Wikipedia

Charles Bronson

This article is about the American actor. For other people named Charles Bronson, seeCharles Bronson (disambiguation).

Charles Bronson(bornCharles Dennis Buchinsky;November 3, 1921 – August 30, 2003) was an American actor. He was known for his roles in action films and his "granite features and brawny physique". Bronson was born into extreme poverty inEhrenfeld, Pennsylvania,acoal miningtown in theAllegheny Mountains.Bronson's father, a miner, died when Bronson was young. Bronson himself worked in the mines as well until joining theUnited States Army Air Forcesin 1943 to fight inWorld War II.After his service, he joined a theatrical troupe and studied acting. During the 1950s, he played various supporting roles in motion pictures and television, includinganthology dramaTV series in which he would appear as the main character. Near the end of the decade, he had his first cinematic leading role inMachine-Gun Kelly(1958).

Charles Bronson
Bronson in 1965
Born
Charles Dennis Buchinsky[1]

(1921-11-03)November 3, 1921
Ehrenfeld, Pennsylvania,U.S.
DiedAugust 30, 2003(2003-08-30)(aged 81)
Los Angeles,California, U.S.
Burial placeBrownsville Cemetery
West Windsor, Vermont,U.S.
OccupationActor
Years active1951–1999
Spouses
Harriett Tendler
​
​
(m.1949;div.1965)​
​
​
(m.1968; died 1990)​
Kim Weeks
​
(m.1998)​
Children4, includingKatrina Holden Bronson
Military career
AllegianceUnited States
Service/ branch
Years of service1943–1946
RankCorporal
Unit
Battles / warsWorld War II

Bronson had sizeable co-starring roles inThe Magnificent Seven(1960),The Great Escape(1963),This Property Is Condemned(1966), andThe Dirty Dozen(1967). Bronson also performed in many major television shows, and was nominated for anEmmy Awardfor his supporting role in an episode ofGeneral Electric Theater.ActorAlain Delon(who was a fan of Bronson) hired him to co-star with him in the French filmAdieu l'ami(1968). That year, he also played one of the leads in the Italianspaghetti Western,Once Upon a Time in the West(1968). Bronson continued playing leads in variousaction,Western,andwar filmsmade in Europe, includingRider on the Rain(1970), which won aGolden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film.During this time Bronson was the most popular American actor in Europe.

After this period, he returned to the United States to make more films, working with directorMichael Winner.Their early collaborations includedChato's Land(1972),The Mechanic(1972) andThe Stone Killer(1973). At this point, he became the world's top box-office star, commanding a salary of $1 million per film. In 1974, Bronson starred in the controversial filmDeath Wish(also directed by Winner), about an architect turned vigilante, a role that typified most of the characters he played for the rest of his career. Most critics initially panned the film as exploitative, but the movie was a major box-office success and spawnedfour sequels.

Until his retirement in the late 1990s, Bronson almost exclusively played lead roles in action-oriented films, such asMr. Majestyk(1974),Hard Times(1975),St. Ives(1976),The White Buffalo(1977),Telefon(1977), andAssassination(1987). During this time he often collaborated with directorJ. Lee Thompson.He also made a number of non-action television films in which he acted against type. His last significant role in cinema was a supporting one in a dramatic film,The Indian Runner(1991); his performance in it was praised by reviewers.

Early life and war service

Bronson was born November 3, 1921, inEhrenfeld, Pennsylvania,acoal miningregion in theAllegheny Mountains,north ofJohnstown.He was the 11th of 15 children born into aRoman Catholicfamily ofLithuaniandescent. The very large family slept in shifts in their cold-water shack. The coal car tracks that ran out of the mine's mouth passed just a few yards away.[2][3]His father, Walter Buchinsky (néVladislavas Valteris Paulius Bučinskas/Bučinskis),[2][4]was aLipka TatarfromDruskininkaiin southernLithuania.[5]Bronson's mother, Mary (née Valinsky), whose parents were from Lithuania, was born inTamaqua, Pennsylvania,in theCoal Region.[6][7][8][9]

Bronson said English was not spoken at home during his childhood, like many other first-generation American children he grew up with. He once recounted that even as a soldier, his accent was strong enough to make his comrades think he was a foreigner.[10]Besides English, he could speak Lithuanian and Russian.[11]

In a 1973 interview, Bronson remarked that he did not know his father very well, and was not sure if he loved or hated him, adding that all he could remember about him was that whenever his mother announced that his father was coming home, the children would hide.[12]In 1933, after his father died of cancer, Bronson went to work in the coal mines, first in the mining office and then in the mine.[2]He later said he earned one dollar for each ton of coal that he mined.[10]In another interview, he said that he had to work double shifts to earn $1 (equivalent to $24 in 2023) a week.[12]Bronson later recounted that he and his brother engaged in dangerous work removing "stumps" between the mines, and that cave-ins were common.[12]

The family suffered extreme poverty during theGreat Depression,and Bronson recalled going hungry many times. His mother could not afford milk for his younger sister, so she was fed warm tea instead.[12]He said he had to wear his elder sister's dress to school for lack of clothing.[13][14]Bronson was the first member of his family to graduate from high school.[15]

Bronson worked in the mines until enlisting in theUnited States Army Air Forcesin 1943 duringWorld War II.[2]He served in the 760th Flexible Gunnery Training Squadron, and in 1945 as aBoeing B-29 Superfortressaerial gunnerwith theGuam-based 61st Bombardment Squadron[16]within the39th Bombardment Group,which conducted combat missions against theJapanese home islands.[17]He flew 25 missions and received aPurple Heartfor wounds received in battle.[18]

Career and education

1946 to 1951: acting training

After the end of World War II, Bronson did odd jobs until a theatrical group inPhiladelphiahired him to paint scenery, which led to acting in minor roles.[19]He later shared an apartment in New York City withJack Klugman,who was an aspiring actor at the time. Eventually, he moved to Hollywood, where he enrolled in acting classes at the Pasadena Playhouse.[20]

1951 to 1958: early films to leading roles

In his early career, Bronson was still credited as Charles Buchinsky.[20]His first film role – an uncredited one – was as a sailor inYou're in the Navy Nowin 1951, directed byHenry Hathaway.[21][20]Other screen appearances in 1951 wereThe Mob,[22]andThe People Against O'Hara,directed byJohn Sturges.[23]

In 1952, he acted inBloodhounds of Broadway;[24]Battle Zone;[25]Pat and Mike,[26]Diplomatic Courier(1952),[27]Henry Hathaway'sMy Six Convicts,[28]The Marrying Kind,[29]andRed Skies of Montana.[30]

That year on television, he boxed in a ring withRoy Rogersin Rogers' showKnockout.He appeared on an episode ofThe Red Skelton Showas a boxer in a skit with Skelton playing "Cauliflower McPugg". He appeared with fellow guest starLee Marvinin an episode ofBiff Baker, U.S.A.,an espionage series onCBS.[31]: 318 

In 1953, he played Igor the sidekick ofVincent Pricein the horror filmHouse of Wax,directed byAndre de Toth.[32]To prepare his role as a mute he took a course insign language.[33]Ben S. Parker ofThe Commercial Appealsaid "Buchinsky adds mute menace as a deaf-and-dumb assistant to the madman".[34]In the US, the film reach the 4th place on the highest box office of that year and made 23 millions.[35]TheLibrary of CongressselectedHouse of Waxfor preservation in theNational Film Registryin 2014, deeming it "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".[36][37]

That same year, he had roles inThe Clown,[38]andOff Limits.[39]

In 1954, he appeared inRiding Shotgun,starringRandolph Scott,directed by de Toth.[40]It was reported that he got the role due to the quality of his performance inHouse of Wax.[41]That year on television, he acted in "The case of the desperate men" and episode ofTreasury Men in Action.[42]

Also that year, he acted in the filmApachefor directorRobert Aldrich,[43]Tennessee Champ,[44]Miss Sadie Thompson,[45]Crime Wavedirected by de Toth,Vera Cruz,[46]andDrum Beat,directed byDelmer Daves.[47]

Also in 1954, during height of theRed Scareand theHouse Un-American Activities Committee(HUAC) proceedings, he changed his surname from Buchinsky to Bronson at the suggestion of his agent, who feared that a Russian surname might damage his career.[48]

In 1955, Bronson acted inTarget Zero,[49]Big House, U.S.A.,[50]andJubal.[51]That year on television he played a lead in "A Chain of Hearts" an episode of theanthology dramaseriesDuPont Cavalcade Theater.[52]

In 1956 he acted inSam Fuller'sRun of the Arrow.[53]That year on television, he playedAlexis St. Martinin "Who search for truth" an episode ofMedic.[54]Also that year he started acting in the television showAlfred Hitchcock Presentsand would return over the year: These episodes are "And So Died Riabouchinska" (Season 1 Episode 20 which aired 2/10/1956), "There Was an Old Woman" (1956), and "The Woman Who Wanted to Live" (1962).[55][56]

In 1957, Bronson was cast in the Western seriesColt.45as an outlaw named Danny Arnold in the episode "Young Gun".[57]He had the lead role in the episode "The Apache Kid" of thesyndicatedcrime dramaThe Sheriff of Cochise,starringJohn Bromfield.[58][31]: 313 He appeared in five episodes ofRichard Boone'sHave Gun – Will Travel(1957–63). He guest-starred in the short-livedCBSsituation comedy,Hey, Jeannie![31]: 319 

In May 1958,Roger Corman's biopic of areal life gangsterMachine-Gun Kellypremiered, in it Bronson plays the lead.[59]Geoffrey M. Warren ofThe Los Angeles Timessaid Bronson makes Kelly "a full, three dimensional human being".[60]

In June 1958,Showdown at Boot Hillpremiered, where he played the lead.[61]

The following JulyGang War,started its theatrical run.[62]Bronson plays the lead as a Los Angeles high-school teacher, who witnesses a gangland killing and agrees to testify. Not realizing this will cause retaliation.[63]

Bronson inMan with a Camera,1959

On October 10,ABC's seriesMan with a Camerapremiered. Bronson played the lead in which he portrayed Mike Kovac, a freelance crime fighting photographer in New York City.[64]The show lasted two season until 1960.[65]

In November,When Hell Broke Loosepremiered, where he played the lead.[66]

In 1958 on television, Bronson appeared asButch Cassidyon thetelevision WesternTales of Wells Fargoin the episode titled "Butch Cassidy".[67]

1959 to 1968: supporting roles in major projects to European breakthrough

In 1959, Bronson had a supporting role in an expensive war film,Never So Few,directed by John Sturges.[68]

In 1959, on television, he acted in theYancy Derringerepisode "Hell and High Water",[69]and inU.S. Marshal.[70]

In 1960, inJohn Sturges'sThe Magnificent Seven,he played one of seven gunfighters taking up the cause of the defenseless.[71]According to co-starEli Wallach,during filming "Bronson was a loner who kept to himself."[72]He received $50,000 (equivalent to $514,961 in 2023) for this role.[73]The film was a domesticbox-office disappointment,but it proved to be such a smash hit in Europe that it ultimately made a profit.[74][75]Harrison's Reportspraised the film as "A superb Western, well-acted and crammed full of action, human interest, pathos, suspense, plus some romance and humor."[76]In 2013, the film was selected for preservation in the United StatesNational Film Registryby theLibrary of Congressas being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".[77][78]

In 1960, he acted in "Zigzag" an episode ofRiverboat,[79]"The Generous Politician" an episode ofThe Islanders,[31]: 320 and "Street of Hate" an episode ofLaramie.[80]He played a recurring role in the second season ofHennesey.The first episode was episode 3 "Hennesey a la Gunn", the second one was episode 26 "The Nogoodnik" which aired in 1961.[81]

A publicity photo of Bronson andPatricia Owensfor the filmX-15,1961

In 1961, Bronson played supporting roles inWilliam Witney'sMaster of the World,[82]Joseph Newman'sA Thunder of Drums,[83]andRichard Donner'sX-15.[84]

On television in 1961, Bronson played a boxer in an episode ofOne Step Beyondtitled "The Last Round", aired January 10,[85]and he starred alongsideElizabeth Montgomeryin aTwilight Zoneepisode named "Two".[86]Bronson was nominated for anEmmy Awardfor his supporting role in an episode entitled "Memory in White" of CBS'sGeneral Electric Theater.[87]

In 1962, acted in theElvis PresleyfilmKid Galahad.[88]

In 1963, in John Sturges'sThe Great Escape,Bronson was part of an ensemble cast who played World War IIprisoners of war.[89]The film received acclaim. On review aggregatorRotten Tomatoes,the critics consensus reads, "With its impeccably slow-building story and a cast for the ages,The Great Escapeis an all-time action classic. "[90]It grossed $11.7 million (equivalent to $116,440,435 in 2023) at the box office[91]on a budget of $4 million (equivalent to $39,808,696 in 2023).[92]It becameone of the highest-grossing films of 1963.[93]It was nominated for Best Picture at theGolden Globe Awards,[94]and is 19th inAFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills.[95]

Also that year he played a villain inRobert Aldrich's4 for Texas.[96]

On television that year, he co-starred in the seriesEmpire,[97]which lasted one season.[98]Bronson acted in the 1963–64 television season of the ABC Western seriesThe Travels of Jaimie McPheeters.[99]

In 1964, Bronson guest-starred in an episode of the Western TV seriesBonanzanamed "The Underdog".[100]

Bronson inThe Travels of Jaimie McPheeters,1963

In 1965, Bronson acted inGuns of Diablo,a film derived from the television seriesThe Travels of Jaimie McPheeters.[101]Also that year, he acted inKen Annakin's inBattle of the Bulge.[102]

That year in television, in the 1965–1966 season, he guest-starred in an episode ofThe Legend of Jesse James.Bronson was cast as Velasquez, a demolitions expert, in the third-season episode "Heritage" on ABC's WW II dramaCombat!.[103]

In 1966, Bronson played a central character inSydney Pollack'sThis Property Is Condemned,based on aTennessee Williams's play.[104]Elston Brooks of theFort Worth Star-Telegramsaid "Bronson has never been better as the embittered boarder".[105]

Also that year, Bronson acted inVincente Minnelli'sThe Sandpiper.[106]

In 1967, in Robert Aldrich'sThe Dirty Dozen,Bronson was part of an ensemble cast who played GI-prisoners trained for a suicide mission.[107]The Dirty Dozenwas a massive commercial success. In its first five days in New York, the film grossed $103,849 from 2 theatres.[108]Produced on a budget of $5.4 million, it earnedtheatrical rentalsof $7.5 million in its first five weeks from 1,152 bookings and 625 prints, one of the fastest-grossing films at the time.[109]On review aggregatorRotten Tomatoes,the critics consensus reads, "Amoral on the surface and exuding testosterone,The Dirty Dozenutilizes combat and its staggering cast of likeable scoundrels to deliver raucous entertainment. "[110]It is 65th inAFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills.[95]

That year on television, he guest-starred as Ralph Schuyler, an undercover government agent in the episode "The One That Got Away" on ABC'sThe Fugitive.[111]

In 1968, Bronson made a serious name for himself in European films. He was makingVilla Rideswhen approached by the producers ofJean Herman's French filmAdieu l'amilooking for an American co-star forAlain Delon,a fan of Bronson's acting. Bronson's agent Paul Kohner later recalled the producer pitched the actor "on the fact that in the American film industry all the money, all the publicity, goes to the pretty boy hero types. In Europe... the public is attracted by character, not face."[112]Bronson was signed in December 1967. The film was shot in Marseilles and Paris.[113]The film was a massive hit in France, earning around $6 million at the box office. Bronson went on to star in a series of European made movies that were hugely popular.[114]TheTV Guidepraised the chemistry between Delon and Bronson.[115]

Another European success, wasSergio Leone'sSpaghetti WesternOnce Upon a Time in the Westwhere played one of the leads.[116]Bronson had turned down Leone prior to this film for the lead in 1964'sA Fistful of Dollars.[117][118]In Italy, the film sold 8,870,732 tickets.[119]In the United States, it grossed $5,321,508,[120]from3.7 millionticket sales.[121]It sold a further 14,873,804 admissions in France[122]and 13,018,414 admissions in Germany.[123]The film was selected for preservation in the United StatesNational Film Registryby theLibrary of Congressas being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".[124][125]The film is regarded as one of the greatest Westerns of all time andone of the greatest films of all time.[126][127][128][129]Leone called Bronson "the greatest actor I ever worked with".[130]: 123 

Also that year, Bronson acted inHenri Verneuil'sGuns for San Sebastian,[131]andBuzz Kulik'sVilla Rides.[132]He was also set to star inDuck, You Sucker!(1972), but did not work on the project.[133]

1969 to 1973: subsequent success to US breakthrough

In 1969, he was being considered to co-star in99 and 44/100% Dead(1974), while early drafts of the script were being made.[134]

In 1970, Bronson played lead roles in Richard Donner'sLola,[135]Peter Collinson'sYou Can't Win 'Em All,[136]Sergio Sollima'sViolent City,[137]andTerence Young'sCold Sweat.

Also in 1970, Bronson played a lead inRené Clément's French thriller,Rider on the Rain.[138]It was a hit in France as well as the United States and solidified Bronson's rise to international stardom.[31]: 170 Wanda Hale of theDaily Newsgave it four stars and said Bronson is "marvelous as the tough American colonel".[139]It won aGolden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film.[140]

In June 1970, it was announced that he was being considered to star inPapillon(1973), the role that went to Steve McQueen.[141]

In 1971, he acted inNicolas Gessner's French thriller,Someone Behind the Door,alongsideAnthony Perkins.[31]: 324 Also that year, he acted in Terence Young's French-Spanish-Italian Western,Red Sun.[31]: 211 

In 1972,The Valachi Paperswas directed by Terence Young; Bronson playedJoseph Valachi.[142]

That year, this overseas fame earned him a special Golden GlobeHenrietta Awardfor "World Film Favorite – Male" together withSean Connery.[143]

In 1972, Bronson began a string of successful action films forUnited Artists,beginning withMichael Winner'sChato's Land.This would lead Winner and Bronson to work on multiple films together following up withThe Mechanic(1972) andThe Stone Killer(1973).[144]

By 1973, Bronson was considered to be the world's top box office attraction, and commanded $1 million per film.[145]

In 1973, Bronson worked with director John Sturges onChino.[146]AlsoWarner Bros.were trying to convince directorRobert Aldrichto have Bronson play the lead inThe Yakuza.The role went toRobert Mitchum.[147]

In 1974, Bronson's most famous role came at age 52, inDeath Wish,his most popular film, with director Michael Winner.[148]He played Paul Kersey, a successful New York architect who turns into a crime-fightingvigilanteafter his wife is murdered and his daughter sexually assaulted. This movie spawnedfour sequelsover the next two decades, all starring Bronson.[149]Many critics were displeased with the film, considering it an "immoral threat to society" and an encouragement of antisocial behavior.[150][151][152][153]The film was the 20th highest-grossing film in the US that year making 22 millions at the box office.[154]

Also that year, he played the lead inMr. Majestykdirected byRichard Fleischerbased on a book byElmore Leonard.[155]

1975 to 1989: action film star

Bronson asIsraelimilitary officerDan ShomroninRaid on Entebbe,1977

In 1975, Bronson starred in two films directed byTom Gries:Breakout,a box office bonanza which grossed $21 million on a $4.6 million budget, andBreakheart Pass,a Western adapted from a novel byAlistair MacLean,which was a box office disappointment.[156]

In 1975, he starred in the directorial debut ofWalter Hill,Hard Times,playing a Depression-era street fighter making his living in illegal bare-knuckled matches in Louisiana. It earned good reviews.[157]The film was the 29th highest-grossing film in the US that year making 5 millions at the box office.[158]Roger Ebert said it is "a powerful, brutal film containing a definitive Charles Bronson performance."[159]

In 1975, he was one of many actors who were offered the lead inThe Shootist(1976). All turned it down because the character had prostate cancer.[160]

Bronson reached his pinnacle in box-office drawing power in 1975, when he was ranked 4th, behind onlyRobert Redford,Barbra Streisand,andAl Pacino.[161]

In 1976, Bronson did a Western comedy for UA,Frank D. Gilroy'sFrom Noon till Three.[162]Also that year, Bronson madeSt. Ives,his first film with directorJ. Lee Thompson.[163]

In 1977, Bronson acted inIrvin Kershner'sRaid on Entebbe,where he playedDan Shomron.[164]TheNBCtelevision film was based on the true story of theEntebbe raid.[165]It received initially good reviews. Capitalizing on its strongall-star ensemble cast,a film version was released theatrically in the UK and Europe in early 1977.[166]At the Golden Globe Awards it won "Best Television Movie".[167]At the Emmy Awards it was nominated for "Outstanding Special – Drama or Comedy" as well as winning and receiving nominations in other categories.[168]Also that year, he was reunited with Thompson inThe White Buffalo,produced by Dino de Laurentiis for UA.[169]UA also releasedTelefon,directed byDon Siegel.[170]Finally in 1977, Bronson was announced as the star ofRaise the Titanic(1980), but didn't appear in the final product.[171]

In the 1970s, directorIngmar Bergmanwanted to make a film with Bronson but he turned him down finding Bergman's works dull. "Everything is weakness and sickness with Bergman," he said.[172]Bronson auditioned for the role ofSupermanfor the1978 film adaptation,but producerIlya Salkindturned him down for being too earthy and decided to castChristopher Reeve.[173]Another 1978 film he was considered as a lead wasCapricorn One.[174]For the 1981 filmEscape from New York,the studio wanted him to play the role ofSnake Plissken,[175]but directorJohn Carpenterthought he was too tough-looking and too old for the part, and he decided to castKurt Russellinstead.[176]

Bronson went on to make two films for ITC,Love and Bullets(1979) andBorderline(1980). He was reunited with Thompson onCaboblanco(1980).

In 1981, Bronson co-lead withLee MarvininPeter Hunt's adventure filmDeath Hunt.It is a fictionalized account of theRoyal Canadian Mounted Police(RCMP) pursuit of a man namedAlbert Johnson,played by Bronson.[177]InVincent Canby's review forThe New York Times,he recognized that two old pros were at work. "Mr. Bronson and Mr. Marvin are such old hands at this sort of movie that each can create a character with ease, out of thin, cold air."[178]The film grossed $5,000,000 at the US box-office.[179]

Between 1976 and 1994, Bronson commanded high salaries to star in numerous films made by smaller production companies, most notablyCannon Films,for whom some of his last films were made.[31]: 141 

Bronson was paid $1.5 million (equivalent to $4,735,862 in 2023) by Cannon to star inDeath Wish II(1982), directed by Michael Winner.[180]In the story, architect Paul Kersey (Bronson) moves to Los Angeles with his daughter. After she is murdered at the hands of several gang members, Kersey once again becomes a vigilante. Cannon Films promptly hired Bronson for10 to Midnight(1983), in which he played a cop chasing a serial killer. The film marks the fourth collaboration between Bronson and directorJ. Lee Thompson.

ITC Entertainment hired Thompson and Bronson forThe Evil That Men Do(1984). Cannon Films reunited Bronson and Winner forDeath Wish 3(1985). InMurphy's Law(1986), directed by Thompson, Bronson plays Jack Murphy, a hardened, antisocialLAPDdetective who turns to alcohol to numb the pain of harsh reality.

In 1986, he starred inJohn Mackenzie'sAct of Vengeance.[181]Based on a true story, he plays union leaderJoseph Yablonskigoing againstW.A. Boyle(Wilford Brimley). For theHBOtelevision film, Bronson acted against type and said "it's a complete departure for me, I'm not wearing a moustache, and I'm not carrying a gun. I don't perform any violence in this film."[182]He explained since he didn't act for television in a long time, he had to think a lot about it before accepting which he did partly because of his background in mining.[183]For his commitment on this project, Bronson dropped out of a lead role inThe Delta Force(1986).[184]Greg Burliuk of theKingston Whig-Standardand Robert DiMatteo ofThe Advocate-Messengerboth praised Bronson acting against type.[185][186]

Bronson at the 1987Cannes Film Festival

More typical of this period were four Cannon action films:Assassination(1987) directed byPeter R. Hunt,[187]and three with Thompson:Death Wish 4: The Crackdown(1988),[188]Messenger of Death(1989),[189]andKinjite: Forbidden Subjects(1989).[190]

1990 to 1999: final roles to retirement

Bronson declined the role of Curly Washburn inCity Slickers(1991).[191]

In 1991, Bronson acted inThe Indian Runner,directed bySean Penn.StarringDavid MorseandViggo Mortensen,it is generally positively received.[192]Roger Ebertof theChicago Sun-Timessaid that Bronson performance "is a performance of quiet, sure power. After his recent string of brainless revenge thrillers, I wondered if Bronson had sort of given up on acting, and was just going through the motions. Here he is so good it is impossible to think of another actor one would have preferred in his place".[193]

In 1991, Bronson acted inABC's TV movieYes, Virginia, There Is a Santa Claus,directed byCharles Jarrott.It is a fictionalized account on how the widely republishededitorial by the same namewritten in 1897 came to be. In the holiday drama, Bronson playsFrancis Pharcellus Church,a reporter assigned to reply to letter by a young girl, whose family is in despair facing a bleak Christmas.[194]Linda Renaud ofThe Hollywood Reporterwrote that Bronson "cast totally against type, is thoroughly convincing as the distraught newspaperman".[195]

In 1993, Bronson was pairedDana Delanyto lead in theCBStelevision filmDonato and Daughter,directed byRod Holcomb.In it, Bronson plays Delany's father, and are both cops assigned to investigate a serial killer. In Kay Gardella's review published inThe Gazetteshe says "Delany and Bronson work well together. Bronson shows a warmer, more caring side than his usual tough-guy image allows. And Delany, as attractive as ever, is crisp and efficient as cop."[196]

Also that year, he acted against type playing the antagonist inMichael Anderson's television filmThe Sea Wolf,an adaptation of thenovel by the same name,with the lead played byChristopher Reeve.About playing the main villain Bronson had reservations and said "I was a little worried about all of the dialogue. I don't usually do that much talking in movies. And this is a bad guy. A really bad guy."[197]Ray Loynd ofThe Los Angeles Timeswrote that "Bronson playing what's probably his first thinking's man heavy seems right at home."[198]

Bronson's last starring role in a theatrically released film was 1994'sDeath Wish V: The Face of Death.[199]The film received unfavorable reviews, many feeling that film was dull, too gory, with Bronson bored of playing that role again.[200][201][202][203][204][205]

From 1995 to 1999, Bronson acted in a trilogy of TV movies as Commissioner Paul Fein,[206]the patriarch of a family of law enforcers.[207]They wereFamily of Cops(1995),[208]Breach of Faith: A Family of Cops 2(1997),[209]andFamily of Cops 3(1999).[210]

Bronson's health deteriorated in his later years, and he retired from acting after undergoing hip-replacement surgery in August 1998.[15]

Death

Bronson died at age 81 on August 30, 2003, atCedars-Sinai Medical Centerin Los Angeles.

AlthoughpneumoniaandAlzheimer's diseasehave been cited as his cause of death, neither appears on his death certificate, which cites "respiratory failure","metastatic lung cancer ", with, secondarily,"chronic obstructive pulmonary disease"and"congestive cardiomyopathy"as the causes of death.[211]He was interred at Brownsville Cemetery inWest Windsor, Vermont.[212]

Screen persona and technique

Bronson'sstaron theHollywood Walk of Fame

At the time of his death, film criticStephen Huntersaid that Bronson "oozed male life-force, stoic toughness, capability, strength" and "always projected the charisma of ambiguity: Was he an ugly handsome man or a handsome ugly man? You were never sure, so further study was obligatory." Hunter said, "he never became a great actor, but he knew exactly how to dominate a scene quietly." Bronson "was the man with the name ending in a vowel... who never left the position, never complained, never quit, never skulked. He simmered, he sulked, he bristled with class resentments, but he hung in there, got the job done and expected no thanks. His nobility was all the more palpable for never having to be expressed in words."[213]

Bronson told criticRoger Ebertin 1974 that "I'm only a product like a cake of soap, to be sold as well as possible." He said that in the action pictures he was producing at the time, there was not much time for acting. He said: "I supply a presence. There are never any long dialogue scenes to establish a character. He has to be completely established at the beginning of the movie, and ready to work."[10]

DirectorMichael Winnersaid that Bronson did not have to "go into any big thing about what he does or how he does it" because he had a "quality that the motion-picture camera seems to respond to. He has a great strength on the screen, even when he's standing still or in a completely passive role. There is a depth, a mystery – there is always the sense that something will happen."[10]

Partial accolades

  • NomineeEmmy Awards "Outstanding Performance in a Supporting Role by an Actor or Actress in a Series" (1961)[31]: 280 
  • WinnerGolden Globes "World Film Favorite – Male" (1972)[31]: 212 
  • Includedon theHollywood Walk of Fame(1980)[214]

Personal life

Character and personality

Bronson was scarred by his early deprivation and his early struggles as an actor. A 1973 newspaper profile said that he was so shy and introverted he could not watch his own films. Bronson was described as "still suspicious, still holds grudges, still despises interviews, still hates to give anything of himself, still can't believe it has really happened to him." He was embittered that it took so long for him to be recognized in the U.S., and after achieving fame he refused to work for a noted director who had snubbed him years before.[12]

CriticRoger Ebertwrote in 1974 that Bronson does not volunteer information, does not elaborate, and has no theories about his films. He wrote that Bronson threatened to "get"TimemagazinecriticJay Cocks,who had written a negative review he viewed as a personal attack and, unlike other actors who projected violence on film, Bronson seemed violent in person.[10]

Marriages

His first marriage was to Harriet Tendler, whom he met when both were fledgling actors in Philadelphia. They had two children, Suzanne and Tony, before divorcing in 1965.[215]She was 18 years old when she met the 26-year-old Charlie Buchinsky at a Philadelphia acting school in 1947. Two years later, with the grudging consent of her father, a successful, Jewish dairy farmer, Tendler wed Buchinsky, a Catholic and a former coal miner. Tendler supported them both while she and Charlie pursued their acting dreams. On their first date, he had four cents in his pocket — and went on, now as Charles Bronson, to become one of the highest paid actors in the country.[216]

Bronson was married to English actressJill Irelandfrom October 5, 1968,[217]until her death in 1990. He had met her in 1962, when she was married to Scottish actorDavid McCallum.At the time, Bronson (who shared the screen with McCallum inThe Great Escape) reportedly told him, "I'm going to marry your wife". The Bronsons lived in aBel-Airmansion with seven children: two by his previous marriage, three by hers (one of whom was adopted), and two of their own, Zuleika andKatrina,the latter of whom was also adopted.[218]After they married, she often played his leading lady, and they starred in fifteen films together.[219]

To maintain a close family, they would load up everyone and take them to wherever filming was taking place, so that they could all be together. They spent time in a colonial farmhouse on 260 acres (1.1 km2) in West Windsor, Vermont,[212]where Ireland raised horses and provided training for their daughter Zuleika so that she could perform at the higher levels of horse showing.[130]: 130 The family frequentedSnowmass, Colorado,in the 1980s and early 1990s for the winter holidays.[130]: 248 

On May 18, 1990, aged 54,after a long battlewithbreast cancer,Jill Ireland died of the disease at their home inMalibu, California.[220]In the 1991 television filmReason for Living: The Jill Ireland Story,Bronson was portrayed by actorLance Henriksen.[221]On December 27, 1998, Bronson was married for a third time to Kim Weeks, an actress and former employee of Dove Audio who had helped record Ireland in the production of her audiobooks. The couple remained married until Bronson's death in 2003.[222]

Filmography

Main article:Charles Bronson filmography

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  216. ^Bronson, Harriett (2010).Charlie and Me.Timberlake Press.ISBN978-0-9828847-0-6.
  217. ^Charles Bronson Documentary, Biography Channel.
  218. ^Bart, Peter (April 9, 2001)."A visit with the other Prince Charles".Variety.RetrievedJune 17,2020.
  219. ^Stevens, Christopher (2010).Born Brilliant: The Life Of Kenneth Williams.John Murray. pp. 370/1.ISBN978-1-84854-195-5.
  220. ^Yarrow, Andrew L. (May 19, 1990)."Jill Ireland, Actress, 54, Is Dead; Wrote of Her Fight With Cancer".The New York Times.RetrievedOctober 12,2008.
  221. ^Tucker, Ken (May 17, 1991)."Reason for Living: The Jill Ireland Story".Entertainment Weekly.RetrievedJuly 29,2021.
  222. ^Evans, Art (June 23, 2020).World War II Veterans in Hollywood.McFarland.ISBN978-1-4766-3967-3.

Works cited

  • Michael R. Pitts (1999).Charles Bronson: the 95 films and the 156 television appearances.McFarland & Co.ISBN0-7864-0601-1.
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