Arabia:Grand Cross with Collar of theOrder of Abdulaziz al Saud[61]
- Slovakia:First Class of theOrder of the White Double Cross[75][61]
- Slovenia:Recipient of theDecoration for Exceptional Merits[61]
- South Africa:Grand Cross with Collar of theOrder of Good Hope(1997)[76][61]
- South Korea:Recipient of theGrand Order of Mugunghwa(2012)[61]
- Spain:
- 1,183rd Knight of theOrder of the Golden Fleece(1983)[77][61]
- Knight of the Collar of theRoyal and Distinguished Spanish Order of Charles III[78][61]
- Thailand:
- Knight of theOrder of the Rajamitrabhorn(2003)[61][79]
- Knight of theOrder of Ramkeerati(2008)[80]
- Tunisia:Grand Cordon of theOrder of the Republic[81]
- Turkey:Collar of theOrder of the State of Republic of Turkey(2013)[82]
- Ukraine:[61]
- Member of theOrder of Liberty(2008)
- Grand Cross with Collar of theOrder of Prince Yaroslav the Wise
- Grand Officer of theOrder of Merit, 1st Class
- United Kingdom:[61]
- Stranger Knight Companion of theMost Noble Order of the Garter(963rd member since the order's inception; 1983)[citation needed]
- Recipient of theRoyal Victorian Chain(8 July 1975)[83]
- Yugoslavia:Order of the Yugoslav Great Star(1976)[citation needed]
Awards
editForeign
edit- United Nations Peace Medal(1976)
- World Organization of the Scout Movement:Bronze Wolf Award(1982)[84]
- Japan:Golden Pheasant Awardof theScout Association of Japan(1980)[85]
- Philippines:Mount Makiling Award[86]
Honorary military positions
edit- HonoraryAdmiral,BritishRoyal Navy(seniority: 25 June 1975)[87]
Patronages
edit- African Medical and Research Foundation Sweden(AMREF)
- Allmänna Idrottsklubben(AIK)
- Barnens Dags Riksförbund
- Swedish Central Association for Sports Promotion (Centralföreningen för Idrottens Främjande i Sverige)
- Djurgårdens Hembygdsförening
- Friends of the Nationalmuseum
- Friends of the Swedish Museum of Natural History
- Swedish Outdoor Association (Friluftsfrämjandet)
- Society of the Friends of the Swedish Institute at Athens (Föreningen Svenska Atheninstitutets Vänner)
- Föreningen Konstnärernas Vänner
- Swedes Worldwide (Föreningen för Svenskar i Världen)
- Gastronomic Academy (Gastronomiska Akademien)
- Global Child Forum
- Gripsholmsföreningen
- Idrottsföreningen Kamraterna(IFK)
- Kulturen i Lund
- Royal Automobile Club
- Kungliga Motorbåt Klubben
- Royal Swedish Aero Club
- Royal Swedish Yacht Club
- Swedish Cancer Society (Riksföreningen mot Cancer)
- Royal Physiographic Society in Lund
- Royal Society of Sciences and Letters in Gothenburg
- Royal Society of Sciences in Uppsala
- Royal Swedish Academy
- Royal Swedish Academy of Agriculture and Forestry
- Royal Swedish Academy of Arts
- Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences
- Royal Swedish Academy of Letters, History and Antiquities
- Royal Swedish Academy of Music
- Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences,and its annualKing Carl XVI Gustaf Professorship in Environmental Science
- Royal Swedish Society of Naval Sciences(first honorary member, 1968[88])
- Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences
- Save theVisby RingwallCampaign
- The Natural StepFoundation
- Association of Friends of the Drottningholm Court Theatre (Stiftelsen Drottningholmsteaterns Vänner)
- Keep Sweden Tidy Foundation (Stiftelsen Håll Sverige Rent)
- Stockholm Water Foundation
- Stiftelsen Svenska Flaggan
- Stiftelsen Svensk Våtmarksfond
- Stockholms Konserthusstiftelse
- Stockholm Academic Male Chorus
- Svea Orden
- Swedish Archaeological Association (Svenska Arkeologiska Samfundet)
- Swedish Women's Auxiliary Veterinary Corps (Svenska Blå Stjärnan)
- Swedish Society for the Protection of Animals (Svenska Djurskyddsföreningen)
- Swedish Association for Hunting and Wildlife Management (Svenska Jägareförbundet)
- Swedish Kennel Club (Svenska Kennelklubben)
- Educational Swedish Swimming Association (Svenska Livräddningssällskapet – Simfrämjandet)
- Svenska Motionsdagen (Korpen Svenska Motionsidrottsförbundet)
- Association of Friends of the Swedish Institute in Rome (Svenska Rominstitutets Vänner)
- Swedish Tourist Association
- The Guides and Scouts of Sweden
- Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geography
- Sweden–America Foundation
- Swedish General Art Society (Sveriges Allmänna Konstförening)
- Sveriges Hembygdsförbund
- Swedish Forestry Association (Sveriges Skogsvårdsförbund)
- Swedish Bible Society
- Swedish Colonial Society
- Swedish Lions
- Swedish Red Cross
- Swedish Rotary
- Swedish Sports Confederation
- Sångsällskapet Orphei Drängar
- The Natural Step
- The American-Scandinavian Foundation
- Wilhelm Peterson-BergerSociety
- World Scout Foundation
- World Wide Fund for NatureSweden (WWF)
- Friends of the Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities (Östasiatiska Museets Vänner)
Ancestry
editNotes
edit- ^ArticleArchived26 June 2019 at theWayback Machineby theSwedish Institute15 June 2018
- ^"King Carl XVI Gustaf now Sweden's longest-reigning monarch".The Local Sweden.26 April 2018.Archivedfrom the original on 23 June 2018.Retrieved29 May2018.
- ^Rudberg, Erik, ed. (1947).Svenska dagbladets årsbok 1946(in Swedish). Stockholm:Svenska Dagbladet.p. 43.SELIBR283647.
- ^Lundgren, R.; Larsson, A.; Jaeger, A.; Engman, A.; Malmberg, A.; Fotoreportage, S.; Bild, A. (2017).Sibylla: En biografi(in Swedish). Albert Bonniers Förlag. p. 22-IA52.ISBN978-91-0-017023-3.Archivedfrom the original on 17 April 2023.Retrieved17 June2020.
- ^Schiller, Harald (1970). Olsson, Nils (ed.).Händelser man minns: en krönika i ord och bild 1920–1969(in Swedish). Stockholm: Samverkande bokförlags försäljningsorganisation. p. 1946/5.SELIBR569745.
- ^Anno. [19]82(in Swedish). Malmö: Corona. 1983. p. 39.ISBN91-85556-16-5.SELIBR3759331.
- ^ab"Kungens liv i 60 år"[King's life for 60 years] (in Swedish).Royal Court of Sweden.Archived fromthe originalon 10 August 2017.Retrieved9 July2020.
- ^Orange, Richard (29 October 2011)."King Carl XVI Gustaf: profile".Daily Telegraph.ISSN0307-1235.Archived fromthe originalon 30 October 2011.Retrieved22 May2020.
- ^"Biography – Sveriges Kungahus".www.kungahuset.se.Archived fromthe originalon 6 May 2021.Retrieved15 December2018.
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En dyslektiker kan lära sig att läsa och skriva efter bara 50 timmars träning. Det säger nu Toini Prim, en av Sveriges ledande dyslexiexperter. Prim har tidigare bland annat hjälpt till att behandla prins Carl Philip.
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'Rätt snart upptäcktes att Victoria hade ärvt faderns dyslexi och hon kämpade hårt för att hålla jämna steg med klasskamraterna.
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Explanatory footnotes
editReferences
editExternal links
edit- Royal Court of Sweden– Official site