Wikipedia

Great Yarmouth

(Redirected fromCounty Borough of Great Yarmouth)
This is thelatest accepted revision,reviewedon27 July 2024.
For other uses, seeGreat Yarmouth (disambiguation).

Great Yarmouth(/ˈjɑːrməθ/YAR-məth), often calledYarmouth,is aseasidetown which gives its name to the widerBorough of Great YarmouthinNorfolk,England; it straddles theRiver Yareand is located 20 miles (32 km) east ofNorwich.[3]Its fishing industry, mainly forherring,shrank after the mid-20th century and has all but ended.[4]North Sea oilfrom the 1960s supplied an oil rig industry that services offshorenatural gasrigs; more recently, offshore wind power and other renewable energy industries have ensued.

Great Yarmouth
Clockwise from top left:Great Yarmouth Town Hall,Britannia Monument,Old Vicarage with the tower ofthe minster churchin background, Church Plain, Empire Theatre and Marine Parade, Anna Sewell’s House, Camperdown
motto:Rex et Nostra Jura(Latin)
"The King and Our Rights"
Great Yarmouth is located in Norfolk
Great Yarmouth
Great Yarmouth
Location withinNorfolk
Area3.89 sq mi (10.1 km2)
Population99,745 (Borough, 2021)[1]
28,985 (Built-up area, 2021)[2]
OS grid referenceTG5207
District
Shire county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Areas of the town
List
Post townGREAT YARMOUTH
Postcode districtNR30
Dialling code01493
PoliceNorfolk
FireNorfolk
AmbulanceEast of England
UK Parliament
Website[1]
List of places
UK
England
Norfolk
52°36′22″N1°43′44″E/ 52.606°N 1.729°E/52.606; 1.729

Yarmouth has been a resort since 1760 and a gateway from theNorfolk Broadsto theNorth Sea.Holidaymaking rose when a railway opened in 1844, bringing easier, cheaper access and some new settlement.Wellington Pieropened in 1854 and Britannia Pier in 1858. Through the 20th century, Yarmouth boomed as a resort, with apromenade,pubs, trams, fish-and-chip shops, theatres, thePleasure Beach,theSea Life Centre,theHippodrome Circus,theTime and Tide Museumand a Victorian seasideWinter Gardenin cast iron and glass.

Geography and demography

edit

Great Yarmouth is located on a 3.1-mile (5.0 km)spitof land between theNorth SeaandRiver Yare.[5]It features historic rows of houses in narrow streets and a main tourist sector on the seafront. It is linked toGorleston,Cobholm and Southtown by Haven Bridge and to theA47andA149byBreydon Bridge.The urban area covers 8.3 sq mi (21 km2) and according to theOffice for National Statistics(ONS) in 2002 had a population of 47,288. It is the main town in theBorough of Great Yarmouth.[6]

The ONS identifies a Great Yarmouth urban area as having a population of 68,317, which includes the sub-areas ofCaister-on-Sea(population 8,756) and Great Yarmouth (population 58,032). The wider Great Yarmouth borough had apopulationof around 92,500, which increased to 97,277 at the2011 United Kingdom census.[7]Ethnically, Great Yarmouth was 92.8 per centWhite British,with the next biggest ethnic demographic beingOther Whiteat 3.5 per cent – Eastern Europeans in the main.[8]

History

edit
Great Yarmouth Minster
Regent Road before the 2016 fire

Great Yarmouth (Gernemwa, Yernemuth) lies near the site of theRoman fortcamp ofGariannonumat the mouth of the River Yare. Its situation having attracted fishermen from theCinque Ports,a permanent settlement was made, and the town numbered 70burgessesbefore theNorman Conquest.Henry Iplaced it under the rule of areeve.

In 1101 theChurch of St Nicholaswas founded byHerbert de Losinga,the first Bishop of Norwich, and consecrated in 1119. This was to be the first of several priories founded in what was a wealthy trading centre of considerable importance. In 1208,King Johngranted acharterto Great Yarmouth. The charter gave his burgesses of Yarmouth general liberties according to the customs ofOxford,a gild merchant and weekly hustings, amplified by several later charters asserting the rights of the borough against Little Yarmouth and Gorleston. The town is bound to send to the sheriffs of Norwich every yearone hundred herrings, baked in twenty four pasties,which the sheriffs are to deliver to the lord of the manor of East Carlton who is then to convey them to the King.[9]

A hospital was founded in Great Yarmouth during the reign ofEdward Iby Thomas Fastolfe, father ofThomas Fastolf,Bishop of St David's.In 1551, agrammar schoolfounded and the great hall of the old hospital was appropriated for its use. The school was closed from 1757 to 1860 but re-established by charity trustees and settled in new buildings in 1872.

The 41-metre-tall (135 ft)Britannia Monument,built in 1817

In 1552,Edward VIgranted a charter of admiralty jurisdiction, later confirmed and extended byJames I.Elizabeth Icame to Great Yarmouth in July 1578.[10]In 1668 a charter fromCharles IIextended the borough boundaries to also include Little Yarmouth (also known as Southtown), which lay on the opposite bank of the Yare in the parish of Gorleston inSuffolk.[11]In 1703 a new charter fromQueen Annereplaced the twobailiffsby amayor.In 1673, during theThird Anglo-Dutch War,theZealand Expeditionwas assembled in the town. In 1702 theFishermen's Hospitalwas founded.[12]In the early 18th century, Yarmouth, as a thriving herring port, was vividly and admiringly described several times inDaniel Defoe's travel journals, in part as follows:[13]

Yarmouth is an ancient town, much older than Norwich; and at present, tho' not standing on so much ground, yet better built; much more compleat; for number of inhabitants, not much inferior; and for wealth, trade, and advantage of its situation, infinitely superior to Norwich.

It is plac'd on a peninsula between the River Yare and the sea; the two last lying parallel to one another, and the town in the middle: The river lies on the west-side of the town, and being grown very large and deep, by a conflux of all the rivers on this side the county, forms the haven; and the town facing to the west also, and open to the river, makes the finest key in England, if not in Europe, not inferior even to that ofMarseillesitself.

The ships ride here so close, and as it were, keeping up one another, with their head-fasts on shore, that for half a mile [800 m] together, they go cross the stream with their bolsprits over the land, their bowes, or heads, touching the very wharf; so that one may walk from ship to ship as on a floating bridge, all along by the shore-side: The key reaching from the drawbridge almost to the south-gate, is so spacious and wide, that in some places 'tis near one hundred yards from the houses to the wharf. In this pleasant and agreeable range of houses are some very magnificent buildings, and among the rest, the custom-house and town-hall, and some merchants houses, which look like little palaces, rather than the dwelling-houses of private men.

The greatest defect of this beautiful town, seems to be, that tho' it is very rich and encreasing in wealth and trade, and consequently in people, there is not room to enlarge the town by building; which would be certainly done much more than it is, but that the river on the land-side prescribes them, except at the north end without the gate....

The formerRoyal Naval Hospital,now converted into flats
Going to Sea, Yarmouth, Norfolk, England, 1883, by Oswald W. Brierly

In 1797, during theFrench Revolutionary Wars,the town was the main supply base for the North Sea Fleet. The fleet collected at theYarmouth Roads,from whence it sailed to the decisiveBattle of Camperdownagainst the Dutch fleet.[14]

Again in 1807, during theNapoleonic Wars,the collected fleet sailed from theroadsteadto theBattle of Copenhagen.[15]

From 1808 to 1814, the Admiralty in London could communicate with its ships in Yarmouth by ashutter telegraph chain.Ships were routinely anchored offshore during theNapoleonic Warsand the town served as a supply base for theRoyal Navy.Part of anOrdnance Yardsurvives from this period on Southtown Road, probably designed byJames Wyatt:a pair of roadside lodges (which originally housed senior officers) frame the entrance to the site, which contains a sizeable armoury of 1806, a small barracks block and other ancillary buildings. Originally the depot extended down to a wharf on the River Yare and was flanked by a pair of storehouses, but these and other buildings were destroyed inThe Blitz.[16]A grander survival is the formerRoyal Naval Hospitaldesigned byWilliam Pilkington,begun in 1806 and opened in 1811. Consisting of four colonnaded blocks around a courtyard, it served as a navalpsychiatric hospital,then as a barracks.[17]The barrack-master was CaptainGeorge Manby,during his time in post he invented theManby mortar.The premises was transferred to theNHSin 1958. After its closure in 1993, the buildings were turned into private residences.[18]

The town was the site of a bridge disaster and drowning tragedy on 2 May 1845, when theYarmouth suspension bridgecrowded with children collapsed under the weight killing 79. They had gathered to watch a clown in a barrel being pulled by geese down the river. As he passed under the bridge the weight shifted, causing the chains on the south side to snap, tipping over the bridge deck.[19]

Great Yarmouth had an electric tramway system from 1902 to 1933. From the 1880s until the First World War, the town was a regular destination for Bass Excursions, when fifteen trains would take 8,000–9,000 employees of Bass'sBurtonbrewery on an annual trip to the seaside.

DuringWorld War I,Great Yarmouth suffered the first aerial bombardment in the UK, byZeppelinL3on 19 January 1915. That same year on 15 August,Ernest Martin Jehanbecame the first and only man to sink a steel submarine with a sail-riggedQ-ship,off the coast of Great Yarmouth. It wasbombarded by the German Navyon 24 April 1916.

Wellington Pierin 1930

The town suffered from bombing raids by the GermanLuftwaffeduringWorld War II,as the last significant place Germans could drop bombs before returning home, but much is left of the old town, including the original 2,000-metre (1.2 mi) protective medieval wall, of which two-thirds has survived, and eleven of the eigteen towers remain. On the South Quay is a 17th-century Merchant's House, as well asTudor,GeorgianandVictorianbuildings. Behind South Quay is a maze of alleys and lanes known as"The Rows".Originally there were 145. Despite war damage, several have remained.

The town was badly affected by theNorth Sea flood of 1953.More recentfloodinghas also been a problem, with four floods in 2006, the worst being in September. Torrentialraincaused drains to block and anAnglian Waterpumping station to break down, which causedflash floodingin which 90 properties were flooded up to 5 ft (1.5 m).[20]

On 1 April 1974, thecivil parishof Great Yarmouth was abolished.[21]

The southern section of the 2 mi (3.2 km)A47Great Yarmouth Western Bypass opened in May 1985, with the northern section opened in March 1986. The bypass was re-numbered as part of theA12,until it returned to being part of the A47 in February 2017.

In February 2023, there was an explosion onRiver Yarewhen disposal ofunexploded ordnancefrom World War II resulted in accidental detonation.[22]

Sightseeing and tourism

edit
Panorama of Hall Quay seen from Southtown, showing the Town Hall and Star Hotel. Historic South Quay continues to the right of the image.

The Tollhouse withdungeons,dating from the late 13th century, is one of Britain's oldest formergaolsand oldest civic buildings.[23][24][25]It backs onto the central library. Major sections of the medieval town walls survive around the parish cemetery and in parts of the old town.

Great Yarmouth Minster(the Minster Church of St Nicholas, founded in the 12th century as an act of penance) stands in Church Plain, just off the market place. It is the third largest parish church in England, afterBeverley Minsterin theEast Riding of YorkshireandChristchurch PrioryinDorset.Neighbouring Church Plain has the 17th-century timber-framed house whereAnna Sewell(1820–1878), author ofBlack Beauty,was born.

Themarketplace, one of England's largest, has functioned since the 13th century. It is also home to the town's shopping sector and the famous Yarmouth chip stalls. The smaller area south of the market is used as a performance area for community events and for access to the town's shopping centre,Market Gates.

Great Yarmouth railway stationis the terminus of theWherry Linesfrom Norwich. Before theBeeching Axe,the town had a number of stations and a direct link to London down the east coast. The only remaining signs of these is a coach park, where Beach Station once was, and theA12relief road, which follows the route of the railway down into the embankment from Breydon Bridge.

Britannia Pier,May 2012

Yarmouth has twopiers:Britannia Pier(Grade II listed)[26]) andWellington Pier.The theatre building on the latter was demolished in 2005 and reopened in 2008 as a family entertainment centre, including a ten-pin bowling alley overlooking the beach. Britannia Pier holds the Britannia Theatre, which during the summer has featured acts such asJim Davidson,Jethro,Basil Brush,Cannon and Ball,Chubby Brown,theChuckle Brothers,andThe Searchers.It is one of the few end-of-the pier theatres surviving in England.

TheScroby Sands Wind Farmof thirty generators is within sight of the seafront, with its giant wind generators. Also visible aregrey sealsduring their breeding season. The country's only full-time circus,Hippodrome Circus,is just off the seafront.

TheGrade II listedWinter Gardensbuilding sits next to theWellington Pier.Thecast iron,framed glass structure was shipped by barge fromTorquayin 1903, ostensibly without the loss of a single pane of glass. Over the years, it has been used asballroom,roller skatingrink andbeer garden.In the 1990s it was converted into anightclubbyJim Davidsonand has since been used as a family leisure venue. It is currently closed. In the meantime it has been named by theVictorian Societyas a heritage building at risk of disrepair.[27]

Great Yarmouth's seafront, known as "The Golden Mile" attracts millions of visitors each year to its sandy beaches, indoor and outdoor attractions and amusement arcades. Great Yarmouth's Marine Parade has twelve Amusement Arcades within 2 square miles (5.2 km2), including: Atlantis, The Flamingo, Circus Circus, The Golden Nugget, The Mint, Leisureland, The Majestic, The Silver Slipper, The Showboat, Magic City, Quicksilver and The Gold Rush, opened in 2007. In addition to the two piers, tourist attractions on Marine Parade include Joyland, Pirates Cove Adventure Golf, Castaway Island Adventure Golf, the Marina Centre, the Sea Life Centre, Merrivale Model Village and thePleasure Beachand Gardens.

In August 2019, the Venetian Waterways and gardens reopened. The waterways, running parallel to the main beach, were a feature constructed as a work-creation scheme in 1926–1928, consisting of canals and formal gardens, with rowing boats,pedalosandgondolas.These had been allowed to silt up, decay and become abandoned. With a grant from theHeritage Lottery Fundof £1.7m and the labour of volunteers, the flowerbeds have been restored with 20,000 plants, and the 1920s cafe has been restored. That and the boat hire are being run by a social enterprise.[28]

The South Denes area is home to the Grade I listed Norfolk Naval Pillar, known locally as theBritannia Monumentor Nelson's Monument. This tribute toNelsonwas completed in 1819, 24 years before the completion ofNelson's Columnin London. The monument, designed byWilliam Wilkins,showsBritanniastanding atop aglobeholding anolive branchin her right hand and atridentin her left. There is a popular assumption in the town that the statue of Britannia was supposed to face out to sea but now faces inland due to a mistake during construction, although it is thought she is meant to face Nelson's birthplace atBurnham Thorpe.The monument was originally planned to mark Nelson's victory at theBattle of the Nile,but fundraising was not completed until after his death and it was instead dedicated to England's greatest naval hero. It is currently surrounded by an industrial estate but there are plans to improve the area. The Norfolk Nelson Museum on South Quay housed the Ben Burgess collection of Nelson memorabilia and was the only dedicated Nelson museum in England. Its several galleries looked at Nelson's life and personality, and at what life was like for men who sailed under him. It closed in 2019.

Small boat at theTime and Tide Museum

Charles Dickensused Yarmouth as a key location in his novelDavid Copperfield,and described the town as "the finest place in the universe".[29]Dickens stayed at the Royal Hotel on the Marine Parade while writing the novel.

TheTime and Tide Museumin Blackfriars Road, managed by Norfolk Museums Service, was nominated in the UK Museums Awards in 2005. It was built as part of a regeneration of the south of the town in 2003. Its location in an oldherringsmokeryharks back to the town's status as a major fishing port. Sections of the historictown wallstand opposite the museum, next to the Great Yarmouth Potteries, part of which is housed in another former smoke house. The town wall is among the most complete medieval town walls in the country, with 11 of the 18 original turrets still standing. Other museums in the town include the National Trust's Elizabethan House, the Great Yarmouth Row Houses, managed byEnglish Heritage,and the privately ownedBlitz and Pieces,based on theHome FrontduringWorld War II.

The Maritime Heritage East partnership, based at the award-winning Time and Tide Museum aims to raise the profile of maritime heritage and museum collections.

In October 2021, street artistBanksycreated a number of murals in the town as part of his setA Great British Spraycation.

Governance

edit
Main article:Great Yarmouth Borough Council

There are two tiers of local government covering Great Yarmouth, atdistrictandcounty level:Great Yarmouth Borough CouncilandNorfolk County Council,based in Norwich. The borough council meets atGreat Yarmouth Town Hallin Hall Plain, which is a Grade II*listed building.[30]

Great Yarmouth was anancient borough.The original borough was entirely on the north side of the Yare, which formed the historic boundary between Norfolk and Suffolk. After the borough was enlarged to include Southtown in 1668 the borough straddled the two counties.[11]The borough was reformed to become amunicipal boroughin 1836 under theMunicipal Corporations Act 1835,at which point the boundaries were enlarged to include all of the parish of Gorleston.[31][32]When elected county councils were created in 1889, Great Yarmouth was considered large enough to provide its own county-level services and so it became acounty borough,independent from Norfolk County Council.[33]For ceremonial and judicial purposes the borough continued to straddle Norfolk and Suffolk until 1 April 1891 when the county boundary was adjusted to place the whole borough in Norfolk.[34]

The County Borough of Great Yarmouth was abolished in 1974 under theLocal Government Act 1972.The area became part of the largerBorough of Great Yarmouth,a lower-tiernon-metropolitan district,with Norfolk County Council providing county-level services to the town for the first time. Nosuccessor parishwas created for the area of the former county borough, which therefore became anunparished area,directly administered by Great Yarmouth Borough Council.[35]

Great Yarmouthis aconstituencyrepresented in theHouse of Commonsof theParliament of the United Kingdom.Its current MP, starting 5 July 2024, isRupert Loweof theReform UK.

Wildlife

edit
Central Beach close to the Jetty

The Yarmouth area provides habitats for a number of rare and unusual species. The area between the piers is home to one of the largest roosts ofMediterranean gullsin the UK.Breydon Water,just behind the town, is a major wader and waterfowl site, with winter roosts of over 100,000 birds.Grey sealandcommon sealare frequently seen offshore, as are seabirds such asgannet,little auk,common scoter,razorbill,Gullandguillemot.

This and the surroundingHalvergate Marshesare environmentally protected. Most of the area is now managed by conservation organisations, principally theRSPB.The North Denes area of the beach is anSSSIdue to its dune plants, and supports manyskylarksandmeadow pipits,along with one of the largestlittle terncolonies in the UK each summer, and a small colony ofgraylingbutterflies. Other butterflies found includesmall copperandcommon blue.

The nearby cemetery is a renowned temporary roost for spring and autumn migrants.Common redstartandpied flycatcherare often seen during their migration[citation needed].It has also recorded the first sightings of a number of rare insects blown in from the continent.

Sport and leisure

edit

The main localfootballclub isGreat Yarmouth Town,known as the Bloaters, which plays in theEastern Counties League.Its ground is at Wellesley Recreation Ground, named afterSir Arthur Wellesley,later to become the Duke of Wellington. There is strongEast Anglian rivalrywithGorleston.Local football clubs are served by the Great Yarmouth and District League.

Great Yarmouth has ahorse racecoursethat features a chute allowing races of one mile (1.6 km) on the straight.

Speedwayracing was staged before and after theSecond World War.The meetings were held at thegreyhound stadiumin Caister Road. The post-war team was known as theYarmouth Bloaters,after thesmoked fish.Banger and Stock car racingare also staged there.

The main Marina leisure centre, built in 1981, has a largeswimming poolandconference facilities;it holds live entertainment, such as summerpantomimevariety showsproduced by local entertainers Hanton & Dean. The centre is run by the Great Yarmouth Sport and Leisure Trust. The Trust was set up in April 2006 to run the building as a charitable non-profit-making organisation.

At the beginning of the 2008 summer season, a world's firstSegwayGrand Prix was opened at thePleasure Beachgardens.

The English Pool Association (EPA),[36]the governing body for 8-Ball Pool in England, holds its National Finals Competitions (including Inter-County and Inter-League, singles and team competitions, and England trials) over several weekends through the year at the Vauxhall Holiday Park[37]on the outskirts of Great Yarmouth.

Local media

edit

Local news and television programmes are provided byBBC EastandITV Anglia.Television signals is received from theTacolnestontransmitter or from one of the two local relay transmitters (Great Yarmouth and Gorleston on Sea).[38][39][40]

The town’s local radio stations areBBC Radio Norfolkon 95.1 FM,Heart Easton 102.4 FM,Greatest Hits Radio Norfolk & North Suffolk(formerlyThe Beach) on 103.4 FM, and Harbour Radio, a community radio station that broadcasts from the town on 107.4 FM.[41]

TheGreat Yarmouth Mercuryis the town's weekly local newspaper, alongside the county-wide newspaperEastern Daily Press.

Transport

edit

Railway

edit

TheWherry LineslinkNorwichandGreat Yarmouth railway station,with an hourly service operated byGreater Anglia;most services travel viaAcle,with the remainder viaReedham.[42]

Before theBeeching cuts,there were three other railway lines that entered the town:

The remaining Vauxhall station was renamed Great Yarmouth in 1989. It is the sole surviving station from a former total of seventeen within theboroughlimits.

Buses

edit

The bus station in Great Yarmouth is the hub for local routes, located beneathMarket Gates Shopping Centre.Services are operated predominantly byFirst Eastern Counties.TheExcel X1route, which linksNorwichandLowestoft,stops in the town. Other local bus services link the suburban areas ofMartham,Hemsby,Gorleston,BradwellandBelton.[44]

Port and river

edit
See also:Great Yarmouth Outer Harbour
Haven Bridge; one of the three main links to the town pictured in its upright position allowing boats to pass beneath

TheRiver Yarecuts off Great Yarmouth from other areas of the borough such asGorlestonand Southtown; as a result, the town's bridges became major transport links. Originally Haven Bridge was the only link over the river but, in the late 1980s, Breydon Bridge was built to take the A12 overBreydon Water,replacing the old railway bridge ofBreydon Viaduct.[45]In January 2020 construction began on a third river crossing, the Herring Bridge, which opened to traffic on 1 February 2024.[46]All three are lifting bridges, which can be raised to allow river traffic to pass through; this can result in traffic tailbacks. The phrase "the bridge was up" has become synonymous in the town with being late for appointments.[citation needed]

A ferry running between the southern tip of Great Yarmouth and Gorleston provided a much shorter link between the factories on South Denes and the mostly residential areas of Gorleston. However, increased running costs and the decline of industrial activity led to its closure in the early 1990s.[47]

Since 2006, the restored pleasuresteamertheSouthern Bellehas offered regular river excursions from the town's Haven Bridge. Built in 1925 for theEarl of Mount Edgcumbe,she is now owned by the Great Yarmouth and Gorleston Steam Packet Company Limited.[48]

Construction work on theGreat Yarmouth Outer Harbour,a deep-water harbour on theNorth Sea,began in June 2007 and was completed by 2009. Originally, there was to be a roll-on/roll-off ferry link withIJmuiden,which failed to materialise. An initiative by Seamax Ferries to connect Great Yarmouth and Ijmuiden by ferry was due to start in 2008.[49]Nor did installation of two large cranes in 2009, since removed, save plans for a container terminal, which have also been scrapped.[50]

Lifeboat station

edit
Main article:Great Yarmouth and Gorleston lifeboat station

There has been a lifeboat at Great Yarmouth since at least 1802. Early boats were privately operated, until theRNLItook over in 1857.[51]It has a lifeboat station at Riverside Road, Gorleston[a]from where theTrent-class lifeboatSamarbetaand B class (inshore) lifeboatSeahorse IVrun.[52]

Roadstead

edit

The anchorage off Yarmouth, known asYarmouthRoads,was seen as one of East Coast's best in the early 1800s. Their fleets gathered and set sail during the Napoleonic wars.[53]Nowadays the roadstead is more likely to be referred to as an anchorage.[54]

Roads

edit

The town is served by theA47and the terminatingA143.Until 2017, theA12from London terminated in Yarmouth; the route from Lowestoft was renumbered as the A47 byHighways England,as part of a wider road-improvement scheme, thereafter the A12 has terminated in Lowestoft instead of at Vauxhall roundabout. The relief road was built along the path of the old railway to carry the A12 onwards to Lowestoft and London.Roundabouts,junctions and bridges often become gridlocked atrush hour.

Third river crossing

edit

Plans were advanced for a third river crossing in Great Yarmouth to link northern Gorleston with the South Denes and theOuter Harbour,avoiding the congested town centre. A public consultation took place in mid-2009 over four possible proposals but plans were stalled by lack of funding and closure of the container terminal.[55]In 2016, additional funding of just over £1 million was pledged[56]and a potential crossing proposal outlined for the crossing to link the A12 at Harfrey's Roundabout to South Denes.[57][58]The bridge project was approved in 2020[59]construction of thebascule bridge,to be named "Herring Bridge" began in January 2021, and was set to end in May 2023.[60][61]During construction works, an unexploded German bomb from the Second World War was discovered and exploded during defusing attempts. Opening for road traffic will take place in 2024.[62]

Air

edit

TheNorth Denes Heliport,sited in the north of the town, is operated byCHC Helicopter.In 2011, the heliport's closure was announced, with operations moving toNorwich International Airport,but this has never occurred.[63]

First Responder group

edit

An East of England Ambulance Service First Responder group has been set up for the Great Yarmouth area. Made up of a group of volunteers within the community in which they live or work, they are trained to attend emergency 999 calls by the NHS Ambulance Service.[64]

Enterprise zone

edit

Great Yarmouth and Lowestoft Enterprise Zonewas launched in April 2012. Its sites include Beacon Park and South Denes in Great Yarmouth.[65]

Notable people

edit

Medieval

edit

16th century

edit

17th century

edit

18th century

edit

19th century

edit

20th century

edit

Twin towns

edit

Great Yarmouth has beentwinnedwithRambouillet,France since 1956.[124]

See also

edit
  • Lydia Eva,the last surviving steam drifter of the Great Yarmouth herring fishing fleet
  • "Yarmouth Town",a traditional sea shanty set in the town

Notes

edit
  1. ^52°34′32″N 1°43′55″E / 52.575419°N 1.732039°E

References

edit
  1. ^"Great Yarmouth District".City Population.Retrieved24 August2023.
  2. ^"Towns and cities, characteristics of built-up areas, England and Wales: Census 2021".Census 2021.Office for National Statistics.Retrieved8 August2023.
  3. ^Ordnance Survey (2005).OS Explorer Map OL40 – The Broads.ISBN0-319-23769-9.
  4. ^"Town's last fishing boat fights tide and time".The Daily Telegraph.14 January 2008.Archivedfrom the original on 12 January 2022.
  5. ^Encyclopedia of the World's Coastal Landforms.Springer Science & Business Media. 2010. p.454.ISBN978-1-402-08638-0.
  6. ^Office for National Statistics & Norfolk County Council (2001).Census population and household counts for unparished urban areas and all parishes.Retrieved 2 December 2005.
  7. ^"Great Yarmouth Authority population 2011".Retrieved25 August2015.[permanent dead link]
  8. ^Services, Good Stuff IT."Great Yarmouth – UK Census Data 2011".UK Census Data.Retrieved4 October2018.
  9. ^Nuttall, P Austin (1840).A classical and archæological dictionary of the manners, customs, laws, institutions, arts, etc. of the celebrated nations of antiquity, and of the middle ages.London. p. 555.
  10. ^HMC 9th Report: Great Yarmouth(London, 1883), p. 316.
  11. ^abSuckling, Alfred (1846).The History and Antiquities of the County of Suffolk.Ipswich: W. S. Crowell. pp. 360–380.
  12. ^"Fisherman's Hospital".greatyarmouthculturalheritage.co.uk.Great Yarmouth Cultural Heritage.Retrieved17 February2019.
  13. ^Daniel Defoe,A tour thro' the whole island of Great Britain, divided into circuits or journies(1724), Letter 1, Pt 3. Defoe's several descriptions may be accessed on theVision of Britain website.
  14. ^Finch-Crisp, William (1877).Chronological Retrospect of the History of Great Yarmouth and Neighbourhood from A.D. 46 to 1884.Great Yarmouth: William Finch-Crisp.
  15. ^Finch-Crisp, William (1877).Chronological Retrospect of the History of Great Yarmouth and Neighbourhood from A.D. 46 to 1884.Great Yarmouth: William Finch-Crisp.
  16. ^"Norfolk Heritage Explorer".
  17. ^Chambers, John (1829).A general history of the county of Norfolk.Norwich. p. 276.
  18. ^"A Brief History of the Royal Naval Hospital, Great Yarmouth".
  19. ^"The Fall of Yarmouth Road".AngliaCampus. Archived fromthe originalon 16 July 2011.Retrieved11 October2009.
  20. ^"England; Norfolk; Homes under water in flash floods".BBC News.25 September 2006.Retrieved29 January2010.
  21. ^"Great Yarmouth Registration District".UKBMD.Retrieved3 October2022.
  22. ^"Great Yarmouth: Huge blast after unplanned WW2 bomb detonation".BBC News.10 February 2023.Retrieved10 February2023.
  23. ^John Greaves Nall (1866).Great Yarmouth and Lowestoft: A Handbook for Visitors and Residents.Longmans, Green, Reader & Dyer. p. 257.
  24. ^Clive Tully (1990).The Visitor's Guide to East Anglia.MPC. p. 69.ISBN978-0-86190-356-6.
  25. ^John Steane (30 October 2014).The Archaeology of Medieval England and Wales.Routledge. p. 25.ISBN978-1-317-59994-4.
  26. ^"Great Yarmouth Britannia Pier – National Piers Society".Archived fromthe originalon 5 October 2013.Retrieved4 October2013.
  27. ^"Victorian Society reveals top 10 buildings 'crying out' to be saved".BBC News.12 September 2018.
  28. ^Addley, Esther (17 August 2019)."New life flows into Great Yarmouth as waterways reopen".The Guardian.Retrieved17 August2019.
  29. ^Biddle, Sophie (8 August 2014)."Everyone aboard at Great Yarmouth's Big Day Out".Great Yarmouth Mercury.Archived fromthe originalon 2 January 2019.Retrieved2 January2019.
  30. ^Historic England."Town Hall (1246969)".National Heritage List for England.Retrieved25 December2020.
  31. ^The Statutes of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.p. 459.Retrieved23 August2023.
  32. ^The Statutes of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.1832. p. 353.Retrieved23 August2023.
  33. ^Local Government Act 1888
  34. ^"Local Government Board's Provisional Orders Confirmation (No. 13) Act 1890"(PDF).legislation.gov.uk.The National Archives. p. 13.Retrieved23 August2023.
  35. ^"The English Non-Metropolitan Districts (Definition) Order 1972",legislation.gov.uk,The National Archives,SI 1972/2039,retrieved24 August2023
  36. ^"English Pool Association – Home Page".Epa.org.uk.Retrieved26 March2013.
  37. ^"Norfolk Caravan Camping Lodge Holidays and Short Breaks – Vauxhall Holiday Park in Great Yarmouth".Vauxhall-holiday-park.co.uk.Retrieved26 March2013.
  38. ^"Tacolneston (Norfolk, England) Full Freeview transmitter".UK Free TV.1 May 2004.Retrieved21 January2024.
  39. ^"Great Yarmouth (Norfolk, England) Freeview Light transmitter".UK Free TV.1 May 2004.Retrieved21 January2024.
  40. ^"Gorleston on Sea (Norfolk, England) Freeview Light transmitter".UK Free TV.1 May 2004.Retrieved21 January2024.
  41. ^Radio, Harbour."Harbour Radio".Harbour Radio.Retrieved21 January2024.
  42. ^"Timetables".Greater Anglia.21 May 2023.Retrieved30 November2023.
  43. ^"The New Adlestrop Railway Atlas – historical UK railway map".www.systemed.net.Retrieved21 January2024.
  44. ^"Great Yarmouth Bus Services".Bus Times.2023.Retrieved30 November2023.
  45. ^Building the Breydon Bridge, June 1985Our Great Yarmouth, Retrieved 20 November 2010.
  46. ^Issimdar, Mariam; Turner, Andrew (1 February 2024)."What will the Herring Bridge river crossing mean for Great Yarmouth?".BBC News.Retrieved8 June2024.
  47. ^Great Yarmouth Ferry CrossingsOur Great Yarmouth; Retrieved 20 November 2010.
  48. ^The Southern BelleArchived21 November 2009 at theWayback Machine.Retrieved 29 October 2009.
  49. ^Seamax Ferries homepageArchived15 December 2017 at theWayback Machine.Retrieved 15 December 2017.
  50. ^Stephen Pullinger (10 November 2010)."Great Yarmouth outer harbour's £7m cranes to go".Eastern Daily Press.Archived fromthe originalon 13 November 2010.Retrieved20 November2010.
  51. ^RNLI history of Great Yarmouth & Gorleston lifeboat stationArchived8 January 2009 at theWayback Machine
  52. ^"Great Yarmouth and Gorleston Fleet".RNLI. Archived fromthe originalon 26 August 2007.Retrieved29 January2010.
  53. ^Parliamentary Papers, Volume 4.H.M. Stationery Office.1826. pp. 116, 224.
  54. ^"Anchorage of Great Yarmouth".MarineTraffic.com.Retrieved9 March2017.
  55. ^"Cash concerns over third crossing"Archived18 July 2011 at theWayback MachineEast Coast Live; Retrieved 20 November 2010.
  56. ^"Funding boost of £1m for third river crossing in Great Yarmouth"Archived18 January 2017 at theWayback MachineGreat Yarmouth Mercury; Retrieved 11 January 2017.
  57. ^"Public's Views Sought on Great Yarmouth Third River Crossing"Archived16 February 2017 at theWayback MachineGreat Yarmouth Mercury; Retrieved 11 January 2017.
  58. ^"Public Consultation on Third River Crossing"Archived13 January 2017 at theWayback MachineNorfolk County Council; Retrieved 11 January 2017.
  59. ^"Key river crossings in Lowestoft and Great Yarmouth given final approval".ITV News.27 November 2020.Archivedfrom the original on 4 January 2023.Retrieved4 January2023.
  60. ^"Third River Crossing".Norfolk County Council.Archivedfrom the original on 4 January 2023.Retrieved4 January2023.
  61. ^"Great Yarmouth third river crossing: Road upgrades close to completion".BBC News.30 December 2022.Archivedfrom the original on 4 January 2023.Retrieved4 January2023.
  62. ^"Great Yarmouth Third River Crossing".Great Yarmouth Borough Council.9 January 2024.Retrieved21 January2024.
  63. ^"Town's heliport to close next year – East Coast Live".Archived fromthe originalon 1 August 2012.Retrieved20 November2010.
  64. ^"Great Yarmouth First Responders".Great Yarmouth First Responders. Archived fromthe originalon 23 December 2010.Retrieved22 June2010.
  65. ^Dickson, Annabelle (12 January 2012)."Great Yarmouth and Lowestoft enterprise zone interest from around the world".EDP24.Eastern Daily Press.Archived fromthe originalon 23 September 2015.Retrieved13 March2015.
  66. ^The History of Parliament Trust, CLERE, Sir John (? 1511–1557), of London, Norwich and Ormesby, Norfolk. Retrieved December 2017.
  67. ^"Harborne, William".Dictionary of National Biography.Vol. 24. 1890.
  68. ^The History of Parliament Trust, OWNER, Edward (1575–1650), of Great Yarmouth, Norfolk. Retrieved December 2017.
  69. ^The History of Parliament Trust, POTTS, Sir John, 1st Bt. (c. 1592–1673), of Mannington, Norfolk. Retrieved December 2017.
  70. ^"William Bridge (1600–1670)".A Puritan's Mind.Retrieved14 December2023.
  71. ^"Goodwin, Thomas".Encyclopædia Britannica.Vol. 12 (11th ed.). 1911.
  72. ^"Ames, Joseph (1619-1695)".Dictionary of National Biography.Vol. 01. 1885.
  73. ^Salem Witch Trials in History and Literature, University of Virginia, 2001. Retrieved December 2017.
  74. ^Dictionary of Virginia Biography, Sir William Gooch (1681–1751). Retrieved December 2017.
  75. ^"Ames, Joseph".Encyclopædia Britannica.Vol. 01 (11th ed.). 1911.
  76. ^"Ames, Joseph (1689-1759)".Dictionary of National Biography.Vol. 01. 1885.
  77. ^"Swinden, Henry".Dictionary of National Biography.Vol. 55. 1898.
  78. ^"Sayer, James".Encyclopædia Britannica.Vol. 24 (11th ed.). 1911.
  79. ^"Ives, John".Dictionary of National Biography.Vol. 29. 1892.
  80. ^"Girdlestone, Thomas".Dictionary of National Biography.Vol. 21. 1890.
  81. ^"Manby, George William".New International Encyclopedia.1905.
  82. ^"Mary Dawson Turner".www.npg.org.uk.Retrieved21 March2021.
  83. ^"Turner, Dawson".Dictionary of National Biography.Vol. 57. 1899.
  84. ^Laughton, John Knox (1889)."Fisher, William (1780–1852)".InStephen, Leslie(ed.).Dictionary of National Biography.Vol. 19. London: Smith, Elder & Co. p. 75.
  85. ^Hurd, Archibald; Wilcox, E. H. (1914).German Sea-power: Its Rise, Progress, and Economic Basis.Scribner's sons. p. 295.Retrieved18 February2020.
  86. ^"Gooch, Robert".Dictionary of National Biography.Vol. 22. 1890.
  87. ^Dictionary of Australian Biography, HOVELL, WILLIAM HILTON (1786–1875) Retrieved December 2017.
  88. ^"Beeching, James".Dictionary of National Biography.Vol. 04. 1885.
  89. ^"Martin, Sarah".Dictionary of National Biography.Vol. 36. 1893.
  90. ^"Turner, George James".Dictionary of National Biography.Vol. 57. 1899.
  91. ^"Stebbing, Henry (1799-1883)".Dictionary of National Biography.Vol. 54. 1898.
  92. ^"McCormick, Robert".Dictionary of National Biography.Vol. 35. 1893.
  93. ^"Blanchard, Samuel Laman".Encyclopædia Britannica.Vol. 04 (11th ed.). 1911.
  94. ^"Palmer, Charles John".Dictionary of National Biography.Vol. 43. 1895.
  95. ^"Ransome, Robert".Dictionary of National Biography.Vol. 47. 1896.
  96. ^"Paget, George Edward".Dictionary of National Biography.Vol. 43. 1895.
  97. ^"Bell, John (1811-1895)".Dictionary of National Biography(1st supplement).1901.
  98. ^"Paget, Sir James".Encyclopædia Britannica.Vol. 20 (11th ed.). 1911.
  99. ^Sewell, Anna (1897)."Sewell, Mary".Dictionary of National Biography.Vol. 51.
  100. ^Caister Lifeboat website. Retrieved December 2017.
  101. ^Atlantic-Cable.com website, The Electrical Engineer, July 24, 1891, page 85retrieved December 2017.
  102. ^"Smith, Willoughby".Dictionary of National Biography.Vol. 53. 1898.
  103. ^"Archiseek website, Edis, Sir Robert William (1839–1927) Retrieved December 2017".Archived fromthe originalon 25 March 2012.Retrieved1 January2018.
  104. ^ArtCyclopedia website, Charles Burton Barber, "English Painter, 1845–1894/93". Retrieved December 2017.
  105. ^Inventory of Orde's art held by the RAF Museum. Retrieved December 2017.
  106. ^"Great Yarmouth Mercury, 2 September 2010. Retrieved December 2017".Archived fromthe originalon 2 January 2018.Retrieved1 January2018.
  107. ^Biographical note at Bookrags.com website. Retrieved December 2017.
  108. ^The Guardian, Obituary, 14 July 2009, Obituary, Naomi Lewis. Retrieved December 2017.
  109. ^"Jack Cardiff".The Daily Telegraph.24 April 2009.Archivedfrom the original on 4 May 2009.Retrieved25 September2019.
  110. ^The Daily Telegraph, 18 Apr 2006, Obituary, Peter Cadbury. Retrieved December 2017.
  111. ^HANSARD 1803–2005, Mr Peter Shore. Retrieved December 2017.
  112. ^"146 – design for maintenance".Flight International.2 May 1981. p. 1254. Archived fromthe originalon 6 March 2016.Retrieved1 December2017.
  113. ^The Guardian, 24 July 2003, Obituary, Gerald Hawkins. Astronomer who claimed Stonehenge was a computer. Retrieved December 2017.
  114. ^Parry, Jann."MacMillan, Sir Kenneth (1929–1992)",Oxford Dictionary of National Biography,Oxford University Press, January 2008, retrieved 22 November 2014.(subscription orUK public library membershiprequired)
  115. ^Website of Shipwrecks UK Ltd, founded by Richard Larn and Alan Jones. Retrieved December 2017.
  116. ^Hunt, Alex (14 September 2015)."A profile of John McDonnell – new shadow chancellor".BBC News.Retrieved15 October2020.
  117. ^"John McDonnell"(PDF).BBK.Retrieved15 October2020.
  118. ^Dickson, Annabelle (18 December 2016)."Shadow chancellor shares memories of growing up in Great Yarmouth".Great Yarmouth Mercury.Archived fromthe originalon 25 September 2018.Retrieved15 October2020.
  119. ^TheyWorkForYou.com – Anthony D Wright MP. Retrieved December 2017.
  120. ^Fisher, Alice (17 September 2023)."'The buildings were a sign of civic pride': anger as art colleges around the UK close their doors ".The Observer.ISSN0029-7712.Retrieved18 October2023.
  121. ^The Guardian, 12 March 2015, Woman wins right.... Retrieved December 2017.
  122. ^History-biography (20 June 2018)."Jason Statham".History and Biography.Retrieved28 January2020.
  123. ^"7 famous faces with Great Yarmouth links".Great Yarmouth Mercury.30 June 2022.Retrieved20 January2024.
  124. ^"French town and tourism stalwart receive freedom on Great Yarmouth borough".17 December 2019. Archived fromthe originalon 21 December 2019.Retrieved21 December2019.

Further reading

edit
  • Chisholm, Hugh,ed. (1911)."Yarmouth (Norfolk)".Encyclopædia Britannica.Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
  • Ferry, Kathryn (2009) "'The maker of modern Yarmouth': J. W. Cockrill", in: Kathryn Ferry, ed.,Powerhouses of Provincial Architecture, 1837–1914.London: Victorian Society; pp. 45–58
edit
Wikivoyage has a travel guide forGreat Yarmouth.
Wikimedia Commons has media related toGreat Yarmouth.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Great_Yarmouth&oldid=1237060845"