Consort Ban

Consort Ban(c. 48 BCE– c. 2 BCE), orBan Jieyu(Chinese:Ban tiệp dư;pinyin:Bān Jiéyú;Wade–Giles:Pan Chieh-yü), also known asLady Ban (Pan),was a Chinese scholar andpoetduring theWestern Han dynasty(206 BCE – 23 CE).Jieyu( tiệp dư ) was a title for a third-rank palace lady, one rank belowZhaoyiand two ranks below the Empress.

Ban Jieyu

Life

Consort Ban declining to ride with Emperor Cheng on his palanquin. The painting is from the bottom panel of aNorthern Weiscreen.

Consort Ban started as a junior maid, became a concubine ofEmperor Cheng of Han,and quickly rose to prominence at court.She had two sons with him, but both died in infancy. Once she declined an invitation to ride in a palanquin because she feared to distract him from matters of state. She was also renowned as a great scholar, able to recite poems from theShi Jingand a lot of other texts.

Because neither theEmpress Xunor Consort Ban produced him an heir, the Empress DowagerWang Zhengjunencouraged him to take more concubines. Around 19 BCE, however, Emperor Cheng took a liking to the dancing girlZhao Feiyanand her sisterZhao Hede.They were both made concubines and he favored them over Empress Xu and Consort Ban. In 18 BCE both the Empress and Consort Ban were accused of witchcraft. Empress Xu was put under house arrest away from court, but Consort Ban pleaded her case. She used citations ofConfuciusand made a speech that impressed the emperor and he allowed her to stay at court. She then chose to become a lady in waiting to the Empress Dowager, instead of remaining consort to the Emperor. Consort Ban became part of the emperor's funeral park after his death on April 7 BCE and died a year later.

Family

Consort Ban once saved her brother Ban Zhi from a charge of treason. Ban Zhi was to become the father of the historianBan Biao.He, in turn, had a son and a daughter,Ban GuandBan Zhao,who would complete their father's historic work,Book of Han.

Poems

She "is accredited with two fu poems" but is best known for the famous poem attributed to her ( "Yuan Ge Xing" or "Song of Resentment" ), in which she compares herself to a discarded autumn fan. It deals with her sorrow at having been abandoned by the Emperor and is written in theyuefustyle of poetry.However, there is a certain historical doubt about the attribution of this song to her, especially since it is not mentioned in her grand-nephew Ban Gu's biography of her.The poems attributed to her, or written in her persona, have remained in circulation in the many centuries after her death.

Inclusion in the Lienü zhuan

Her biography was included in theConfucianclassicBiographies of Exemplary Women(Lienü Zhuan) compiled by theHan dynastyscholarLiu Xiangin 18 BCE. Consort Ban's biography is part of Scroll 9, titledSupplemental Biographies( tân khan tục liệt nữ truyện ).

References

• Brulotte, Gaetan; Phillips, John (2006).Encyclopedia of Erotic Literature.London: Routledge.
• Davis, A. R., ed. (1970).The Penguin Book of Chinese Verse.Baltimore: Penguin Books.
• Chang, Kang-i Sun;Saussy, Haun;Kwong, Charles Yim-tze (1999).Women Writers of Traditional China: An Anthology of Poetry and Criticism.Stanford University Press.ISBN978-0-8047-3231-4.
• Kroll, Paul W. (2009). "The Life and Writings of Su Hui (627–650), Worthy Consort, at the Early Tang Court".Asia Major.Third Series.22(2).
• "Autumn in the Han Palace", Silkqin.com, last accessed June 7, 2007