Charles Rollin Buckalew(December 28, 1821 – May 19, 1899) was an American lawyer, diplomat, andDemocratic Partypolitician fromPennsylvania.He represented the state for one term in theUnited States Senate,where he was an advocate forproportional representationandcumulative voting,from 1863 to 1869.
Charles R. Buckalew | |
|---|---|
 Buckalewc. 1860–1865 | |
| United States Senator fromPennsylvania | |
| In office March 4, 1863 – March 4, 1869 | |
| Preceded by | David Wilmot |
| Succeeded by | John Scott |
| United States Minister Resident in Ecuador | |
| In office September 20, 1858 – July 10, 1861 | |
| President | James Buchanan Abraham Lincoln |
| Preceded by | Philo White |
| Succeeded by | Frederick Hassaurek |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives fromPennsylvania | |
| In office March 4, 1887 – March 3, 1891 | |
| Preceded by | John B. Storm |
| Succeeded by | Simon P. Wolverton |
| Constituency | 11th district(1887–1889) 17th district(1889–1891) |
| Member of thePennsylvania Senate | |
| In office 1851–1854 | |
| Preceded by | Robert Chambers Sterrett |
| Succeeded by | Bartram A. Schaffer |
| Constituency | 16th district |
| In office 1857–1858 | |
| Preceded by | Samuel Wherry |
| Succeeded by | Henry Fetter |
| Constituency | 13th district |
| In office 1869–1870 | |
| Preceded by | David Mumma |
| Succeeded by | Butler B. Strang |
| Constituency | 16th district |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Charles Rollin Buckalew December 28, 1821 Fishing Creek Township, Pennsylvania,U.S. |
| Died | May 19, 1899(aged 77) Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania,U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse | Permelia Wadsworth Buckalew |
| Profession | Politician,Lawyer |
Buckalew also served three nonconsecutive terms in thePennsylvania Senate(1851–1854, 1859–1860, and 1869–1870) and two consecutive terms in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1887 to 1891. He served asMinister Resident for Ecuadorunder PresidentJames Buchananfrom 1858 to 1861.
Early life and education
editBuckalew was born inFishing Creek Township, Pennsylvaniaon December 28, 1821, to John McKinney Sr. and Martha Funston Buckalew. He was a graduate of Harford Academy,Susquehanna County,Pennsylvania, where he studiedlaw.He was admitted to the bar in 1843.[1]
Career
editBuckalew was the most influential early advocate ofproportional representationin the United States. His proposals for a type of voting system known ascumulative votinggained significant support in Congress, and he played a central role in the adoption of cumulative voting in several places, including Illinois for state legislative elections in 1870, a system that lasted in that state until 1980.
Buckalew waselectedby thePennsylvania General Assemblyto the U.S. Senate in 1863. In a number of speeches, notably in the Senate on July 11, 1867; at a large public meeting in Philadelphia in November of the same year; before the Social Science Association at Philadelphia in October 1870; and in the Senate of Pennsylvania on March 27, 1871; as well as in the report of the Select Committee on Representative Reform of the United States Senate, of which be was chairman, Buckalew argued persuasively for the use of cumulative voting in the election of representatives in Congress, state legislatures, town councils and other bodies.[2]
Buckalew's bill in the Senate would have allowed all the electors of a state to have the number of votes equal to the number of house of representatives members to be elected from that state. The voter could give all his votes to one candidate, or distribute them in any fashion, equally or unequally, among candidates. The candidates with the highest number of votes would be elected.[3]
In addition to serving in Congress and the Pennsylvania state legislature, Buckalew was commissioner to exchange ratifications of a treaty withParaguayin 1854; chairman of the Democratic State committee in 1857; appointed one of the commissioners to revise the penal code of Pennsylvania in 1857; Minister Resident to the Republic ofEcuador1858–1861;[4]unsuccessful candidate for governor of Pennsylvania in 1872; and a delegate to the Pennsylvania constitutional convention of 1873.
He resumed the practice of law when he left Congress in 1891, age 69, in Bloomsburg, Columbia County, where he died on May 19, 1899. He is interred in Rosemont Cemetery in Bloomsburg.[1]
Buckalew's writings and speeches on cumulative voting were collected in an 1872 book titledProportional Representation.1872, Philadelphia, J. Campbell & Son.
References and notes
edit- ^ab"Pennsylvania State Senate - Charles Rollins Buckalew Biography".www.legis.state.pa.us.Retrieved13 October2019.
- ^Hoag, Clarence Gilbert and George Hervey Hallett,Proportional Representation.New York: The MacMillan Company, 1926. CHAPTER IX, THE HISTORY OF PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE UNITED STATESArchived2008-05-12 at theWayback Machine
- ^Senate Bill 772, 40th Cong., 3d Sess., January 13, 1869
- ^Sauers, Richard A. (2012).The Fishing Creek Confederacy: A Story of Civil War Draft Resistance.Columbia and London: University of Missouri Press. p. 14.ISBN978-0-8262-1988-6.Retrieved18 October2019.
External links
edit
Media related toCharles R. Buckalewat Wikimedia Commons
- United States Congress."Charles R. Buckalew (id: B001019)".Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.Retrieved on 2009-04-01
- "Charles R. Buckalew".Find a Grave.Retrieved2009-04-01.
- Proportional Representation,by Charles R. Buckalewat the University of MichiganMaking of Americaonline library