Achess piece,orchessman,is a game piece that is placed on achessboardto play the game ofchess.It can be eitherwhite or black,and it can be one of six types:king,queen,rook,bishop,knight,orpawn.
Left to right:pawn, rook, knight, bishop, queen, king
Chess setsgenerally come with sixteen pieces of each color. Additional pieces, usually an extra queen per color, may be provided for use inpromotion.
Number
edit  | King |
|---|---|
  | Queen |
  | Rook |
  | Bishop |
  | Knight |
  | Pawn |
Each player begins with sixteen pieces (but see thesubsection belowfor other usage of the termpiece). The pieces that belong to each player are distinguished by color: the lighter colored pieces are referred to as "white" and the player that controls them as "White", whereas the darker colored pieces are referred to as "black" and the player that controls them as "Black".
In a standard game, each of the two players begins with the following sixteen pieces:
Definitions
editThe word "piece" has three meanings, depending on the context.[1]
- It may mean any of the physical pieces of the set, including the pawns. When used this way, "piece" is synonymous with "chessman" or simply "man".[2][3]Chess setshave been made in a variety of styles, sometimes for decorative or artistic purposes rather than practical play, but theStaunton patternis standard for competition.
- In play, the term is usually used to exclude pawns, referring only to a queen, rook, bishop, knight, or king. In this context, the pieces can be broken down into three groups:major pieces(queen and rooks),minor pieces(bishops and knights), and the king.[4]
- In phrases such as "winning a piece", "losing a piece" or "sacrificing a piece" and other related contexts, it refers only to minor pieces (bishops or knights). By convention, the queen, rooks, and pawns are specified by name in these cases – for example, "winning a queen", "losing a rook", or "sacrificing a pawn".[5]
Moves
edit| a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | ||
| 8 |              | 8 | |||||||
| 7 | 7 | ||||||||
| 6 | 6 | ||||||||
| 5 | 5 | ||||||||
| 4 | 4 | ||||||||
| 3 | 3 | ||||||||
| 2 | 2 | ||||||||
| 1 | 1 | ||||||||
| a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | ||
Therules of chessprescribe the moves each type of chess piece can make. During play, the players take turns moving their own chess pieces.
- Therookmay move any number of squares vertically or horizontally without jumping. It also takes part, along with the king, incastling.
- Thebishopmay move any number of squares diagonally without jumping. Consequently, a bishop stays on squares of the same color throughout the game.
- Thequeenmay move any number of squares vertically, horizontally, or diagonally without jumping.
- Thekingmay move to any adjoining square. No move may be made such that the king is placed or left incheck.The king may participate in castling, which is a move consisting of the king moving two squares toward a same-colored rook on the same rank and the rook moving to the square crossed by the king. Castling may only be performed if the king and rook involved are unmoved, if the king is not in check, if the king would not travel through or into check, and if there are no pieces between the rook and the king.
- Theknightmoves from one corner of any two-by-three rectangle to the opposite corner. (This can be thought of as moving two squares horizontally then one square vertically, or moving one square horizontally then two squares vertically—i.e. in an "L" pattern.) Consequently, the knight alternates its square color each time it moves. It is not obstructed by other pieces.
- Thepawnmay move forward one square, and one or two squares when on its starting square, toward the opponent's side of the board. When there is an enemy piece one square diagonally ahead of a pawn, then the pawn may capture that piece. A pawn can perform a special type of capture of an enemy pawn calleden passant( "in passing" ), wherein it captures a horizontally adjacent enemy pawn that has just advanced two squares as if that pawn had only advanced one square. If the pawn reaches a square on theback rankof the opponent, itpromotesto the player's choice of a queen, rook, bishop, or knight of the same color.[6]
Pieces other than pawns capture in the same way that they move. A capturing piece replaces the opponent piece on its square, except for anen passantcapture by a pawn. Captured pieces are immediately removed from the game. A square may hold only one piece at any given time. Except for castling and the knight's move, no piece may jump over another piece.[7]
Relative value
editThe value assigned to a piece attempts to represent the potential strength of the piece in the game. As the game develops, the relative values of the pieces will also change. For example, in anopen game,bishops are relatively more valuable; they can bepositionedto control long, open diagonal spaces. In aclosed gamewith lines of protected pawns blocking bishops, knights usually become relatively more potent. Similar ideas apply to placing rooks onopen filesand knights on active,central squares.The standard valuation is one point for a pawn, three points for a knight or bishop, five points for a rook, and nine points for a queen.[8]These values are reliable in endgames, particularly with a limited number of pieces. But these values can change depending on the position or the phase of the game (opening, middle game, or ending). Abishop pairfor example, is worth an additional half-pawn on average.[9]In specific circumstances, the values may be quite different: sometimes a knight can be more valuable than a queen if a particular angle is required for a mating attack, such as certainsmothered mates.The humble pawn becomes more and more valuable the closer it is to securing a queen promotion for another example.
History
editChess evolved over time from its earliest versions in India and Persia to variants that spread both West and East. Pieces changed names and rules as well; the most notable changes was the Vizir (or Firz) becoming the Queen, and the Elephant becoming the Bishop in European versions of chess. The movement patterns for Queens and Bishops also changed, with the earliest rules restricting elephants to just two squares along a diagonal, but allowing them to "jump" (seen in the fairy chess piece thealfil); and the earliest versions of queens could only move a single square diagonally (the fairy chess pieceFerz). The modern bishop's movement was popularized in the 14th and 15th centuries, and the modern queen was popularized in the 15th and 16th centuries, with versions with the more powerful modern queen eclipsing older variants.
- Sample Medieval chess pieces
-
A pawn of quartz from 10th–11th century (Fatimid Egypt?). Islamic chess sets favored abstract designs. -
A knight made around 1250 in London, England. The knight is battling a dragon. -
An elephant from the 11th–12th century Islamic Western Mediterranean (possiblyNasrid Granada?). It bears similarities to aBishop's miter,perhaps explaining the eventual terminology shift. -
A 12th century warder (modern rook) made of whale ivory of Scandinavian origin, similar to the famousLewis chessmen. -
A 13th century Queen astride a horse with attendants, of Scandinavian origin. The Queen replaced the Persian Vizier in European chess. -
An 8th–10th century King (Shah) carved of jet. In the Islamic style, it is an abstract representation, decorated with dot-and-circle devices.
Names
edit
The characters implied by pieces' names vary between languages. For example, in many languages, the piece known in English as the "knight" frequently translates as "horse", and the English "bishop" frequently translates as "elephant" in language areas that adapted the modern bishop's movement pattern, but not its new name.[10]
| Language | King | Queen | Rook | Bishop | Knight | Pawn | Chess | Check | Checkmate/Mate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| figure | ♔ ♚ | ♕ ♛ | ♖ ♜ | ♗ ♝ | ♘ ♞ | ♙ ♟ | n/a | +or† | #or++or‡ |
| Afrikaans | KKoning king |
DDame lady |
TToring tower |
LLoper runner |
RRuiter rider |
(P)Pion |
Skaak | Skaak | Skaakmat |
| Albanian | MMbreti king |
DDama / Mbretëresha lady/queen |
TTorra tower |
FFili / Oficeri elephant/officer |
KKali horse |
(U)Ushtari soldier |
Shahu | Shah | Shah mat |
| Arabic | ممَلِك (malik) king |
ووزير (wazïr) vizier |
ررخ / طابية (rukhkh / ṭābiya) fortress/castle |
ففيل (fīl) elephant |
ححصان (ħiṣān) horse |
ببيدق / عسكري (baidaq / `askarī) pawn/soldier |
شطرنج(shaṭranj) | كِش مَلِك (kish malik) | كِش مات (kish māt) |
| Azerbaijani | ŞŞah shah |
VVəzir vizier |
TTop cannon |
FFil elephant |
AAt horse |
PPiyada foot soldier |
Şahmat | şah shah |
mat mat |
| Armenian | ԱԱրքա (Ark῾a) king |
ԹԹագուհի (T῾agowhi) queen |
ՆՆավակ (Navak) ship |
ՓՓիղ (P῾ił) elephant |
ՁՁի (Dzi) horse |
ԶԶինվոր (Zinvor) soldier |
Շախմատ(Šaxmat) Ճատրակ (Čatrak) |
Շախ (Šax) | Մատ (Mat) |
| Basque | EErregea king |
DDama lady |
GGaztelua castle |
AAlfila |
ZZalduna knight |
(P)Peoia pawn |
Xake | Xake | Xake mate |
| Belarusian(Taraškievica) | Ккароль king |
Взвізыр vizier |
Лдладзьдзя boat |
Аафіцэр officer |
Ввершнік rider |
(Л)латнік pawn |
Шахматы | Шах | Мат |
| Bengali | Rরাজা (rājā) King |
Mমন্ত্রী (montri) Minister |
Nনৌকা (noukā) Boat |
Hগজ / হাতি (gôj / hāti) Elephant |
Gঘোড়া (ghoṛā) Horse |
Bবোড়ে / সৈন্য (boṛe / śoinno) Walker/Troop |
দাবা(dābā) | কিস্তি (kisti) Check |
কিস্তিমাত (kistimāt) Checkmate |
| Bulgarian | Ццар tsar |
Ддама / царица lady/tsaritsa |
Ттоп cannon |
Оофицер officer |
Ккон horse |
(П)пешка foot soldier |
Шахмат/ Шах | Шах | (Шах и) мат |
| Catalan | Rrei |
Ddama / reina lady/queen |
Ttorre tower |
Aalfil |
Ccavall horse |
(P)peó |
Escacs | Escac / Xec | Escac i mat |
| Chinese | KVương(wáng) king |
QHậu(hòu) queen |
RXa(jū) chariot |
BTượng(xiàng) elephant |
NMã(mǎ) horse |
(P)Binh(bīng) soldier |
Quốc tế tượng kỳ(guójì xiàngqí) international chess |
Tương quân(jiāngjūn) |
Tương tử(jiāng sǐ) |
| Czech | Kkrál king |
Ddáma lady |
Vvěž tower |
Sstřelec shooter |
Jjezdec rider |
(P)pěšec foot soldier |
Šachy | Šach | Mat |
| Danish | Kkonge king |
Ddronning queen |
Ttårn tower |
Lløber runner |
Sspringer jumper |
(B)bonde peasant |
Skak | Skak | Skakmat |
| Dutch | Kkoning king |
Ddame / koningin lady/queen |
Ttoren / kasteel tower/castle |
Lloper / raadsheer runner/counsellor |
Ppaard horse |
(pi)pion |
Schaken | Schaak | Mat / Schaakmat |
| English | Kking |
Qqueen |
Rrook, castle |
Bbishop |
Nknight |
(P)pawn |
Chess | Check | Checkmate / Mate |
| Esperanto | Rreĝo king |
Ddamo lady |
Tturo tower |
Kkuriero courier |
Ĉĉevalo horse |
(P)peono |
Ŝako | Ŝak | Ŝakmato |
| Estonian[11] | Kkuningas king |
Llipp flag |
Vvanker chariot/carriage |
Ooda spear |
Rratsu riding horse |
(E)ettur forwarder |
Male aftermalev |
Tuli / Šahh fire |
Matt |
| Finnish | Kkuningas king |
Ddaami / kuningatar lady/queen |
Ttorni tower |
Llähetti messenger |
Rratsu ride |
(S)sotilas soldier |
Shakki | Shakki | Matti / Shakkimatti |
| French | Rroi king |
Ddame lady |
Ttour tower |
Ffou jester |
Ccavalier rider |
(P)pion |
Échecs | Échec | Échec et mat |
| Galician | Rrei king |
Ddama / raíña lady/queen |
Ttorre tower |
Bbispo bishop |
Ccabalo horse |
(P)peón foot soldier |
Xadrez | Xaque | Xaque mate |
| Georgian | მფმეფე (mep'e) king |
ლლაზიერი (lazieri) queen |
ეეტლი (etli) chariot |
კკუ (ku) tortoise |
მმხედარი (mkhedari) rider |
პპაიკი (paiki) pawn |
ჭადრაკი(Čadraki) | ქიში (K'ishi) | შამათი (Shamat'i) |
| German[12] | KKönig king |
DDame lady/queen |
TTurm tower |
LLäufer runner |
SSpringer jumper |
(B)Bauer peasant/farmer |
Schach | Schach | Matt / Schachmatt |
| Greek | Ρβασιλιάς (vasiliás) king |
Ββασίλισσα (vasílissa) queen |
Ππύργος (pýrgos) tower |
Ααξιωματικός (axiomatikós) officer |
Ιίππος (íppos) horse |
(Σ)πιόνι (pióni) pawn |
Σκάκι(Skáki) | Σαχ (Sach) / Ρουά (Rouá) | Mατ (Mat) |
| Hindi | Rराजा (rājā) king |
Vवज़ीर / रानी (vazīr / rānī) vizier/queen |
Hहाथी (hāthī) elephant |
Oऊँट (ūṁṭ) camel |
Gघोड़ा (ghoṛā) horse |
(P)प्यादा (pyādā) infantryman |
शतरंज(śatrañj) | शह (Shah) | शहमात (Shahmāt) |
| Hebrew | ממלך (Melech) king |
מהמלכה (Malka) queen |
צצריח (Tzariach) tower |
ררץ (Ratz) runner |
פפרש (Parash) horseman |
רגלי (Regli) foot soldier |
שחמט(Shakhmat) | שח (Shakh) | מט (Mat) |
| Hausa | Ssarki king |
Qsarauniya queen |
Rsansanin fortress |
Ggiwa elephant |
Jjarumi mounted warrior |
(P)soja soldier |
ces | ceki | ceki mat |
| Hungarian | Kkirály king |
Vvezér / királynő leader/queen |
Bbástya bastion |
Ffutó runner |
Hhuszár / ló hussar/horse |
(Gy)gyalog / paraszt footman/peasant |
Sakk | Sakk | Matt / Sakk-matt |
| Icelandic | Kkóngur king |
Ddrottning queen |
Hhrókur rook |
Bbiskup bishop |
Rriddari knight |
(P)peð pawn |
Skák | Skák | Skák og mát |
| Ido | Rrejo king |
Ddamo lady |
Tturmo tower |
Eepiskopo bishop |
Kkavalo horse |
(P)piono |
Shakoludo | Shako | Shakmato |
| Indonesian | Rraja king |
Mmenteri minister/vizier |
Bbenteng castle/fortress |
Ggajah elephant |
Kkuda horse |
(P)pion |
Catur | Sekak / Ster | Sekakmat |
| Interslavic | Kkralj king |
Ccarica / dama empress / lady |
Zzamok / věža castle / tower |
Llovec hunter |
Jjezdec / konj rider / horse |
(P)pěšak infantryman |
Šahy | Šah | Mat |
| Irish | Rrí king |
Bbanríon queen |
Ccaiseal bulwark |
Eeaspag bishop |
Dridire knight |
(F)fichillín/ceithearnach little chess piece/kern |
Ficheall | Sáinn | Marbhsháinn |
| Italian | Rre king |
Ddonna / regina lady/queen |
Ttorre tower |
Aalfiere standard-bearer |
Ccavallo horse |
(P)pedone foot soldier |
Scacchi | Scacco | Scacco matto |
| Japanese | Kキング (kingu) |
Qクイーン (kuīn) |
Rルーク (rūku) |
Bビショップ (bishoppu) |
Nナイト (naito) |
(P)ポーン (pōn) |
チェス(chesu) | Vương thủ (ōte) / チェック (chekku) |
Cật み (tsumi) / チェックメイト (chekkumeito) |
| Javanese | Rraja king |
Qratu / perdhana mentri queen/prime minister |
Bbèntèng fortress |
Mmentri minister |
Kjaran horse |
(P)pion |
sekak | ||
| Kannada | ರಾರಾಜ (raaja) king |
ಮಮಂತ್ರಿ (mantri) minister |
ಆಆನೆ (aane) elephant |
ರರಥ (ratha) chariot |
ಕುಕುದುರೆ (kudure) horse |
ಪಾಪದಾತಿ (padaati) foot soldier |
ಚದುರಂಗ(caduraṅga) | ||
| Kazakh | Крпатша (patşa) king |
Ууәзір (uäzır) vizier |
Ттура (tura) tower |
Ппіл (pıl) elephant |
Аат (at) horse |
(П)пешка (peşka) /(С)сарбаз (sarbaz) foot soldier/warrior |
шахмат(şahmat) | шах (şah) | мат (mat) |
| Korean | K킹 (king) |
Q퀸 (kwin) |
R룩 (rug) |
B비숍 (bi syob) |
N나이트 (na i teu) |
(P)폰 (pon) |
체스(che seu) | 체크 (che keu) | 체크메이트 (che keu me i teu) |
| Latin | Rrex king |
Mregina queen |
Tturris / elephas tower/elephant[13] |
Asignifer / cursor / stultus / alphinus standard-bearer/messenger/fool[13] |
Eeques knight |
(P) pedes / pedo foot soldier |
Scacci | Scaccus | Mattus |
| Latvian | Kkaralis king |
Ddāma lady |
Ttornis tower |
Llaidnis |
Zzirgs horse |
(B)bandinieks peasant |
Šahs | Šahs | Šahs un mats |
| Lithuanian | Kkaralius king |
Vvaldovė queen |
Bbokštas tower |
Rrikis Lithuanian military commander |
Žžirgas horse |
(P)pėstininkas pawn |
Šachmatai | Šach | Matas |
| Lojban | Nanoltrunau king |
Ninoltruni'u queen |
Sslanydi'u castle |
Xxanto elephant |
Xixirma horse |
(S)sonci soldier |
caxmati | gunta attack |
lo nolraitru cu morsi the king is dead |
| Luxembourgish | KKinnek king |
DDamm lady |
TTuerm tower |
LLeefer runner |
PPäerd horse |
(B)Bauer farmer |
Schach | Schach | Schachmatt |
| Macedonian | Kкрал king |
Dкралица / дама queen/lady |
Tтоп cannon |
Lловец hunter |
Sкоњ / скокач horse/jumper |
Pпешак / пион infantryman/pawn |
шах | шах | мат |
| Malayalam | Kരാജാവ് (raajavu) king |
Qമന്ത്രി (manthri) minister |
Rതേര് (therú) chariot |
Bആന (aana) elephant |
N/Ktകുതിര (kuthira) horse |
(P)കാലാള് / പടയാളി (kaalal / padayaali) foot soldier |
ചതുരംഗം(chathurangam) | ചെക്ക് |
ചെക്ക് മേറ്റ് |
| Marathi | Rराजा (rājā) king |
Vवजीर (vajīr) vizier |
Hहत्ती (hātti) elephant |
Oउंट (Unṭ) camel |
Gघोडा (ghoḍā) horse |
(P)प्यादे (pyāde) foot soldier |
बुद्धिबळ (buddhibal) | शह (shah) | शहमात (shahmāt) |
| Mongolian | Нноён noyan |
Ббэрс (fers) vizier |
ттэрэг (tereg) chariot |
Ттэмээ (temee) camel |
Мморь (mor) horse |
(Х)хүү (hüü) boy |
Шатар | шаг / дуг / цод | мад |
| Norwegian Bokmål | Kkonge king |
Ddronning queen |
Ttårn tower |
Lløper runner |
Sspringer jumper |
(B)bonde peasant |
Sjakk | Sjakk | Sjakkmatt |
| Norwegian Nynorsk | Kkonge king |
Ddronning queen |
Ttårn tower |
Lløpar runner |
Sspringar jumper |
(B)bonde peasant |
Sjakk | Sjakk | Sjakkmatt |
| Odia | Kରଜା (rôja) king |
Qରାଣୀ (raṇi) queen |
Rଡଙ୍ଗା (ḍôṅga) boat |
Bହାତୀ (hati) elephant |
Nଘୋଡ଼ା (ghoṛa) horse |
Pସୈନିକ (sôinikô) soldier |
ଚେସ୍/ଶତରଞ୍ଜ (chess/śôtôrôñjô) | ଚେକ୍ (check) | ଚେକମେଟ୍ (checkmate) |
| Oromo | MMootii |
MtMootittii |
GGidaara, masaraa |
Aabuunii |
Nnamkabajaa |
Cheezii | Mirkaneeffannaa | Waayila / Mate | |
| Persian | ششاه king |
ووزیر vizier/minister |
ق/رقلعه/رخ castle |
ففیل elephant |
ااسب horse |
س/پسرباز/پیاده soldier |
شطرنج(shatranj) | کیش (kish) | مات (mat) |
| Polish | Kkról king |
Hhetman/ królowa general (hist.)/queen |
Wwieża tower |
Ggoniec / laufer courier/(ger. derived) |
Sskoczek / koń jumper/horse |
(P)pion / pionek pawn |
Szachy | szach | mat / szach-mat |
| Portuguese | Rrei king |
Ddama / rainha lady/queen |
Ttorre tower |
Bbispo bishop |
Ccavalo horse |
(P)peão foot soldier |
Xadrez | Xeque | Xeque-mate |
| Romanian | Rrege king |
Ddamă / regină lady/queen |
Tturn / tură tower |
Nnebun fool |
Ccal horse |
(P)pion |
Șah | Șah | Mat / Șah mat |
| Russian | Кркороль (korol') king |
Фферзь / королева (ferz' / koroleva) vizier/queen |
Лладья (ladya) boat |
Сслон (slon) elephant |
Кконь (kon') horse |
(П)пешка (peshka) |
шахматы(shakhmaty) | шах (shakh) | мат (mat) |
| Scottish Gaelic | Rrigh king |
Bbànrigh queen |
Ttùr tower |
Eeasbaig bishop |
Dridir knight |
(P)pàn pawn |
feòirne | casg | tul-chasg |
| Serbo-Croatian | Kkralj (Ккраљ) king |
Dkraljica / dama (Дкраљицa / дама) queen/lady |
Ttop / kula (Ттоп / кула) cannon/tower |
Llovac / strijelac / laufer (Лловац / стрелац / лауфер) hunter/archer/runner |
Sskakač / konj (Сскaкaч / коњ) jumper/horse |
(P)pješak / pion / pijun ((П)пешак / пион / пијун) footman/pawn |
Šah(Шах) | Šah (Шах) | Mat (Мат) |
| Northern Sotho | КKgoši |
KgKgošigadi |
NNtlosebô / Moshate |
MpMopišopo |
MMogale |
SSeitšhireletšo |
Tšhêšê | Check | Checkmate |
| Sicilian | Rre king |
Driggina queen |
Tturru tower |
Aalferu |
Sscecc[h]u donkey |
(P)pidinu foot soldier |
Scacchi | ||
| Slovak | Kkráľ king |
Ddáma lady |
Vveža tower |
Sstrelec shooter |
Jjazdec rider |
(P)pešiak infantryman/pawn |
Šach | Šach | Mat / Šachmat |
| Slovene | Kkralj king |
Ddama lady |
Ttrdnjava castle |
Llovec hunter |
Sskakač jumper |
(P)kmet farmer |
Šah | Šah | Mat / Šahmat |
| Spanish | Rrey king |
Ddama / reina lady/queen |
Ttorre tower |
Aalfil |
Ccaballo horse |
(P)peón foot soldier |
Ajedrez | Jaque | Jaque mate |
| Swedish | Kkung king |
Ddam / drottning lady/queen |
Ttorn tower |
Llöpare runner |
Hspringare / riddare horse/knight |
(B)bonde peasant |
Schack | Schack | Schack matt |
| Tamil | Kஅரசன் (arasaṉ) king |
Qஅரசி (araci) queen |
Rகோட்டை (kōṭṭai) castle |
Bஅமைச்சர் / மந்திரி (amaicchar / manthiri) minister |
N/Ktகுதிரை (kutirai) horse |
(P)காலாள் / சிப்பாய் (kālāḷ / cippāy) foot soldier/sepoy |
சதுரங்கம்(sathurankam) | முற்றுகை (muṟṟukai) | இறுதி முற்றுகை (iṟuti muṟṟukai) |
| Telugu | రాజు (rāju) king |
మంత్రి (maṃtri) minister |
ఏనుగు (ēnugu) elephant |
శకటు (śakaţu) |
గుర్రం (gurraṃ) horse |
బంటు (baṃţu) soldier |
చదరంగం(cadaraṃgaṃ) | దాడి (dāḍi) | కట్టు (kaţţu) |
| Thai | ขขุน (khun) king |
ตเม็ด / ตรี / มนตรี (met / tri / montri) counselor |
รเรือ (ruea) ship |
คโคน (khon) |
มม้า (ma) horse |
(บ)เบี้ย (bia) menial |
หมากรุก(makruk) | รุก (ruk) | จน (chon) |
| Turkish | Ş/Kşah / kral shah/king |
Vvezir vizier |
Kkale castle |
Ffil elephant |
Aat horse |
(P)er / piyon soldier/pawn |
Satranç | Şah | Mat |
| Ukrainian | Kркороль (korol) king |
Фферзь (ferz) vizier |
Tтура (tura) tower |
Cслон (slon) elephant |
Kкінь (kin) horse |
(П)пішак / пішка (pishak / pishka) foot soldier |
Шахи(shakhi) | Шах (shakh) | Мат (mat) |
| Urdu | بادشاہ(bādshāh) |
وزیر(vazīr) |
رخ(rukh) |
فيلہ(fiyalah) |
گھوڑا(ghōṛā) |
پیادہ(pyādah) |
شطرنج(šaṭranj) | شہ(sheh) | شہمات(shehmāt) |
| Vietnamese | Vvua king |
Hhậu queen |
Xxe chariot |
Ttượng / tịnh / voi statue/elephant |
Mmã / ngựa horse |
tốt / chốt / binh soldier |
Cờ vua | Chiếu / Chiếu tướng | Chiếu bí / Chiếu hết / Sát cục / Tuyệt sát |
| Welsh | Tteyrn / brenin lord/king |
Bbrenhines queen |
Ccastell castle |
Eesgob bishop |
Mmarchog rider |
(G)gwerinwr peasant |
Gwyddbwyll | Siach | Siachmat |
Variants
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Chess variantssometimes include new, non-standard, or even old pieces. For example,Courier Chess,a predecessor of modern chess dating from the 12th century, was played on an 8×12 board and used all six modern chess piece types, plus three additional types of pieces: Courier,Mann(orrathorsage), and Jester. Variants of "old" chess might use the old rules for bishops/elephants with thealfilpiece, or old rules for Queens with theferz.Many modern variants with unorthodox pieces exist, such asBerolina chesswhich uses custom pawns that advance diagonally and capture vertically.
See also
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Notes
edit- ^(Burgess 2009:523)(Hooper & Whyld 1992:307)
- ^(Hooper & Whyld 1992:307)
- ^(Hooper & Whyld 1992:200)
- ^(Brace 1977:220)
- ^(Just & Burg 2003:5)
- ^(Just & Burg 2003:13–16)
- ^(Just & Burg 2003:13–16)
- ^(Hooper & Whyld 1992:438–39)
- ^(Soltis 2004:183)
- ^(Luiro 2009)
- ^The Estonian chess terms were coined byAdo Grenzstein.
- ^"Handbook".www.fide.com.Retrieved22 March2019.
The pieces bear the names: Koenig, Dame, Turm, Laeufer, Springer, Bauer
- ^abH. J. R. Murray,A History of Chess,ch. 11.
References
edit- Brace, Edward (1977),An Illustrated Dictionary of Chess,Craftwell,ISBN1-55521-394-4
- Burgess, Graham(2009),The Mammoth Book of Chess(3rd ed.), Running Press,ISBN978-0-7624-3726-9
- Evans, Larry(1973),Evans on Chess,Cornerstone Library,ISBN0-87749-699-4
- Hooper, David;Whyld, Kenneth(1992), "Value of pieces",The Oxford Companion to Chess(2nd ed.), Oxford University Press,ISBN0-19-280049-3
- Just, Tim; Burg, Daniel S. (2003),U.S. Chess Federation's Official Rules of Chess(5th ed.), McKay,ISBN0-8129-3559-4
- Soltis, Andrew (2004),Rethinking the Chess Pieces,Batsford,ISBN0-7134-8904-9
- Luiro, Ari (2009),Chess pieces in different languages,archived fromthe originalon October 21, 2009,retrieved2011-11-04
External links
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