Wikipedia

Chess.com

Chess.comis aninternet chess serverandsocial networking website.[3]One of the largest chess platforms in the world,[4]the site has afreemiummodel in which some features are available for free, and others are available for accounts with subscriptions. Liveonline chesscan be played against other users indaily,rapid,blitzorbullettime controls,with a number ofchess variantsavailable. Chess versus achess engine,computer analysis,chess puzzlesand teaching resources are offered.

Chess.com, LLC
Chess.com homepage
Type of businessInternet chess server,Social media website
Type of site
Internet chess server
Available in57 languages
List of languages
Afrikaans, Albanian, Arabic, Armenian, Azerbaijani, Bengali, Belarusian, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Catalan, Chinese, Chinese (Hong Kong), Chinese (Taiwan), Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Estonian, Filipino, Finnish, Flemish, French, Galician, Georgian, German, Greek, Hebrew, Hindi, Hungarian, Icelandic, Indonesian, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Latvian, Lithuanian, Malay, Norwegian, Persian, Polish, Portuguese, Portuguese (Brazil), Romanian, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovenian, Spanish, Swahili, Swedish, Tagalog, Turkish, Turkmen, Ukrainian, Uzbek, Vietnamese
FoundedMay 2007;17 years ago(2007-05)
Headquarters
United States
Founder(s)
  • Erik Allebest
  • Jay Severson
Key people
  • Erik Allebest (CEO)
  • Jay Severson (chief technical advisor)
  • Daniel Rensch(chief chess officer)
  • Brenan Klain (chief marketing officer)
IndustryInternet
Employees650+[1]
URLwww.chess.comEdit this at Wikidata
RegistrationOptional
Users150 million+
Current statusActive
Written inJava,[2]JavaScript,PHP

Chess.com said it reached 100 million users on December 16, 2022,[5]and has about 11 million daily active users as of April 2023.[6]Chess.com has hosted online tournaments including Titled Tuesdays, thePRO Chess League,the Speed Chess Championships,PogChamps,Online Chess Olympiads andcomputer vs. computerevents.

History

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Founding

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The domain Chess.com was set up in 1995 by Aficionado, a company based inBerkeley, California,to sellChess Mentor,a chess-tutoring app.[7]In 2005, Internet entrepreneur Erik Allebest and partner Jarom "Jay" Severson, who met as undergraduate students atBrigham Young University,bought the domain name and assembled a team of software developers to redevelop the site as a chess portal.[8]The site was relaunched in 2007 with heavy campaigning and promotion onsocial media.[3]

Two years later, Chess.com acquired a similar chess social networking site, chesspark.com.[9]In October 2013, it acquired theAmsterdam-based chessvibes.com,[10]a chess news site founded and operated by Dutch chess journalist Peter Doggers. Chessvibes continued to cover chess tournaments in a digital setting.[11][12]

Growth in the 2010s

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In 2014, the site announced that over a billion live games had been played on the site, including 100 million correspondence games.[13]In January 2016, Chess.com announced a two-year overhaul of its "v3" interface.[14]The site introduced features including computer analysis of games, and thechess variantsofcrazyhouse,three-check chess,king of the hill,chess960,atomic andbughouse.[14]In June 2017, the2,147,483,647th(231-1) game was played. This caused the app to stop working on 32-bitApple iOS devicesbecause the number wastoo largeto be represented in device storage.[15][16]

In May 2018, Chess.com acquired the commercial chess engineKomodo,which held anElo ratingof 3300+, third behindStockfishandHoudini.[17]The Komodo team also announced the addition of the probabilistic method ofMonte Carlo tree searchmachine learning, the same methods used by the recent chess projectsAlphaZeroandLeela Chess Zero.[18]

In November 2020, Chess.com acquired the rights to broadcast theWorld Chess Championship 2021,which is broadcast on live-streaming platformTwitch.[19]

Response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine

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In response to the2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine,Chess.com published two articles that were critical of the invasion and replaced Russian and Belarusian flags with grey flags that linked to these articles. In retaliation, Chess.com was blocked in Russia. The site blockedSergey Karjakin,Russian (formerly Ukrainian) grandmaster, over his support for the invasion, and Karjakin in turn supported Russia's block of the website.[20][21][22][23]

Chess cheating controversy

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Main article:Carlsen–Niemann controversy

In September 2022, Chess.com was caught in a controversy regardingcheating in professional chess games.Acontroversyerupted with accusations by grandmasterMagnus CarlsenagainstHans Niemann.[24][25]Leaked emails revealed that some people cheated on the Chess.com platform in games involving prize money and that Chess.com removed some players' accounts, including grandmasterMaxim Dlugy,who had been found to be cheating.[26]In August 2023, aUS District Courtjudge dismissed the lawsuit filed by Niemann.[27]

Chess.com Global Championship

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In November 2022, The Chess.com Global Championship was inaugurated with a $1,000,000 prize pool.[28]8 players that advanced from the CGC Knockout competed for a $500,000 total prize fund and Global Champion title in the finals taking place inToronto, Canada.Wesley Sobecame the first Chess.com Global Champion, defeatingNihal Sarinin the finals with a match score of 4.5–1.5.[29]

Torch
Original author(s)Finn Eggers, Andrew Grant, Jay Honnold, Kim Kåhre, Dietrich Kappe, Michael Whiteley[30]
Developer(s)Chess.com
TypeChess engine
Websitewww.chess.com

Torch

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Torchis aclosed-sourcechess engine created by Chess.com.[30][31]Torch has finished second in severalChess.com Computer Chess Championshipevents, only behindStockfishin each case.[32]It initially participated in the tournament under the name "Mystery".[31][33]It is freely useable through Chess.com's analysis page.[34]It has also been tested by somechess engine rating lists.[35][36]

The team behind Torch is composed of Andrew Grant (author ofEthereal), Finn Eggers and Kim Kåhre (authors ofKoivisto), Jay Honnold (author ofBerserk), and Michael Whiteley and Dietrich Kappe (current authors ofDragon).[30]The former authors of Dragon, Mark Lefler andLarry Kaufman,are advisors on this project.[31]The development of Torch is supported by many open-source tools, including pytorch-nnue, Cutechess, and OpenBench.[30][31]Torch developers have stated that the entire source code of Torch is original, with no code being used from any other engine.[30][31]

Subsidiary companies

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ChessKid.com

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For the Australian company, seeChess Kids.

Chess.com runs the subsidiary site ChessKid.com for chess players that are under the minimum age requirement for Chess.com.[37]

ChessKid.com has run a yearly online championship called CONIC (the ChessKid Online National Invitational Championship), since 2012 which is recognized by theUnited States Chess Federation.[38][39]According to David Petty, the event organizer in 2013, ChessKid has made agreements and partnerships with chess associations in schools. In 2014, for a trial period.[37]They have a long-term partnership with the NTCA (North Texas Chess Academy) which gives children access to online instructors.[40]

Play Magnus Group

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In August 2022, thePlay Magnus Groupaccepted an offer to be acquired by Chess.com at a value of 800 millionkr(US$80 million). The Play Magnus Group owns brands and businesses including the chess serverchess24,the mobile appPlay Magnus,the Champions Chess Tour, and the chess improvement website Chessable. On December 16, 2022, the acquisition was officially closed.[41][42]According toDot Esports,the Play Magnus Group was unable to make a "sustainable profit" on anything but Chessable, and the merge left "no other realistic chess competitor" except the free, open-sourceLichess.[43]

Tournaments and events

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Speed Chess Championship

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Chess.com has held the Speed Chess Championship annually since 2016, involving a single-elimination tournament featuring some of the world's best players. Nakamura has won five championships, while Carlsen has won four.[44]

Tournament formula

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The most important elements of the tournament formula:[45]

  • 16-player single-elimination bracket
  • Matches consist of three segments: 90 minutes of 5+1, 60 minutes of 3+1, and 30 minutes of 1+1.
  • The player with the most cumulative points at the end of the match wins.
  • Games that start before the time for a segment runs out count toward the final score.
  • Players can resign from the match within the last 10 minutes of the 1+1 segment, with the player's win percentage being capped at 35%.
  • In case of equal number of points – tiebreaks:
    • A four-game 1+1 match.
    • A single bidding armageddon game with a base time of 5 minutes.

Winners of Speed Chess Championships

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No Year Winner Runner-up Final score Prize fund
1 2016[46] Magnus Carlsen Hikaru Nakamura 14.5–10.5 $40,000
2 2017[47] Magnus Carlsen Hikaru Nakamura 18–9 $50,000
3 2018[48] Hikaru Nakamura Wesley So 15.5–12.5 $55,000
4 2019[49] Hikaru Nakamura Wesley So 19.5–14.5 $50,000
5 2020[50] Hikaru Nakamura Maxime Vachier-Lagrave 18.5–12.5 $100,000
6 2021[51] Hikaru Nakamura Wesley So 23–8 $100,000
7 2022[52] Hikaru Nakamura Magnus Carlsen 14.5–13.5 $100,000
8 2023[53] Magnus Carlsen Hikaru Nakamura 13.5–12.5 $150,000
9 2024[54] Magnus Carlsen Alireza Firouzja 23.5-7.5 $175,000

Daily Chess Championships

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Tournament formula

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The tournament starts on January 1 and, depending on the number of participants, consists of 4 or 5 rounds.[a]All players are divided into groups (up to 12 people[b]), and only the winners advance to the next round.[c]Players play in each round a maximum of 22 games simultaneously (with each opponent as White and Black), with a maximum of one day allocated for each move. So it can be considered a form ofcorrespondence chess.The winner of the Championship is the player who accumulates the most points in the final round.

Winners of Daily Chess Championships

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No Year Gold Silver Bronze Number of players
1 2018[55] Jbd735 USARob King RUSAlexey Zimin 7344
2 2019[56] GERSascha Grimm Jbd735 NEDDaan Brandenburg 11609
3 2020[57] DENUffe Vinther-Schou RUSAndrei Belozerov TURIrmak Sipahioglu 16831
4 2021[58] DENUffe Vinther-Schou RUSAndrei Belozerov UKRLeonid Starozhilov
POLMarcin Szymański 		16505
5 2022[59] USANefariousNebula RUSAndrei Belozerov USAvolunteers1998 33633
6 2023[60] POLMarcin Szymański RUSDanilinDP POLKacper Drozdowski 35000
7 2024[61] ? ? ? 60466
Italic font - only usernames available on the chess.com platform.

PRO Chess League

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Winners of PRO Chess League

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No Year Winner Runner-up Final score
1 2017[62] St. Louis Arch Bishops Norway Gnomes 9–7
2 2018[63] Armenia Eagles Chengdu Pandas 12–11
3 2019[64] St. Louis Arch Bishops Baden-Baden Snowballs 10–6
4 2020[65] St. Louis Arch Bishops Canada Chessbrahs/Chengde Panda 9.5-6.5
5 2021[66] Russia Wizards St. Louis Arch Bishops 9–7
6 2023[67] Gotham Knights Shanghai Tigers 9.5-6.5

Titled Tuesdays

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Titled Tuesday is an 11-roundSwiss-system3+1blitz chesstournament held twice every Tuesday where all entrants must have achess titleand their full legal name displayed on their Chess.com account.[68]The event started as a monthly 9 round tournament. The first edition was held on October 28, 2014 with a total prize fund of $1000, including $500 for first place, and was won byBaadur Jobava.[69]It became a weekly event on April 7, 2020, permanently became 11 rounds on October 20, 2020, and on February 1, 2022, the prize fund went from $1600 to $2500, with $1000 for first place, and two events began to be held every week instead of one.[70]As of August 28, 2024, GMHikaru Nakamurahas the most tournament wins since October 2020 with 77, followed by GMMagnus Carlsenwith 20, and GMDmitry Andreikinwith 17. Other super grandmaster winners includeMaxime Vachier-Lagrave,Alexander Grischuk,Alireza Firouzja,Wesley So,Ian Nepomniachtchi,andFabiano Caruana.[68]

In June 2018, Chess.com held a special version of the tournament for which the winner would go on to participate in the Isle of Man International which had a prize fund of £144,000.[71]Iranian GMPouria Dariniwon the event.[72]

Death Matches

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Death Matches were introduced in January 2012. They featuretitledplayers taking part in a series of blitz games over a non-stop 3-hour period (5-minute, 3-minute and 1-minute, all with a one-second increment).[73]There have been 38 deathmatches, participants including the grandmastersHikaru Nakamura,Dmitry Andreikin,Maxime Vachier-Lagrave,Lê Quang Liêm,Wesley So,Fabiano Caruana,Judit PolgárandNigel Short.[74]

Chess.com Computer Chess Championship

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In November 2017, Chess.com held an open tournament, called theChess.com Computer Chess Championship(CCCC, later CCC), with the ten strongest chess engines, with $2,500 in prize money. The top-two engines competed in a "Superfinal" tournament between the two finalists –StockfishandHoudini.In the 20-game Superfinal, Stockfish won over Houdini with a score 10.5–9.5. Five games were decisive, with 15 ending in a draw. Of the decisive games, three games were won by Stockfish, and two by Houdini.[75][76]

In August 2018, the site announced that the Chess.com Computer Chess Championship has returned, this time as a non-stop tournament for chess engines.[77][78]

Main events
Event Year Time controls Winner Runner-up Ref
Computer Chess Championship 2017 15+2 Stockfish(1) Houdini [76][75]
CCC 1: Rapid Rumble 2018 15+5 Stockfish(2) Houdini [79]
CCC 2: Blitz Battle 2018 5+2 Stockfish(3) Komodo [80]
CCC 3: Rapid Redux 2019 30+5 Stockfish(4) Leela Chess Zero [81]
CCC 4: Bullet Brawl 2019 1+2 Stockfish(5) Leela Chess Zero [82]
CCC 5: Escalation 2019 10+5 Stockfish(6) Leela Chess Zero [83]
CCC 6: Winter Classic 2019 10+10 Stockfish(7) Leela Chess Zero [84]
CCC 7: Blitz Bonanza 2019 5+2 Leela Chess Zero(1) Stockfish [85]
CCC 8: Deep Dive 2019 15+5 Stockfish(8) Leela Chess Zero [86]
CCC 9: The Gauntlet 2019 5+2, 10+5 Stockfish(9) Leelenstein [87]
CCC 10: Double Digits 2019 10+3 Leelenstein (1) Stockfish [88]
CCC 11 2019 30+5 Leela Chess Zero(2) Stockfish [89]
CCC 12: Bullet Madness! 2020 1+1 Leela Chess Zero(3) Leelenstein [90]
CCC 13: Heptagonal 2020 5+5 Leela Chess Zero(4) Stockfish [91]
CCC 14 2020 15+5, 5+2, 1+1 Leela Chess Zero(5) Leelenstein [92]
CCC Blitz 2020 2020 5+5 Stockfish(10) Leela Chess Zero [93]
CCC Rapid 2021 2021 15+3 Stockfish(11) Leela Chess Zero [94]
CCC Blitz 2021 2021 5+5 Stockfish(12) Leela Chess Zero [95]
CCC Chess 960 Blitz 2021 5+5 Stockfish(13) Dragon [96]
CCC 16: Rapid 2021 15+3 Stockfish(14) Leela Chess Zero [97]
CCC 16: Bullet 2021 2+1 Stockfish(15) Dragon [98]
CCC 16: Blitz 2022 5+5 Stockfish(16) Dragon [99]
CCC 17: Rapid 2022 15+3 Stockfish(17) Dragon [100]
CCC 17: Bullet 2022 2+1 Stockfish(18) Dragon [101]
CCC 17: Blitz 2022 5+5 Stockfish(19) Leela Chess Zero [102]
CCC 18: Rapid 2022 15+3 Stockfish(20) Leela Chess Zero [103]
CCC 19: Blitz 2022 5+5 Stockfish(21) Dragon [104]
CCC 19: Rapid 2022 15+3 Stockfish(22) Leela Chess Zero [105]
CCC 19: Bullet 2023 1+1 Stockfish(23) Dragon [106]
CCC 20: Blitz 2023 3+2 Stockfish(24) Dragon [107]
CCC 20: Rapid 2023 10+3 Stockfish(25) Leela Chess Zero [108]
CCC 20: Bullet 2023 1+1 Stockfish(26) Torch [109]
CCC 21: Blitz 2023 3+2 Stockfish(27) Torch [110]
CCC 21: Rapid 2023 10+3 Stockfish(28) Leela Chess Zero [111]
CCC 21: Bullet 2023 1+1 Stockfish(29) Torch [112]
CCC 22: Blitz 2024 3+2 Stockfish(30) Torch [113]
CCC 22: Rapid 2024 10+3 Stockfish(31) Leela Chess Zero [114]
CCC 22: Bullet 2024 1+1 Stockfish(32) Torch [115]
CCC 23: Blitz 2024 3+2 Stockfish(33) Torch [116]
CCC 23: Rapid 2024 10+3 Stockfish(34) Leela Chess Zero [117]
Bonus
Event Year Time Controls Winner Runner-up Ref
CPU Blitz Madness 2020 3+2 Stockfish an older version ofStockfish [118]
Trillion-Node Throwdown III 2020 150+5 Stockfish Leela Chess Zeroon the CPU [119]
No-Castle II 2020 5+2 Stockfish an older version ofStockfish [120]
Bullet Chess is Fun 2020 2+1 Stockfish Leela Chess Zero [121]
Checkmate in 4 2020 3+2 Stockfish Leela Chess Zero [122]
Odds Ladder 2020 3+2 Stockfish Leela Chess Zero [123]
Merry Queen Sac 2020 2+1 Stockfish Stoofvlees [124]
Budapest Bullet 2020 2+1 Leela Chess Zero Stockfish [125]
King Gambit Madness 2021 5+5 Stockfish Leela Chess Zero [126]
Drawkiller Update Party 2021 2+1 Stockfish Leela Chess Zero [127]
To Castle Or Not To Castle II 2021 3+2 Stockfish Leela Chess Zero [128]
Eco Mega-Match 2 (part 1) 2021 1+1 Stockfish Leela Chess Zero [129]
Eco Mega-Match 2 (part 2) 2021 1+1 Stockfish Leela Chess Zero [130]
Caro-Kann Special 2021 5+2 Stockfish Leela Chess Zero [131]
King's Indian Defense Special 2021 10+2 Leela Chess Zero Stockfish [132]
Dutch Defense Special 2021 10+2 Stockfish Leela Chess Zero [133]
Evans Gambit Madness 2021 10+2 Leela Chess Zero Stockfish [134]
Sicilian Najdorf Special 2021 10+2 Stockfish Dragon [135]
Belgian Stew 2021 2+1 Stockfish Leela Chess Zero [136]
Saragossa 2021 2+1 Leela Chess Zero Stockfish [137]
Double Bongcloud, Rapid 2021 10+2 Leela Chess Zero Stockfish [138]
The Hillbilly Attack 2021 10+2 Leela Chess Zero Dragon [139]
Romantic Openings: Danish Gambit Accepted 2021 3+2 Stockfish Dragon [140]
Romantic Openings: Evans Gambit Accepted 2021 3+2 Stockfish Leela Chess Zero [141]
Romantic Openings: Urusov Gambit Accepted 2021 5+2 Stockfish Dragon [142]
Romantic Openings: Blackmar-Diemer Gambit 2021 5+2 Stockfish Dragon [143]
Romantic Openings: Stafford Gambit 2021 1+2 Leela Chess Zero Stockfish [144]
Romantic Openings: Calabrese Countergambit 2021 5+2 Stockfish Leela Chess Zero [145]
Romantic Openings: Traxler Counterattack 2021 5+2 Leela Chess Zero Stockfish [146]
No Black Castling 2022 5+5 Stockfish Dragon [147]
Draw Killer 2022 15+5 Stockfish Leela Chess Zero [148]
Romantic Openings: Wing Gambit 2022 5+2 Stockfish Leela Chess Zero [149]
Chess 324 Bonus 2022 5+2 Stockfish Dragon [150]
Classical Cup #1 2023 30+5 Stockfish Leela Chess Zero [151]
Rating Brawl: Fall 2023 2023 1+1 Stockfish Torch [152]

PogChamps

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Main article:PogChamps

Chess.com has hosted PogChamps, an amateur online tournament featuringTwitchstreamers, since 2020. The first PogChamps featured streamers includingxQcOW,MoistCr1TiKaL,Ludwig Ahgren,andforsen.New participants from PogChamps 2 includeditsHafuandHafþór Júlíus Björnsson.[153]PogChamps 3, beginning in February 2021, debuted with a wider range of Internet personalities and celebrities, with new competitors includingMrBeast,Neekolul,Myth,Pokimane,actorRainn Wilson,and rapperLogic.[154]

Coaches

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Chess.com provides an extensive feature for connecting withprofessional chess coaches.[155]Users can search for coaches atChess.com Coaches Club[156]based on rating, language, and availability, and view detailed profiles that include teaching styles, experience, and rates. Coaches include top players like:José Eduardo Martínez Alcántara,[157]Raunak Sadhwani,[158]andBenjamin Bok.[159]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^Since 2020, due to the steadily growing number of players, a 5-round format is necessary.
  2. ^If the number of all players in a given round is not divisible by 12, smaller groups are created. In case all groups cannot be of the same size, players with the highest rankings go to smaller groups.
  3. ^In case of equal points, all winners in the group advance.

References

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