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Coolangatta

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Coolangattais a coastalsuburbin theCity of Gold Coast,Queensland,Australia.[2]It is the Gold Coast's southernmost suburb and it bordersNew South Wales.[3]In the2021 census,Coolangatta had a population of 6,491 people.[1]

Coolangatta
Gold Coast,Queensland
Marine Parade
Coolangatta is located in Gold Coast, Australia
Coolangatta
Coolangatta
Map
Coordinates28°10′15″S153°32′01″E/ 28.1708°S 153.5336°E/-28.1708; 153.5336(Coolangatta (centre of suburb))
Population6,491 (2021 census)[1]
• Density3,610/km2(9,340/sq mi)
Established1883
Postcode(s)4225
Elevation6 m (20 ft)
Area1.8 km2(0.7 sq mi)
Time zoneAEST(UTC+10:00)
Location
LGA(s)City of Gold Coast
State electorate(s)Currumbin
Federal division(s)McPherson
Suburbs around Coolangatta:
Bilinga Coral Sea Coral Sea
Bilinga Coolangatta Coral Sea
Tweed Heads West (NSW) Tweed Heads (NSW) Tweed Heads (NSW)

History

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Coolangatta is situated in theBundjalungtraditionalAboriginalcountry.[4]The Yugambeh people are local custodians in the Bundjalung traditional Aboriginal country.Yugambeh language(also known as Yugumbir, Jugambel, Jugambeir, Jugumbir, Jukam, Jukamba) is one of theAustralian Aboriginal languagesin areas that include theBeenleigh,Beaudesert,Gold Coast, Logan,Scenic Rim,Albert River,Coolangatta,Coomera,Logan River,Pimpama,TamborineandTweed RiverValley, within the local government boundaries of theCity of Gold Coast,City of Logan,Scenic RimRegional Council and the Tweed River Valley.[5]

Early settlement

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Estate map of the town of Coolangatta, Queensland, 1885

Coolangatta was one of the earliest settlements on theGold Coast.Once again focused on a steep headland atPoint Dangerthe area was occupied by Europeans from at least 1828 by a convict station andred cedargetters soon followed.

Wreck of theCoolangatta

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On 18 August 1846, the schoonerCoolangattawas wrecked onKirra/ Bilinga Beach adjacent to a creek during a storm.

Anchor fromCoolangattawreck site memorial; creek at right

A topsailschoonerof 83 feet (25 m) in length and 88long tons(89t),Coolangattawas built by John Blinksell in 1843 forAlexander Berrywhose property,Coolangatta Estate,adjoined Coolangatta mountain located on the northern bank of theShoalhaven River,New South Wales.

On 6 July 1846, the ship sailed under Captain Steele fromBrisbane,carrying twoconvictprisoners (George Craig in irons, and William George Lewis), to load red cedar logs at theTweed Riverfor Sydney. Steele found the river entrance closed bysiltforming abar,so he anchored in the lee of Point Danger off Kirra Beach. Red cedar logs were then hauled overland from Terranora Inlet and rafted from the beach, but in six weeks less than half of the contracted 70,000 feet of red cedar had been loaded. Meanwhile, five ships loaded with red cedar were bar-bound inside the river.

On 18 August 1846, while Steel was ashore, a south-east gale blew up. Steele's boat was damaged while getting through the surf and he watched from the beach as the gale intensified. Eventually, the prisoners were freed and all hands abandoned ship and swam for shore as the anchors dragged. The ship parted its anchors and washed ashore near what was later called Coolangatta Creek.

The survivors walked 70 miles (110 km) north to Amity Point in six days, fed each night by different groups of friendlyindigenous Australians,and were taken into Brisbane on board theTamar.

Township develops

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Selectors followed in the 1860s and a small settlement was established.

In 1883 a township was surveyed. A map of the town in 1885[6]shows the results of a recent land sale where several town lots were sold.[7]GovernmentsurveyorHenry Schneider named the area Coolangatta after the shipwreck while surveying in 1883 for the land auction in March 1884.

Border Gates between Coolangatta and Tweed Heads, 1943
Aerial view looking towards Point Danger, Coolangatta,c. 1952.Tweed Heads (New South Wales) is to the left. The main road running inland from the headland is Boundary Street, which marks the state border.
Border marker between two states, dividing the "Twin Towns"
Snapper Rocks, a popular surfing and sea-bathing area in Coolangatta

As aborder townCoolangatta included a customs office, boatshed and government wharf.

Twentieth century

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TheSouth Coast railwaywas extended fromNerang railway stationtoTweed Headsin New South Wales and opened on 10 August 1903.[8]Coolangatta railway station was located to the south of the intersection of Griffith and Dutton Streets (28°10′07″S153°32′12″E/ 28.1685°S 153.5367°E/-28.1685; 153.5367(Coolangatta railway station (former))). The terminus Tweed Heads railway station was in Tweed Heads near Thomson Street (28°10′19″S153°32′26″E/ 28.1720°S 153.5405°E/-28.1720; 153.5405(Tweed Heads railway station (former))).[9][10]The railway guaranteed the success of Coolangatta as a holiday township and it flourished from that time forward.

The Tweed Heads Surf and Life Saving Club was established on Friday 26 January 1909.[11]Tweed Heads and Coolangatta Surf Life Saving Club building opened on 13 September 1911.[12]Guesthouses and hotels were erected and a commercial centre soon followed.

Land was advertised for sale in December 1912, being allotments in sections 3, 14, 25, [16 & 17], town of Coolangatta and portion 44 (special lease) parish of Tallebudgera,[13]with 7 allotments facing either Marine Parade or Griffith Street. A further 35 allotments immediately south of Coolangatta railway station and 2 further allotments facing McLean Street were also advertised for sale.[14]

Prior to 1914, Coolangatta was administered by theNerang Divisional Board,which became theShire of Nerangin 1903. In 1914, Coolangatta had its ownlocal government,theTown of Coolangatta,but in 1949 it was amalgamated into theTown of South Coast,which later becameCity of Gold Coast.[15]

TheCoolangatta Starnewspaper was published from 1916 to 1927. In May 1927, the Tweed Heads and Coolangatta star amalgamated with theCoolangatta Chronicleto become theBorder Star.[16]TheBorder Starnewspaper ceased publication in 1942.[17]

In January 1919, the border between Queensland and New South Wales was closed to all traffic in response to the1918 flu pandemicin an attempt to stop the spread of the disease north into Queensland.[18]People found themselves stranded on the one side of the border unable to return to their homes or employment on the other side.[19]Quarantine stations and camps were established to house travelers and stranded residents. One impact on the border closure was the need to duplicate services across the twin towns on the Queensland side of the border, as at 1 February 1919, Coolangatta had no doctor, no pharmacist, no milkman, no butcher and no undertaker. Nor did Coolangatta have a school nor a post office.[20]The border remained closed until May 1919.[21]

One of the services that required duplication was a school for 56 children living in Coolangatta but attending school in Tweed Heads.[22]Previously on 28 June 1918 the Queensland Department of Public Instruction had indicated their intention to establish a school at Coolangatta but no progress had been made. When the Coolangatta children were unable to return to their Tweed Heads school in February 1919, the Coolangatta Town Council made a meeting room available in their council chambers for use as a temporary school room and theQueensland Department of Public Instructionsent school furniture and one teacher from Brisbane, and Coolangatta Provisional School commenced operation on 10 February 1919. The next task was to construct a school building with two classrooms on the school reserve at 1 Garrick Street (corner of Powell Street,28°10′03″S153°32′02″E/ 28.1675°S 153.5338°E/-28.1675; 153.5338(Coolangatta State School (former))) on Kirra Hill.[23]Although expected to be completed in six months, it was not until the start of the 1920 school year that the new Coolangatta State School opened with 67 students under headmaster Claude de Jersey and another teacher.[24]It was officially opened on 2 October 1920 byQueensland GovernorMatthew Nathan.[24][25]Growth in the school over the decades subsequently led to its relocation to Stapylton Street, officially opening there on 26 November 1977. The old school bell from Kirra Hill was relocated to the Stapylton Street where it remains in daily use.[26]

There was astump-capping ceremonyheld for the Coolangatta Methodist Memorial Church on Sunday 8 June 1924.[27]The church was officially opened at 26-28 Lanham Street (28°10′09″S153°32′08″E/ 28.1693°S 153.5356°E/-28.1693; 153.5356(Coolangatta Methodist Church)) on Sunday 27 September 1924 by Reverend Dr George Edward Rowe.[28]Following the Methodist Church amalgamating into theUniting Church in Australiain 1977, the church became Coolangatta Uniting Church. In June 1988 the Uniting Church in Coolangatta and Tweed Heads merged to form the Twin Towns Uniting Church.[29]In 1992 the growing population inBanora Pointin New South Wales resulted in the decision to open a Uniting Church there and in the late 1990s, that church became a parish in its own right with the Twin Towns parish now serving only Coolangatta.[30][31]

St Augustine's Catholic Church at its opening, December 1926

On Monday 31 April 1925ArchbishopJames Duhiglaid the foundation stone of St Augustine's Catholic Church.[32]On Sunday 19 December 1926 Duhig returned to officially open and bless the church.[33]The church was built in a commanding position overlooking the Pacific Ocean in the Italian Romanesque style. The tower is 110 feet (34 m) high.[34]

St Augustine's Catholic School was established in 1926 by theDaughters of Our Lady of the Sacred Heart.From 1950 the school was operated by Missionary Franciscan Sisters of the Immaculate Conception. On 27 January 1987 the school relocated to a new site inCurrumbin Waters.In 1992 the sisters ended their association with the school which is now underlayadministration.[35][36]

The foundation stone of St Peter's Anglican Church at 34 Lanham Street (corner of Dutton Street,28°10′09″S153°32′10″E/ 28.1693°S 153.5362°E/-28.1693; 153.5362(St Peter's Anglican Church (former))) was laid on 31 October 1937 byArchbishopWilliam Wand.[37]It was dedicated in 1938 by Wand. Its closure circa 2013 was approved by ArchbishopPhilip Aspinall.[38][39]

An unnamed cyclone crossed the coast at Coolangatta on the night of 20 February 1954.[40]The storm quickly cleared from Queensland skies but moved south, causing widespread loss of life and flooding in New South Wales.

The railway line closed in 1961 due to the rising use of cars.[citation needed]

Little remains of the earliest structures at Coolangatta but some evidence remains of subsequent development in the early years of the twentieth century including theCoolangatta Hotel,Kirra Beach HotelandSt Augustine's Catholic Church (Coolangatta).In addition to the formerCoolangatta State School,theAnzac Memorial (Coolangatta),Jazzland Coolangatta,theKirra Beach Pavilion,Kirra Beach Shelter Shedand the remains ofJack Evans Porpoise Poolare on the Gold Coast Local Heritage Register.[41]

The border fence and gates that until recently were a characteristic of the area have now been removed but the sense of the border remains at Boundary Street running along the ridge of the headland between Queensland and New South Wales. The headland itself is an important landmark and tourist destination and is the site of thePoint Danger Lighthouse.Coolangatta symbolises the terminus of the Gold Coast and the long strip of beach that begins atMain Beachforty kilometres to the north.

Coolangatta and its surrounds were the home of two early tourist attractions on the Gold Coast.Jack Evans Porpoise Poolwhich was built atSnapper Rocksin 1957[42][43]andGilltraps Auto Museumwhich was established atKirrain 1959.[44]

Coolangatta Special School opened on 1 January 1979 on the Kirra Hill site vacated by the Coolangatta State School.[24]On 1 July 2006 the school was relocated to Currumbin Waters and renamed Currumbin Community Special School.[26][35][45][46]Following local agitation from the "Save Kirra Hill" group, the school buildings at the Kirra Hill site were transferred to theGold Coast City Councilin 2008 for community purposes. The Council spent $3 million in restoration and refurbishment before officially opening the site as the Kirra Hill Cultural and Community Centre in October 2011.[26]The Kirra Hill site is listed on theGold Coast Local Heritage Register.[47]

To commemorate the centenary of Coolangatta, in 1984 a stone from theCoolangatta Estatehomestead was donated by the citizens ofCoolangattanearBerry, New South Walesand was mounted on a plinth of granite fromAberdeen,Scotland, the birthplace ofAlexander Berry.

Twenty-first century

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The Coolangatta library opened in 2013.[48]

Coolangatta as seen in April 2020, when Queensland closed the border to New South Wales in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic.

During 2020 and 2021, the Queensland borders were closed to most types of traffic due to theCOVID-19 pandemic.Border crossing points were either closed or had aQueensland Policecheckpoint to allow entry to those with an appropriate permit. Griffith Street at Coolangatta was one of the police checkpoints, while other crossing points were closed.[49]

Geography

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Coolangatta and its immediate neighbouring "Twin Town"Tweed HeadsinNew South Waleshave a shared economy. TheTweed Riversupports a thrivingfishing fleet,and the seafood is a local specialty offered in the restaurants and clubs of the holiday and retirement region on both sides of the state border.

There are three hills in Coolangatta:

Point Dangeris a headland on the Queensland/New South Wales border (28°09′51″S153°33′06″E/ 28.1641°S 153.5516°E/-28.1641; 153.5516(Point Danger)).[53]It was widely believed to be named by LieutenantJames Cookon his1770 exploration of the eastern Australia coastlineinHMS Endeavour,but this is only partially correct. Cook did create the name, but he applied it to another headland further south (now known asFingal Head). This was confirmed in the 1823 map produced by explorerJohn Oxley.However a map published in 1831 based on the 1828 survey conducted onHMS Rainbowapplied the name Point Danger to the headland north of theTweed River.So while Cook created the name, he did not assign it to the current location.[54]

Rainbow Bay is offshore from the south-east of the suburb (28°09′50″S153°32′49″E/ 28.1638°S 153.5470°E/-28.1638; 153.5470(Rainbow Bay)). It was originally called Shark/Sharks Bay until 1926 when the Coolangatta Town Council decided to rename it after HMS Rainbow, asixth-ratefrigate, commanded by CaptainHenry John Rous,used in surveys of the area in 1828.[55][56]

There are three neighbourhoods within Coolangatta:

Point Danger Lighthouseis located on the Point Danger headland (28°09′54″S153°33′03″E/ 28.1650°S 153.5507°E/-28.1650; 153.5507(Point Danger Lighthouse)).[60]

There are three beaches in the suburb, from west to east:

There is a breakwater extending from Kirra Hill in the ocean which protects Coolangatta Beach from erosion (28°09′55″S153°32′11″E/ 28.1652°S 153.5363°E/-28.1652; 153.5363(breakwater)).[64]

TheGold Coast Airport,formerly known as Coolangatta Airport, is not located within the present suburb boundaries but within neighbouringBilingawith part of the runway extending across the border into Tweed Heads in New South Wales.[3]

Climate

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Coolangatta has ahumid subtropical climate(Köppen climate classificationCfa) with warm, wet summers and cool, moist winters. Although there is four times as much rainfall in March as there is in September, Coolangatta is still considered to have no dry season because there is more than a tenth of the rainfall of the wettest month in the driest month of the year.

Climate data for Coolangatta
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 35.9
(96.6) 		40.0
(104.0) 		34.6
(94.3) 		32.9
(91.2) 		28.8
(83.8) 		27.5
(81.5) 		29.6
(85.3) 		31.7
(89.1) 		32.8
(91.0) 		35.6
(96.1) 		37.9
(100.2) 		38.0
(100.4) 		40.0
(104.0)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 28.6
(83.5) 		28.4
(83.1) 		27.4
(81.3) 		25.5
(77.9) 		23.3
(73.9) 		21.1
(70.0) 		20.8
(69.4) 		21.7
(71.1) 		23.5
(74.3) 		24.7
(76.5) 		26.2
(79.2) 		27.5
(81.5) 		24.9
(76.8)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 21.1
(70.0) 		21.0
(69.8) 		19.8
(67.6) 		17.1
(62.8) 		13.8
(56.8) 		11.5
(52.7) 		10.0
(50.0) 		10.5
(50.9) 		13.4
(56.1) 		15.9
(60.6) 		18.2
(64.8) 		19.8
(67.6) 		16.0
(60.8)
Record low °C (°F) 13.5
(56.3) 		15.0
(59.0) 		12.7
(54.9) 		7.3
(45.1) 		1.2
(34.2) 		0.6
(33.1) 		−0.1
(31.8) 		0.5
(32.9) 		3.0
(37.4) 		5.8
(42.4) 		9.3
(48.7) 		12.2
(54.0) 		−0.1
(31.8)
Averageprecipitationmm (inches) 159.9
(6.30) 		196.4
(7.73) 		202.7
(7.98) 		157.8
(6.21) 		129.3
(5.09) 		131.6
(5.18) 		73.5
(2.89) 		54.8
(2.16) 		42.6
(1.68) 		92.0
(3.62) 		115.5
(4.55) 		157.5
(6.20) 		1,510.7
(59.48)
Average precipitation days 14.7 16.4 18.4 15.7 14.9 13.0 10.2 8.0 8.5 10.5 12.1 13.8 156.2
Average afternoonrelative humidity(%) 69 69 67 64 62 60 56 56 61 66 68 68 64
Source:Bureau of Meteorology[65]

Demographics

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In the2016 census,Coolangatta had a population of 5,948 people. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people made up 2.2% of the population. The median age of people in Coolangatta was 50 years. 67.6% of people were born in Australia. The next most common countries of birth were New Zealand 4.3% and England 4.0%. 80.2% of people spoke only English at home. Other languages spoken at home included Portuguese at 1.7%. The most common responses for religion were No Religion 32.3%, Catholic 21.9% and Anglican 15.4%.[66]

In the2021 census,Coolangatta had a population of 6,491 people.[1]

Education

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Coolangatta State School is a government primary (Prep to Year 6) school for boys and girls at Stapylton Street (28°10′19″S153°31′43″E/ 28.1720°S 153.5287°E/-28.1720; 153.5287(Coolangatta State School)).[67][68]In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 184 students with 19 teachers (14 full-time equivalent) and 11 non-teaching staff (8 full-time equivalent).[69]

There is no secondary school in Coolangatta. The nearest secondary school isPalm Beach Currumbin State High SchoolinPalm Beachto the north-west.[3]

The Coolangatta campus of TAFE Queensland is a technical college at 5 Scott Street (28°10′14″S153°32′24″E/ 28.1705°S 153.5399°E/-28.1705; 153.5399(Coolangatta TAFE)).[70]

Facilities

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Rainbow Bay seen from Greenmount Hill, Coolangatta

Coolangatta Magistrates Court is at 136 Musgrave Street (28°10′08″S153°32′05″E/ 28.1689°S 153.5346°E/-28.1689; 153.5346(Coolangatta Magistrates Court)).[71]

Coolangatta Police Station is on the corner of Musgrave and Mclean Streets (28°10′08″S153°32′04″E/ 28.1689°S 153.5345°E/-28.1689; 153.5345(Coolangatta police station)).[72]

Amenities

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TheGold Coast City Counciloperate a public library (28°10′03″S153°32′16″E/ 28.1675°S 153.5378°E/-28.1675; 153.5378(Coolangatta library)) on Level 1 of the Strand Shopping Centre (between Marine Parade and Griffith Street,28°10′04″S153°32′17″E/ 28.1677°S 153.5381°E/-28.1677; 153.5381(Strand Shopping Centre)).[73]

Coolangatta Post Office is at (28°10′06″S153°32′08″E/ 28.1683°S 153.5356°E/-28.1683; 153.5356(Coolangatta Post Office)).[71]

There are foursurf life savingclubs:

The Coolangatta branch of theQueensland Country Women's Associationmeets at their hall at 169 Griffith Street (28°10′05″S153°32′35″E/ 28.1680°S 153.5431°E/-28.1680; 153.5431(Coolangatta QCWA branch)).[74]

St Augustine's Catholic Church is on the corner of Mclean and Tweed Streets (28°10′15″S153°32′06″E/ 28.1708°S 153.5351°E/-28.1708; 153.5351(St Augustine's Catholic Church)).[75]

Twin Towns Coolangatta Uniting Church is at 26-28 Lanham Street (corner of McLean Street,28°10′09″S153°32′08″E/ 28.1693°S 153.5356°E/-28.1693; 153.5356(Twin Towns Coolangatta Uniting Church)).[76][77][31]

Sport

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Coolangatta has many sports teams.

Coolangatta Tweed Heads Australian Football Clubis aGold Coastbased club competing in theAFL QueenslandAustralian rules footballcompetition.

TheCoolangatta Tweed Barbarianscompete in theGold Coast and District Rugby Union.

The Coolangatta Surf Life Saving Club compete in the Winter Swimming Association of Australia Championships.[78]

Coolangatta Bowls Club is on the corner of Scott and Warner Streets (28°10′11″S153°32′20″E/ 28.1698°S 153.5390°E/-28.1698; 153.5390(Coolangatta Bowls Club)).[79]

Coolangatta Croquet Club is at 42 Lanham Street (28°10′11″S153°32′14″E/ 28.1696°S 153.5372°E/-28.1696; 153.5372(Coolangatta Croquet Club)).[80]

TheCoolangatta & Tweed Heads Golf Clubis at Soorley Street inTweed Heads South.[81]

Events

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Coolangatta hosts a number of sporting events:The Coolangatta Gold(surf life saving),Quiksilver Pro Gold Coast(surfing),Roxy Pro Gold Coast(surfing), andBeach Cricket Tri-Nations series(beach cricket).

Each June, Coolangatta hosts the Cooly Rocks On Festival, a two-week 1950s and 1960s nostalgia festival with free entertainment and attractions, includinghot rods,restored cars and revival bands playing music of the era.[82]

Billy cart races have been organised on Boundary Street in Coolangatta, with the most recent occurrences of these organised in association with the Cooly Rocks On Festival.[83]

Attractions

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The beaches are major attractions of Coolangatta. Popular lookouts and viewpoints include:

Heritage listings

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Lighthouseat Point Danger, Coolangatta, Queensland – a heritage-listed memorial to LieutenantJames CookofHM Bark Endeavourwho named the Point and described the area during the voyage of 1770.

There are a number of heritage sites in Coolangatta, including:

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Coolangatta is featured in the songIt's Hot in Brisbane but it's Coolangatta,recorded in 1953 by Gwen Ryan, Claude Carnell's Orchestra and additional vocals from Doug Roughton's Hokey Pokey Club.[102]Funded by 39 businesses, it is believed to be the first jingle written to promote an Australian tourist destination.[103]In 2008 the song was used as the theme for a Gold Coast Heritage exhibition about the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s on the Gold Coast, featuring oral histories and objects of Gold Coast residents.[104]

The sport-romance filmThe Coolangatta Goldwas set in the town. Coolangatta was also used as the fictitious town of Porpoise Spit in the 1994 filmMuriel's Wedding.

References

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  2. ^"Coolangatta – suburb in City of Gold Coast (entry 46040)".Queensland Place Names.Queensland Government.Retrieved22 November2020.
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  12. ^"Tweed Heads Life Saving Brigade".The Brisbane Courier.16 September 1911. p. 4.Archivedfrom the original on 22 November 2020.Retrieved16 September2014– via National Library of Australia.
  13. ^"Plan of allotments in sections 3, 14, 25, 16 & 17, town of Coolangatta... and portion 44 (special lease...) parish of Tallebudgera, county of Ward".rosettadel.slq.qld.gov.au.Archivedfrom the original on 22 November 2020.Retrieved26 November2019.
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