Circuit Zandvoort(Dutch pronunciation:[sɪrˈkʋiˈzɑntˌfoːrt]), known for sponsorship reasons asCM.com Circuit Zandvoort,previously known asCircuit Park Zandvoortuntil 2017, is a 4.259 km (2.646 mi)motorsportrace tracklocated in the dunes north ofZandvoort,theNetherlands,near theNorth Seacoast line and 35 km (22 mi) west ofAmsterdam.It returned to theFormula Onecalendar in 2021 as the location of the revivedDutch Grand Prix.
 | |
| Location | Zandvoort,North Holland,Netherlands |
|---|---|
| Time zone | CET(UTC+1) CEST(DST) |
| Coordinates | 52°23′20″N4°32′27″E/ 52.38889°N 4.54083°E |
| Capacity | 105,000 |
| FIA Grade | 1 |
| Owner | Prince Bernhard of Orange-Nassau Menno de Jong |
| Opened | 7 August 1948[1] |
| Former names | Circuit van Zandvoort (1948–1988) Circuit Park Zandvoort (1989–2016) Circuit Zandvoort (2017–2019) |
| Major events | Current:
Future: Former:
|
| Website | https://www.circuitzandvoort.nl |
| Grand Prix Circuit (2020–present) | |
| Length | 4.259 km (2.646 miles) |
| Turns | 14 |
| Race lap record | 1:11.097 ( Lewis Hamilton,Mercedes W12,2021,F1) |
| Grand Prix Circuit (1999–2019) | |
| Length | 4.307 km (2.676 miles) |
| Turns | 15 |
| Race lap record | 1:21.044 ( Klaas Zwart,Jaguar R5 F1,2019,F1) |
| Club Circuit (1990–1998) | |
| Length | 2.526 km (1.570 miles) |
| Turns | 9 |
| Race lap record | 1:01.043 (Kelvin Burt,Reynard 923,1992,F3) |
| Grand Prix Circuit (1980–1989) | |
| Length | 4.252 km (2.642 miles) |
| Turns | 19 |
| Race lap record | 1:16.538 ( Alain Prost,McLaren MP4/2B,1985,F1) |
| Grand Prix Circuit (1972–1979) | |
| Length | 4.226 km (2.626 miles) |
| Turns | 19 |
| Race lap record | 1:19.438 ( Gilles Villeneuve,Ferrari 312T4,1979,F1) |
| Grand Prix Circuit (1948–1971) | |
| Length | 4.193 km (2.605 miles) |
| Turns | 19 |
| Race lap record | 1:19.23 ( Jacky Ickx,Ferrari 312B,1970,F1) |
History
edit1930s to mid 1980s
edit
There were plans for races at Zandvoort beforeWorld War II:the firststreet racewas held on 3 June 1939. However, a permanent race track was not constructed until after the war, using communications roads built by the occupying German army. Contrary to popular beliefJohn Hugenholtzcannot be credited with the design of the Zandvoort track, although he was involved as the chairman of the Nederlandse Automobiel Ren Club (Dutch Auto Racing Club) before becoming the first track director in 1949.[2]Instead, it was 1927 Le Mans winner,S. C. H. "Sammy" Daviswho was brought in as a track design advisor in July 1946[3]although the layout was partly dictated by the existing roads.
The first race on the circuit, thePrijs van Zandvoort,took place on 7 August 1948.[4]The race was renamed theGrote Prijs van Zandvoort(Zandvoort Grand Prix) in 1949, then theGrote Prijs van Nederland(Dutch Grand Prix) in 1950. The1952 racewas the first to be run as a round of the World Championship, albeit toFormula Tworegulations rather thanFormula Oneregulations like all the European rounds of the championship that year; a similar situation also applied to the1953.There was no Dutch Grand Prix in 1954, 1956 or 1957, but 1955 saw thefirst true Formula One race as part of the Drivers' Championship.The Dutch Grand Prix returned in1958and remained a permanent fixture on the F1 calendar (with the exception of 1972) through1985,when it was held for the last time in the 20th century.
Since 1985
editTo solve a number of problems that had made it impossible to develop and upgrade the circuit, most importantlynoise pollutionfor Zandvoort inhabitants living closest to the track, the track management developed and adopted a plan to move the most southern part of the track away from the nearby housing estate, and rebuild a more compact track in the remaining former 'infield'. In January 1987 this plan got the necessary 'green light' when it was formally approved by theProvincial Council of North Holland.However, only a couple of months later a new problem arose: the company that commercially ran the circuit (CENAV), called in the receiver and went out of business, marking the end of 'Circuit Zandvoort'. Again the track, owned by the municipality of Zandvoort, was in danger of being permanently lost for motorsports. However, a new operating foundation, the "Stichting Exploitatie Circuit Park", was formed and started work at the realization of the track's reconstruction plans. Circuit Park Zandvoort was born and in the summer of 1989 the track was remodeled to an interim Club Circuit of 2.526 km (1.570 mi), while the disposed southern part of the track was used to build a Vendorado Bungalow Park and new premises for the local football and field-hockey clubs.
In 1995, CPZ (Circuit Park Zandvoort) got the "A Status"[clarification needed][citation needed]of the government of the Netherlands and began building an international Grand Prix Circuit. This project was finished in 2001 when, after the track was redesigned to a 4.307 km (2.676 mi) long circuit and a new pits building was realized (by HPG, the development company of John Hugenholtz Jr., son of the former director), a new grandstand was situated along the long straight. One of the major events that is held at the circuit, along with DTM and A1GP, is theRTLMasters of Formula 3,whereFormula Threecars of several national racing series compete with each other (originally called Marlboro Masters, before tobacco advertising ban). A noise restriction order was responsible for this event moving to the BelgianCircuit Zolderfor 2007 and 2008. However, the race returned to its historical home in 2009.[5]
Circuit Park Zandvoort played host to the first race in the2006/07 seasonofA1 Grand Prixfrom 29 September–1 October 2006. On 21 August 2008, the official A1GP site reported that the2008/09 season's first race has moved from theMugello Circuit,Italyto Zandvoort on 4–5 October 2008 due to the delay in the building the new chassis for the new race cars. TheDutchround moved toTT Circuit Assenin 2010.[6]A1GP bankrupted before its fifth season and the Dutch round was replaced with Superleague Formula.
In November 2018 reported that Formula One Management (FOM) had invited the owners of the Zandvoort race track to make a proposal to stage a Grand Prix race in 2020.[7]In March 2019, it was confirmed that a letter of intent had been signed between Zandvoort and FOM to stage the Dutch Grand Prix, dependent on private funding being secured to cover the cost of hosting the race. A deadline of 31 March 2019 was set for a final decision to be made.[8]On 14 May 2019 it was confirmed that Zandvoort would host the Dutch Grand Prix for 2020 and beyond for a duration of at least three years, with the option to host another two years beyond that.[9]
Several alterations were made to the track byJarno Zaffellito bring it up to date with F1 standards, including adding banking to turn 14 (Arie Luyendijkbocht) and turn 3 (Hugenholtzbocht), but the layout as a whole remained the same.[10][11]The municipality of Zandvoort invested four million euros into the infrastructure around the circuit to improve the accessibility to the track.[12][13]On 29 August 2019, the2020 Dutch Grand Prixat Zandvoort was included as the fifth race on the provisional schedule, listed on 3 May 2020, between theChinese Grand PrixandSpanish Grand Prix.[14]The 2020 scheduled appearance was canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic,[15]however F1 racing did finally return to the circuit on 5 September 2021.[16]On 17 September 2019, it was announced that Zandvoort would host theFIA Formula 2 ChampionshipandFIA Formula 3 Championship,replacing the series' support races atCircuit Paul Ricard.[17][18][19]
The circuit
edit
The circuit gained popularity because of its fast, sweeping corners such as Scheivlak as well as the "Tarzanbocht" (Tarzan corner) hairpin at the end of the start/finish straight. Tarzanbocht is the most famous corner in the circuit. Since there is a camber in the corner, it provides excellent overtaking opportunities. It is possible to pass around the outside as well as the easier inside lane.[20]This corner is reportedly named after a local character who had earned the nickname ofTarzanand only wanted to give up his vegetable garden in the dunes if the track's designers named a nearby corner after him. On the other hand, many different stories[which?]about Tarzan Corner are known.[citation needed]
The circuit design has been modified and altered several times:
- 1948–1971: length 4.193 kilometers (2.605 mi)
- 1972–1979: length 4.226 kilometers (2.626 mi)
- 1980–1989: length 4.252 kilometers (2.642 mi)
- 1990–1998: length 2.526 kilometers (1.570 mi)
- 1999–2019: length 4.307 kilometers (2.676 mi)
- 2020–present: length 4.259 kilometers (2.646 mi)
Track configurations
edit-
Grand Prix Circuit (1948–1971) -
Grand Prix Circuit (1972–1979) -
Grand Prix Circuit (1980–1989) -
Grand Prix Circuit (1990–1998) -
Grand Prix Circuit (1999–2019) -
Grand Prix Circuit (2020–present)
The corners are named as follows (the numbers correspond to the present map, starting at the start/finish line):[21]
- Tarzancorner (1)
- Gerlach corner (2)
- Hugenholtzcorner (3)
- Hunserug (4)
- Nameless corner (5)
- Slotemakercorner (6)
- Scheivlak (7)
- Masters corner (formerlyMarlborocorner) (8)
- Nameless corner (formerlyRenaultcorner) (9)
- CM.comcorner (formerly theVodafonecorner) (10)
- Hans Ernst corner 1 and Hans Ernst corner 2 (formerlyAudi Scorners) (11 + 12)
- Nameless corner (formerlyKumhocorner) (13)
- Arie Luyendykcorner (formerly Bos Uit corner) (14)
The elevation difference is 8.9 m (29 ft).
Turns 3 and 13/14 are extremely cambered corners; turn 3 has a 19-degree bank while turns 13/14 have an 18-degree bank.
Events
edit- Current
- April:Supercar ChallengeVoorjaarsraces,Fun Cup,Marcel Albers Memorial Trophy
- May: Historic Zandvoort Trophy, Pinksterraces
- June:Formula Regional European Championship,Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters,ADAC GT Masters,Porsche Carrera Cup Germany,Porsche Carrera Cup Benelux,FIA Masters Historic Formula One ChampionshipZandvoort Historic Grand Prix
- July:Eurocup-3Zandvoort Summer Trophy,GB3 Championship,F4 British Championship,Prototype Cup Germany
- August:Formula OneDutch Grand Prix,F1 Academy,Porsche Supercup
- September:Supercar ChallengeBetCity Trophy of the Dunes
- Future
- Alpine Elf Cup(2022, 2025)
- GT World Challenge Europe(2015, 2019–2023, 2025)
- GT2 European Series(2025)
- GT4 European Series(2011, 2013–2017, 2019–2021, 2025)
- Former
- 24H Series
- 12H Zandvoort(2014–2016)
- A1 Grand Prix(2006–2008)
- ADAC Formel Masters(2012, 2014)
- ADAC Formula 4(2016, 2019, 2021–2022)
- ADAC GT4 Germany(2019, 2021–2023)
- ADAC TCR Germany Touring Car Championship(2016–2019)
- ATS Formel 3 Cup(2002, 2012)
- BMW M1 Procar Championship(1979–1980)
- BOSS GP(2002, 2006, 2009–2014, 2017)
- British Formula 3 International Series(1971–1973, 1984–1987, 1996)
- British GT Championship(2013)
- Deutsche Rennsport Meisterschaft(1978–1979)
- European Formula 5000 Championship(1969–1970, 1973–1975)
- European Formula Two Championship(1967–1968, 1979–1980)
- European Touring Car Championship(1963–1975, 1977–1979)
- European Truck Racing Cup(1990)
- Ferrari Challenge Europe(2000, 2002)
- FIA European Formula 3 Championship(1976–1983)
- FIA Formula 2 Championship(2022–2023)
- FIA Formula 3 Championship(2021–2022)
- FIA Formula 3 European Championship(2011–2013, 2015–2018)
- FIA GT3 European Championship(2011)
- Formula 3 Euro Series(2003–2012)
- Formula BMW ADAC(2002–2007)
- Formula BMW Europe(2009–2010)
- Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup(2006–2013)
- Formula Renault Eurocup(2000, 2020)
- Formula Volkswagen Germany(2001)
- French F4 Championship(2020)
- French Formula Three Championship(1978)
- International Formula 3000(1985)
- Interserie(1975)
- Lamborghini Super Trofeo Europe(2019, 2021)
- RTL GP Masters of F3(1991–2006, 2009–2016)
- Porsche Carrera Cup France(2016, 2018, 2022)
- Racecar Euro Series(2011)
- SMP F4 Championship(2016)
- Super Tourenwagen Cup(1994)
- TCR Europe Touring Car Series(2021)
- World Touring Car Championship
- World Touring Car Cup
- FIA WTCR Race of the Netherlands(2018–2019)
- W Series(2021)
Lap records
editThe official lap record for the current circuit layout is 1:11.097, set by Lewis Hamilton driving for Mercedes in the2021 Dutch Grand Prix.The all-time fastest official track record set during a race weekend for the current Grand Prix Circuit layout is 1:08.885, set byMax Verstappenduring qualifying for the aforementioned Grand Prix. As of June 2024, the fastest official race lap records at the Circuit Zandvoort are listed as:[22]
Fatal accidents
editIn the history of the circuit, several fatal accidents have occurred.
| Name | Date | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Hendrik Dik | 22 March 1952 | Dik's Peugeot did not stop after completing the stage, but went straight on through some fences. The car then hit a small hill and rolled. It was later determined that Dik had suffered a fatal heart attack at the wheel of his car. |
| Wim Gerlach | 10 June 1957 | Wim Gerlach rolled his Porsche during a sportscar race at Zandvoort on 9 June 1957. The car was not equipped with a rollcage and Gerlach, who was not wearing seatbelts, had his head crushed between the door of the car and the earth bank. The corner where the accident occurred was later named the Gerlachbocht. |
| Werner Engel | 30 April 1958 | Crashed his Mercedes 300SL cabriolet during the final stage of that year'sTulip Rally.As was usual at the time, the Tulip Rally's final stage was run as a race at Zandvoort, but in anti-clockwise direction, so as to counter unfair advantages for drivers with racing experience of the track. Engel's car crashed and overturned on the back-stretch of the track, on the short straight leading away from Tunnel-Oost (in the direction of Scheivlak corner) and came to rest upside down on the track. |
| Ian Raby | 7 November 1967 | Seriously injured on 5th lap of the Zandvoort Grand Prix, 7th round of the 1967 European Formula 2 Championship. |
| Chris Lambert | 28 July 1968 | Lambert was killed after he collided withClay Regazzoniduring the Dutch round of the European Formula 2 Championship, launching Lambert's Brabham BT23C over the guardrail and onto the pedestrian path below.[70] |
| Piers Courage | 21 June 1970 | The suspension or steering in Courage's car broke on the flat out 'Tunnel Oost' section. Instead of rounding the bend, the car went straight on into the steep dunes, disintegrated on impact and caught fire as the engine broke away from the monocoque; automatic fuel-sealing equipment was not yet being used. During the impact one of the front wheels broke loose and hit Courage's head, taking off his helmet (wheel and helmet came rolling out of the cloud of dust simultaneously). It is assumed that Courage was killed instantly (or at least severely wounded and knocked unconscious) when the wheel hit him, rather than dying in the subsequent fire, as the monocoque was upright (not upside down, as is often stated by those who confuse the Courage and Williamson accidents) when it came to rest and did not seem to trap its driver in any way. |
| Roger Williamson | 29 July 1973 | Williamson lost control of his car due to a suspected tyre failure during the1973 Dutch Grand Prixand crashed into the barriers, spun upside-down and caught fire.David Purleystopped his own race and tried unsuccessfully to save Williamson. The circuit was poorly prepared and not enough fire extinguishers were on hand. |
| Rob Slotemaker | 29 July 1979 | Slotemaker was killed when he crashed hisChevrolet Camaroduring the "Trophy of the Dunes" touring car race. His car spun on a patch of oil and collided with a course car parked alongside the track. Despite the relatively minor force of the accident, he suffered a broken neck and died instantly. A section of the circuit, the left-hander after Hunserug, is named in his memory.[71] |
| Hans-Georg Bürger | 20 July 1980 | Crashed in his Tiga F280-BMW at Scheivlak corner during the warm-up for the Grote Prijs van Zandvoort, the Dutch round of the European Formula 2 Championship. He succumbed to his head injuries in hospital two days later. |
| Alain Vinckx | 29 May 1987 | During a World Record Day event Vinckx was killed when he attempted a stunt in which he drove aChevrolet Camarothrough four buses placed back to back. The second bus was positioned too low, the roof of the car was cut from it by the roof of the bus. Vinckx was unable to duck away from danger and was decapitated. |
| Oliver Heimann | 30 March 1991 | Heimann was unable to avoid the car of another competitor which had come to a standstill. Heimann broke his neck in the accident; he died in a hospital inHaarlem,about one hour after the crash. |
| Henk Schoorstra | 29 July 2010 | After colliding with another car, Henk Schoorstra's single-seater went out of control and crashed into the guard rail between Hunserug and the Rob Slotemaker bend. The driver was able to drive the car into the run-off area but it caught fire and Schoorstra was killed at the scene. |
| David Ferrer | 2 September 2017 | During the Historic Grand Prix Zandvoort Ferrer crashed with his March 701 from 1970. The accident happened in the Arie Luyendijkbocht where he lost control of the car and crashed into the barriers. Marshalls got him out of the car and Ferrer was brought to a hospital, where he later died due to his injuries.[72] |
Cycling and running competitions
edit
Motor racerWilly Koppenwas the first woman to participate in motor trials in the early fifties on the circuit. In August 1959 theUCI Road World Championshipsmen's race was held at Zandvoort.André Darrigadeof France won the 180 mi (290 km) race,Tom Simpson(Britain) was 4th.[73] In 1994 a large interregional amateur race cycling race was organised by HSV De Kampioen in Haarlem. Since 2008, the course has been used as the venue for the Runner's World Zandvoort Circuit Run, a 5-kilometreroad runningcompetition.[74]The 2010 edition of the race attractedLornah Kiplagat,a multiple world champion, who won the ladies 5 km race.[75]
The Cycling Zandvoort 24h race was first held on 25–26 May 2013. It is open for public for soloists and teams up to 8 riders. A 6-hours was added to the event in 2016.[76]On 13./14. June 2015 (12:00) the Cycling Zandvoort – 24 hour race over 4307-m-laps took place.[77]
See also
editReferences
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- ^"1993 Openingsraces - Zandvoort Interim Circuit, Netherlands".Retrieved6 June2024.
- ^"1985 Zandvoort F3000".Motor Sport Magazine.Retrieved4 May2022.
- ^"1981 Zandvoort European F3".Motor Sport Magazine.Retrieved4 May2022.
- ^"1980 Zandvoort F2".Motor Sport Magazine.Retrieved4 May2022.
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- ^"1974 Zandvoort F5000".Motor Sport Magazine.Retrieved4 May2022.
- ^"Interserie Zandvoort 1975".Retrieved18 July2022.
- ^"1978 Zandvoort European F3".Motor Sport Magazine.Retrieved4 May2022.
- ^"1979 Zandvoort BMW Procar".Motor Sport Magazine.Retrieved4 May2022.
- ^"1974 Zandvoort ETCC".Motor Sport Magazine.Retrieved29 May2022.
- ^"1970 Zandvoort F5000".Motor Sport Magazine.Retrieved4 May2022.
- ^"1968 Zandvoort F2".Motor Sport Magazine.Retrieved4 May2022.
- ^"1969 French Formula 3 Zandvoort Trophée".Retrieved15 July2022.
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- ^"8W – When? – 1973 Dutch GP".Forix.Retrieved11 May2012.
- ^The Straits Times, 18 September 1979, p.26
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- ^Runner's World Zandvoort Circuit Run.Runner's World Zandvoort Circuit Run. Retrieved on 28 March 2010.
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External links
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