Wikipedia

Coahuila

For the Native American people, seeCoahuiltecan.

Coahuila(Spanish pronunciation:[koaˈwila]ⓘ), formallyCoahuila de Zaragoza(Latin American Spanish:[koaˈwilaðesaɾaˈɣosa]ⓘ;Lipan:Nacika),[7]officially theFree and Sovereign State of Coahuila de Zaragoza(Spanish:Estado Libre y Soberano de Coahuila de Zaragoza), is one of the 32statesofMexico.

Coahuila
Nacika(Lipan Apache)
State
Free and Sovereign State of Coahuila de Zaragoza
Estado Libre y Soberano de Coahuila de Zaragoza(Spanish)
Coat of arms of Coahuila
Coat of arms
Motto:
Plus Ultra(Latin)
Anthem:

State Anthem of Coahuila
(Español: Himno Coahuilense)
State of Coahuila within Mexico
State of Coahuila within Mexico
Coordinates:27°18′N102°3′W/ 27.300°N 102.050°W/27.300; -102.050
CountryMexico
Capital
andlargest city		Saltillo
Largest metroLa Laguna
Municipalities38
AdmissionMay 7, 1824[1]
Order16th[a]
Government
•GovernorManolo Jiménez Salinas
•SenatorsReyes Flores Hurtado
Eva Eugenia Galaz Caletti
Verónica Martínez García
•Deputies[2]
Area
[3]
• Total151,595 km2(58,531 sq mi)
Ranked 3rd
Highest elevation
[4](Sierra de la Marta)
3,710 m (12,170 ft)
Population
(2020)[5]
• Total3,146,771
• Rank15th
• Density21/km2(54/sq mi)
• Rank26th
DemonymCoahuilense
GDP
[6]
• TotalMXN 1.035 trillion
(US$51.5 billion) (2022)
• Per capita(US$15,699) (2022)
Time zoneUTC−6(CST)
• Summer (DST)UTC−5(CDT)
Postal code
25 - 27
Area code
ISO 3166 codeMX-COA
HDIIncrease0.799highRanked 7th of 32
WebsiteOfficial Web Site
^a. Joined to the federation under the name ofCoahuila y Texas;also recognized asCoahuila y Tejas.

Coahuila borders the Mexican states ofNuevo Leónto the east,Zacatecasto the south, andDurangoandChihuahuato the west. To the north, Coahuila accounts for a 512 kilometres (318 mi) stretch of theMexico–United States border,adjacent to theU.S. stateofTexasalong the course of theRio Grande(Río Bravo del Norte). With an area of 151,563 square kilometres (58,519 sq mi), it is the nation's third-largest state. It comprises 38 municipalities(municipios).In 2020, Coahuila's population is 3,146,771 inhabitants.

The largest city and State Capital is the city ofSaltillo;the second largest isTorreón(largest metropolitan area in Coahuila and 9th largest in Mexico); the third largest isMonclova(a former state capital); the fourth largest isPiedras Negras;and the fifth largest isCiudad Acuña.

History

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The name Coahuila derives from native terms for the region, and has been known by variations such as Cuagüila and Cuauila. Some historians believe that this means “flying serpent”, “place of many trees”, or “place where serpents creep”. The official name of the state is Coahuila de Zaragoza, in honor of GeneralIgnacio Zaragoza.

The Spanish explored the north of Mexico some decades after their victory inTenochtitlan,the capital of the Aztecs. Such exploration was delayed because the northern climate was harsher and there was no gold. The first Spanish settlement in the region now called Coahuila was atMinas de la Trinidadin 1577. Saltillo was settled in 1586, to form part of the province ofNueva Vizcayaof the Vice-royalty ofNew Spain.Later it became one of the first provinces ofNueva Extremadurato be explored by Europeans. Among the 16th century settlers of Saltillo and other communities in Nueva Vizcaya wereTlaxcalans,who founded an independent community bordering Saltillo, calledSan Esteban de Nueva Tlaxcala.

Coahuila y Tejaswas one of the constituent states of the newly independentUnited Mexican Statesunder their1824 Constitution,and includedTexas,Coahuila andNuevo León.Later in the same year Nuevo León was detached, but Texas remained a part of the state until 1836, when it seceded to form theRepublic of Texas.Monclova was the capital of the state from 1833 to 1835.

In 1840 Coahuila briefly became a member of the short livedRepublic of the Rio Grande.In the mid-19th century, theSánchez Navarrofamily owned a ranch of 6,700,000 ha (16,500,000 acres) mostly in Coahuila. It was the largest privately-owned property in the Americas. [8]

In the 1840s and 1850s, Coahuila was the target of frequentComanche raids.

On February 19, 1856,Santiago Vidaurriannexed Coahuila to his state,Nuevo León,but it regained its separate status in 1868.

During theMexican Revolution,Francisco Villaattacked the city ofTorreón.

On April 4, 2004, the border city of Piedras Negras was flooded. More than 30 people died and more than 4,000 lost their homes. In 2007 Coahuila became the first state in Mexico to offercivil unions(Pacto Civil de Solidaridad) to same-sex couples.[9]

Geography

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TheSierra Madre Orientalruns northwest to southeast through the State, and the higher elevations are home to theSierra Madre Oriental pine-oak forests.The northernmost fingers of the Sierra Madre Oriental, theSierra del Burroand theSierra del Carmen,reach to the border with the United States at theRio Grande.

East of the range, the land slopes gently toward the Rio Grande, and is drained by several rivers, including theSaladoand its tributary, the Sabinas River. TheTamaulipan mezquital,adry shrublandecoregion,occupies the eastern portion of the State, and extends across the Rio Grande into southern Texas.

The portion of the State west of the Sierra Madre Oriental lies on theMexican Plateau,and is part of theChihuahuan Desert.TheBolsón de Mapimíis a largeendorheic basinwhich covers much of the western portion of the State and extends into adjacent portions of Chihuahua, Durango, and Zacatecas. TheNazas River,which flows east from Durango, and theAguanaval River,which flows north from Zacatecas, empty into lakes in the Bolsón.Torreón,the most populous city in the State, lies on the Nazas in the irrigatedLaguna Region,the(Comarca Lagunera),which straddles the border of Coahuila and Durango.

Coahuila contains twobiosphere reserves.Maderas del Carmenlies on the northern border of the State, and includes sections of the Chihuahuan desert andsky islandsof pine-oak forest in theSierra del Carmen.The springs, lakes, and wetlands of theCuatro Ciénegas Basinlie west of Monclova on the west slope of the Sierra Madre.

Coahuila is largely arid or semi-arid, but the rivers of the State support extensive irrigated agriculture, particularlycotton.TheParrasdistrict in the southern part of the State produces wines and brandies. Thepine-oak forestsof the Sierra Madre produce timber.

Flora and fauna

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Demographics

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Largest cities or towns in Coahuila
Source:[10]
Rank Municipality Pop.

Saltillo

Torreón 		1 Saltillo Saltillo 864,431
Monclova

Piedras Negras
2 Torreón Torreón 690,193
3 Monclova Monclova 237,169
4 Piedras Negras Piedras Negras 173,959
5 Ciudad Acuña Acuña 160,255
6 Ramos Arizpe Ramos Arizpe 114,010
7 Frontera Frontera 75,242
8 Matamoros Matamoros 59,762
9 Sabinas Sabinas 59,196
10 San Pedro San Pedro 49,490
Religion in Coahuila (2010 census)[11]
Roman Catholicism
 
 80.4%
Other Christian
 
 12.0%
Other Religion
 
 0.0%
No religion
 
 5.5%
Unspecified
 
 2.1%
Historical population
YearPop.±%
178715,287—
1815[12]50,600+231.0%
1895242,021+378.3%
1900296,938+22.7%
1910362,092+21.9%
1921393,480+8.7%
1930436,425+10.9%
1940550,717+26.2%
1950720,619+30.9%
1960907,734+26.0%
19701,114,956+22.8%
19801,557,265+39.7%
19901,972,340+26.7%
19952,173,775+10.2%
20002,298,070+5.7%
20052,495,200+8.6%
20102,748,391+10.1%
20152,954,915+7.5%
2020[13]3,146,771+6.5%

The last population census run across Mexico in the year 2020, reports Coahuila de Zaragoza as having 3,146,771 inhabitants, which, considering its size, means that the state has a very low density, in fact as low as only 15 persons per square kilometer.

Coahuila's population is mainly made up ofCriollosalong withMestizos.Fewer than 7,500 natives reside in Coahuila, or merely 0.3% of the total population. According to the 2020 Census, 1.46% of Coahuila's population identified as Black,Afro-Mexican,or of African descent.[14]

The rest of the demographic particulars in the state are very similar to national averages, such as a high life expectancy (reaching 75 years of age) and aCatholicmajority.

Education

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  • Basic education

Basic public education in Coahuila is mainly managed by the state's Secretary of Education, but federal-sustained schools are also very common. There are also a lot of private schools in the main cities of the state.

  • Higher education
Some of the most recognized universities in Coahuila include:
    • Iberoamerican University of Torreón|Iberoamerican University (Universidad Iberoamericana)
A private university part of the Jesuit University System with a campus in Torreón and a university extension center in Saltillo.
Building at the Iberoamerican University
    • Technological Institute of La Laguna (Instituto Tecnológico de la Laguna)
The most recognized public technological university of La Laguna Region located in the city of Torreón.
It is the most known technological university in Mexico with two campuses: one in Saltillo and another one in Torreón.
It is considered the best public university of the states and it has campuses and schools all across Coahuila.

Economy

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About 95% of Mexico'scoalreserves are found in Coahuila, which is the country's top mining state.

Saltilloand the Southeast region have one of the largest automobile industry in the country and the major industry in the state, hosting companies such asGeneral MotorsandChryslerassembly plants.[15]

TorreónhasMet-Mex Peñoles,a mining company. The city is the world's largestsilverproducer and Mexico's largestgoldproducer. It also has Lala, adairyproducts company, which produces 40% of Mexico'smilkconsumption and distribution.

As of 2005, Coahuila's economy represents 3.5% of Mexico's totalgross domestic productor US$22,874 million.[16]Coahuila's economy has a strong focus on export oriented manufacturing (i.e.maquiladora/INMEX). As of 2005, 221,273 people are employed in the manufacturing sector.[17]Foreign direct investment in Coahuila was US$143.1 million for 2005. The average wage for an employee in Coahuila is approximately 190 pesos per day.[citation needed]

On the other hand, Coahuila is the Mexican state with the highest level ofpublic debtin the nation.

Municipalities

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Main article:Municipalities of Coahuila

Coahuila is subdivided into five regions and 38 municipalities(municipios).

Torreón

Media

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Newspapersof Coahuila include:El Diario de Coahuila,El Guardián,El Heraldo de Saltillo,El Siglo de Torreón,Esto del Norte,La I (Laguna),la I (Saltillo),La Opinión Milenio,La Voz de Coahuila (Monclova),Noticias de El Sol de la Laguna,Vanguardia,Zócalo (Monclova),Zócalo (Piedras Negras),Zócalo El Periódico de Saltillo,andZócalo Saltillo.[18][19]

Politics

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Coahuila has 8Electoral Districtsthat elect one deputy each to theChamber of Deputies.

District Head town
First Federal Electoral District of Coahuila Piedras Negras
Second Federal Electoral District of Coahuila San Pedro de las Colonias
Third Federal Electoral District of Coahuila Monclova
Fourth Federal Electoral District of Coahuila Saltillo
Fifth Federal Electoral District of Coahuila Torreón
Sixth Federal Electoral District of Coahuila Torreón
Seventh Federal Electoral District of Coahuila Saltillo
Eighth Federal Electoral District of Coahuila Ramos Arizpe

List of governors

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Main article:Governor of Coahuila

This list is incomplete

People

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See also

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References

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  1. ^Benson, Nettie Lee (1994)."La diputación provincial y el federalismo mexicano"(in Spanish).ISBN9789681205867.
  2. ^"Listado de Diputadas y Diputados alfabético".Cámara de Diputados del Congreso de la Unión(in Spanish).Retrieved17 September2018.
  3. ^"Resumen".Cuentame INEGI. Archived fromthe originalon April 19, 2013.RetrievedFebruary 12,2013.
  4. ^"Relieve".Cuentame INEGI. Archived fromthe originalon December 13, 2010.RetrievedOctober 20,2010.
  5. ^"México en cifras".January 2016.
  6. ^Citibanamex (June 13, 2023)."Indicadores Regionales de Actividad Económica 2023"(PDF)(in Spanish).RetrievedAugust 13,2023.
  7. ^"Toponimia en lengua ndé".
  8. ^DeLay, Brian (2008).War of a Thousand Deserts.New Haven: Yale University Press. pp. 52–53.ISBN9780300119329.
  9. ^""Mexican state moves to allow same-sex unions",Advocate News,Gay.com, January 11, 2007 ".Archived fromthe originalon January 14, 2007.RetrievedJanuary 13,2007.
  10. ^"Censo Coahuka 2020".
  11. ^"Censo de Población y Vivienda 2010".INEGI.Retrieved2013-02-04.
  12. ^Jones, Jr., Oakah L. (1979),Los Paisanos: Spanish Settlers of the Northern Frontier of New Spain,Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, p. 240
  13. ^|2010 | 2748391
  14. ^"Panorama sociodemográfico de México".www.inegi.org.mx.
  15. ^World Book(72nd ed.). Chicago, IL: Wold Book, Inc. 2022. p. 715.ISBN9780716601227.{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  16. ^Industrial Costs in Mexico - A Guide for Foreign Investors 2007.Mexico City: Bancomext. 2007. p. 90.
  17. ^ Industrial Costs in Mexico - A Guide for Foreign Investors 2007.Mexico City: Bancomext. 2007. p. 92.
  18. ^"Publicaciones periódicas en Coahuila".Sistema de Información Cultural(in Spanish). Gobierno de Mexico.RetrievedMarch 7,2020.
  19. ^"Latin American & Mexican Online News".Research Guides.US:University of Texas at San Antonio Libraries.Archived fromthe originalon March 7, 2020.
  20. ^Benjamin, Thomas, and William McNellie. Other Mexicos: Essays on Regional Mexican History, 1876-1911. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1984.
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