Cuttack districtis one of the 30districts of Odishastate inIndia.It is located in the coastal part of the state and its administrative headquarters are located in the city ofCuttack.As of 2011 Census, afterGanjam,it is the second most populous district of Odisha (out of30), with a population of 2,624,470.[1]The name is an anglicized form ofKatakaorKatakmeaning Fort – referring to theBarabati Fort.The district is bisected by the riverMahanadiand its numerous distributaries and occupies a large portion of the river's delta. It is bounded by theAngul,Dhenkanal,NayagarhandKhurdadistricts to the west while its southern and eastern boundaries touchPuri,Jagatsinghpur,KendraparaandJajpurdistricts.
Cuttack district | |
|---|---|
      Top:Barabati fort,Deojhar Waterfall, Baba Bukhari Dargah inCuttack,Anshupa Lake,Banasur Temple in Barapurikia,Bhattarika Temple | |
 Location in Odisha | |
| Coordinates:20°27′58″N85°49′59″E/ 20.466°N 85.833°E | |
| Country |  India |
| State |  Odisha |
| Headquarters | Cuttack |
| Government | |
| •Collector & District Magistrate | Hardik Satapathy,IAS |
| •Superintendent of Police | Jugal Kishore Banoth, IPS |
| Area | |
| • Total | 3,932 km2(1,518 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 25 m (82 ft) |
| Population (2011)[1] | |
| • Total | 2,624,470 |
| • Rank | 2nd |
| • Density | 666/km2(1,720/sq mi) |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Odia |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30(IST) |
| PIN | 753 xxx |
| Telephone code | 0671 |
| Vehicle registration | OD-05 |
| Sex ratio | 940♀/1000♂ |
| Literacy | 85.05% |
| Lok Sabhaconstituency | Cuttack |
| Vidhan Sabhaconstituency | 09 |
| Climate | Aw(Köppen) |
| Precipitation | 1,501.3 millimetres (59.11 in) |
| Avg. summer temperature | 40 °C (104 °F) |
| Avg. winter temperature | 10 °C (50 °F) |
| Website | cuttack |
History
editThe history of the district is the same as that of Odisha owing to the strategic location of Cuttack city. The city in some form or the other has been an administrative centre since the Kesari kings of the 10th century. The fort at Barabati continued to be the capital of theMughalswho started revenue settlement of Coastal Odisha – thus giving it the vernacular name of Mughalbandi. Occupied successively by theNawab of Bengaland theMaratha Empire,it finally fell to the British. Simultaneously, a number of petty princely states existed along the north and south bank of theMahanadiupstream from Cuttack. After the present Sadar subdivision of the district was conquered along with the rest of Coastal Odisha by theEast India Companyin 1803, a magistrate and judge were appointed for the newly conquered areas with headquarters atPuriwhich was later shifted to Cuttack city. Further reorganisation took place in 1828 and three districts ofBalasore,PuriandCuttackwith headquarters at towns of the same name were constituted. Each district was headed by an officer known as the Collector and District Magistrate who was a member of theIndian Civil Service.The Commissioner of Orissa division with superintendence powers over these three districts as well as the associated princely states also had his headquarters at Cuttack.
The subdivision ofBankicomprising the feudatory state of Banki and zamindari of Dampada was added to the district in 1840 after the Raja was deposed for murder. The district reached its greatest extent after 1948 when the princely states ofNarasinghpur,Baramba,AthagadandTigiriawere added to the district post their accession to India. Subdivisions like Gram Panchayats and Community Developments blocks were introduced in 1962. A small portion of the district adjoiningBhubaneswarwas transferred toPuri districtthat year.
Before the division of the district in 1992, it was the largest in Odisha by population. It had no less than 42 blocks and six subdivisions with headquarters at Banki, Athagad, Cuttack,Jajpur,JagatsinghpurandKendrapada.The last three were split off to form separate districts that year.
Geography and Climate
editThe district covers an area of 3,932 km2.The geographical location of the district is 20,4625° N latitude and 85.8830° E longitude. The average annual precipitation over the district is about 1,440 mm, most of which occurs during south-west monsoon period (June to September). The temperature seems moderate for the area throughout the year except for the summer season (March to mid-June), where the average maximum temperature is 41 °C. The average minimum temperature over the district is 10 °C.[2]
The district is divided into two distinct geographic regions. The Sadar subdivision mostly consists of the alluvial delta formed by the RiverMahanadiand its distributaries. The width of the delta stretches to about 60–75 kilometres from the coast. The land is mostly flat and is intersected by numerous channels, active and abandoned, of the Mahanadi system. Few isolated hillocks nearCuttackform the only break in the plain. The land is often waterlogged during the Monsoon and an elaborate system of canals, embankments and weirs is used for both flood control and irrigation. Paddy is the primary crop and is grown throughout the year. The villages are located on an artificial high ground and are usually surrounded by copses ofbanyan,mangoand other large trees. Most villages have one or more tanks calledpokharisthat supply their fresh water needs.
The Athagad and Banki subdivisions consist of broken hill country on either side of the Mahanadi river. Most of the hills are of low height and present a rounded appearance reaching a maximum of around 2500 feet along the border withHindol.Occasional fertile, narrow valleys formed by riverine action are also found – especially nearKhurda district.Numerous small streams run down these hills to join the Mahanadi. Substantial forested tracts are still to be found in the Dampada block and Narasinghpur blocks while Athagad, Tigiria and Badamba blocks are largely agricultural. A thick layer ofsandstoneunderlies these subdivisions while occasionallateritestone outcrops can be seen at many places.
Administration
editThe district is headed by a collector and district magistrate, usually from theIndian Administrative Service.The collector combines revenue collection functions with law and order responsibilities under the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973. He is also the lynchpin of development activities in the district and chairs numerous committees to oversee the same. In his day-to-day functions, he is assisted by two additional district magistrates who look after Revenue and General Administration. The district is divided into a total of 15 Tahsils each headed by a Tahsildar for land revenue purposes.[3]
Development activities in the district under the Panchayati Raj Department are overseen by the project director, District Rural Development Agency. The Collector is the ex-officio CEO of this agency. A total of 14 blocks under the Orissa Panchayat Samiti Act are operational in the district each headed by a Block Development Officer who reports directly to the project director and the collector.
Policing is the responsibility of theSuperintendent of Policeor SP who is nominally under the District Magistrate but is independent in practice. Each block has one or more police stations headed by an Inspector or Sub Inspector in-charge. After the introduction of theBhubaneswar–Cuttack Police Commissionerate,Magisterial powers in the urban area covered under it have been vested in the Commissioner of Police who exercises them through deputy and Assistant Commissioners of Police. The SP and senior officers of the Commissionerate are usually from theIndian Police Service.
The three subdivisions of Banki, Athagad and Sadar are each headed by a Sub Collector cum Sub Divisional Magistrate who exercises most of the powers of the Collector in his jurisdiction. His police counterpart is the Subdivisional Police Officer. The Sub Collector exercises both direct and indirect control over the Tahsils, Blocks and Police Stations in his jurisdiction.
The urban areas of Cuttack, Banki, Athagad andChoudwarare constituted as municipal bodies.Cuttack Municipal Corporationis usually headed by a seniorIndian Administrative Serviceofficer called the municipal commissioner who is independent from the collector in his day-to-day functioning. The other three urban bodies have executive officers who report to the project director, District Urban Development Authority and the Collector.[4]
The district and Sessions Judge of Cuttack handles both civil and criminal cases. He is assisted by a number of additional district judges, civil judges and magistrates at the headquarters. At the subdivision level, the Sub Divisional Judicial Magistrate heads the criminal justice system.
Education
editCuttack, a city in Odisha, India, has a rich educational landscape featuring schools run by the Cuttack Municipal Corporation as well as private entities. The city's schools provide courses in Bengali, Telugu, Hindi, Urdu, Gujarati, English, and Odia. While English-medium schools follow CBSE or ICSE curricula, Odia-medium schools have a connection with theBoard of Secondary Education,Odisha.
The oldest school near Odisha,Ravenshaw Collegiate School,is situated in the city and boasts renowned alumni includingHarekrushna Mahatab,Biju Patnaik,andNetaji Subhas Chandra Bose.Secondary Board High School,Ravenshaw Girls' High School,Stewart School,andDelhi Public School Kalingawere a few other renowned schools. Ranihat High School, Nua Bazar High School, Odisha Police High School,Sri Aurobindo Institute of Higher Studies and Research Matrubhaban,Christ Collegiate School,Kamalakanta Vidayapitha,Peary Mohan Academy, Badambadi New Colony High School,Buckley Girls School,Sri Aurobindo School Of New Thought, CRRI High School.
Cuttack's higher learning system, known as the 10+2+3/4 plan, provides for students to complete 10 years of formal schooling, two years of junior college, and possibly general or professional degree courses following that. Amongst the top colleges areSailabala Women's College,the oldest in Odisha,Stewart Science College,andRavenshaw College.
Additionally, Cuttack is linked to professional and technical schools such asMadhusudan Law College,which will soon be a university,Bhubananda Odisha School of Engineering (BOSE),and theInstitute of Management and Information Technology(IMIT).
One of the first teacher training institutions in Odisha is theRadhanath Institute of Advanced Studies in Education(RNIASE), which was established in 1869. Urdu teacher training is offered by the Muslim Minority Govt Elementary Teacher Education Institution in Sheikh Bazar.
Transport
edit
Cuttack's location places it at the centre of the road and railway network in Odisha.National Highway 16connectingKolkataandChennaipasses through the district. Major State Highways toDhenkanal,Banki,SambalpurandPuritake off from this road. Other important roads connect toBhubaneswar,Khurda,Jagatsinghpur and Kendrapara.
The main-line of theEast Coast RailwayconnectingHowrahtoChennai Centralhas a station at Cuttack. Lines toParadipandSambalpurviaTalchertake off from the district. Almost all trains passing through have a stop at Cuttack.
Waterways were formerly extremely important but are almost extinct now. Limited boating takes place for pleasure or fishing on the Mahanadi. The nearest airport,Biju Patnaik International Airportis about 30 km away from Cuttack city.
Economy
editCuttack is widely known as the commercial capital of Odisha. It is believed to have the largest GDP among all cities in Odisha due to its large business houses and wide range of industries ranging from ferrous alloys, steel and logistics to agriculture and traditional industries like textiles and handicrafts. There are many trading houses in the city renowned nationally and internationally. ThePort of Paradiparound 85 km from the city facilitates the process.
Large-scale industries
editThere are 11 large-scale industries in and around Cuttack mostly inChoudwarandAthagarhand many more in the pipeline. These industries include steel, power, automobile, alloys, fireclay, etc. Indian Metals & Ferro Alloys, the country's largest producer offerrousalloysis inChoudwar,Cuttack. A mega-auto complex is in implementation stages on the city's outskirts.
Traditional industries
editThe legacy of Cuttack in traditional industries is enviable. The city is second-largest hub for textiles in eastern India afterRaipur.The city's annual textile trade generates over a billion dollars. A large textile park is planned by giving a facelift to the erstwhile Orissa Textile Mills on city outskirts. Cuttack is famous for its glory of craftsmanship of handicraft work in silver filigree. These fine and unique handicraft works add significantly to the local economy.
Logistics and other industries
editThe number of medium- and small-scale industries concentrated around Cuttack is by far the largest among the cities in the state. The industrial estates in and around Cuttack numbers around eight.Jagatpurand Khapuria are industrial estates inside the city. A large chunk of these serve as ancillary industries for the big industrial houses in Odisha and other states.
Cuttack occupies a very significant place in the logistics map of the country. It connects the upper mineral-advanced districts and states to theKolkata-Chennaicorridor at the meeting point of NH-42 and NH-5 at Manguli Square.
The proximity toParadip Portcomes as an added advantage. OSL Group, one of the leading stevedore firms of the country is headquartered in Cuttack. Cuttack, being the largest business hub of the state is the nodal point of trade and transport. It also has the largest wholesale commodities market of the state at Malgodown and Chatrabazar catering to the whole state.
Primary and service sector
editAgriculture is a mainstay of Cuttack's economy. The nearby villages are known for their high-quality and surplus production of crops, vegetables and fruits. These are usually sold at the largest mandi of the state at Chatrabazar inside the city. The presence of Central Rice Research Institute (CRRI), the largest rice research institute in Asia, adds to the importance of Cuttack in the agricultural map of the country.
Being the former capital of the state and a big business hub, many central and state government and corporate offices are in Cuttack. The service sector is quite large. The people of nearby districts are heavily depended on the city for their livelihood, contributing to the service sector and, thus, the floating population. The presence ofOdisha High Courtand theSCB Medical & College,the largest medical institution in the state, further nourishes the service sector. The Oriya film industry,Ollywood,is based in Cuttack and adds to its economy. Education is a major industry due to large number of universities, colleges, schools and coaching centres and caters to the neighboring districts.
Demographics
edit| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 1901 | 816,086 | — |
| 1911 | 835,867 | +0.24% |
| 1921 | 812,372 | −0.28% |
| 1931 | 864,780 | +0.63% |
| 1941 | 905,515 | +0.46% |
| 1951 | 935,593 | +0.33% |
| 1961 | 1,131,236 | +1.92% |
| 1971 | 1,414,425 | +2.26% |
| 1981 | 1,719,771 | +1.97% |
| 1991 | 2,052,936 | +1.79% |
| 2001 | 2,340,832 | +1.32% |
| 2011 | 2,624,470 | +1.15% |
| source:[5] | ||
According to the2011 censusCuttack district has apopulationof 2,624,470,[1]roughly equal to the nation ofKuwait[6]or the US state ofNevada.[7]This gives it a ranking of 156th in India (out of a total of640).[1]The population is divided among 579,170 families. About 10% of the total population is of children below the age of 10 years. The district has a population density of 667 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,730/sq mi).[1]Itspopulation growth rateover the decade 2001–2011 was 11.86%.[1]Cuttack has asex ratioof 940femalesfor every 1000 males,[1]and aliteracy rateof 84.2%, both higher than the all India average. 28.05% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 19.00% and 3.57% of the population respectively.[1]The child sex ratio of 914 is lower than the overall district average.
Religion
editHindus are the overwhelming majority of the district's population with more than 93.65% of the population practisingHinduism.Scheduled Castesconstitute 19% of the overall population whileScheduled Tribesare about 3%. Religion plays an important role in the lives of people and temples are present in every habitation. Like much of Odisha,Jagannathis the preferred deity of worship while other gods and goddesses likeDurga,GaneshaandShivaalso have large shrines dedicated to them. Almost every village has a local shrine where the presiding female deity or Gram Thakurani is worshipped.[citation needed]
Odia Muslimsare about 5.38% of the population and are primarily concentrated inCuttackcity as well as the blocks ofMahanga,Salepur,NialiandNischintakoili.As noted above, they are distinguished by the use of Odia Hindustani as their mother tongue. Almost all areSunnisof theHanafischool. Small communities ofShia– mainlyBohraandIsmailifromGujaratare found in Cuttack city whileAhmadiyyaare found inTigiriablock. Large mosques are to be found in Cuttack, Raisunguda and Mahanga areas.[citation needed]
Christians number about 0.46% of the population and are almost all descendants of converts from Hinduism. They are concentrated in Cuttack city and a couple of nearby villages inAthagadblock. The population is mostlyRoman Catholicwith a large number ofChurch of North Indiaadherents as well. The community also runs a number of well regarded educational institutions throughout the district.[citation needed]
A small community ofMahayanaBuddhists numbering around 6,000 are found in the villages of Maniabandh and Nuapatna inBarambaand Tigiria blocks. This is the last remnant of a much larger Buddhist community that dominated Odisha for close to a thousand years till the 14th century. Almost all of them are weavers and produce the well regardedManiabandh sarees.Apart from the usual Buddhist deities, a large number of Hindu deities are also a part of their pantheon. They are unique in being the only indigenous Buddhists to have survived outside theHimalayasin mainland India.[citation needed]
Small communities of Sikhs and Jains are also found in Cuttack city. They are mostly traders and maintain strong links with their brethren in other parts of India.[citation needed]
Languages
editAt the time of the2011 Census of India,91.36% of the population in the district spokeOdia,4.66%Urdu,1.24%Hindi,0.86%Bengaliand 0.78%Teluguas their first language.[9]
Odiais the language of theOdia peopleand is spoken throughout the district. It is often the only language spoken outside the urban areas. Cuttack dialect ofOdia languageis widely considered to be the standard form of theOdia languageand is frequently used in Odia newspapers, medium of the instruction in schools and colleges, cinemas and literary works.
Urdu,or more properly Odia Hindustani, is the language of theOdia Muslimswho speak it as their mother tongue. In its general construction, the dialect is almost indistinguishable from the standard Hindi/Urdu of cities in Eastern India likeKolkataandPatna.However, the spoken dialect has a number of peculiar features due to the influence of Odia. The grammar is somewhat simplified and significant features of apatoisare seen.Code switchingis common and standard Urdu is always used for writing and formal communication. Most Muslims also speak Odia as a second language. Standard Hindi is the language of recent migrants from North India toCuttackcity.
Cuttack city also has smallBengaliandTelegucommunities who migrated during the late 19th century. The former were government officials or employed in the courts and offices while the latter were mostly labourers and menial workers. They speak their respective languages with significant Odia admixture.
Politics
editUnder the three-tier system ofPanchayati Raj,the district is divided into threeLok Sabhaconstituencies, 9 Vidhan Sabha constituencies, 1 Zila Parishad, 14 Panchayat Samitis and 373 Gram Panchayats.
The Zila Parishad is an elected body entrusted with the responsibility to oversee development activities in the district. It has 46 members including a president and a vice president. The collector is the ex-officio CEO of the Zila Parishad with the project director as the executive officer. The Panchayat Samitis are similar bodies at the block level with the block development officer as CEO. Gram Panchayats occupy the lowest rung and are headed by a Sarpanch assisted by an executive officer. Other Panchayat level officials include the Junior Engineer and the Gram Rozgar Sewak.
Most of Cuttack district is a part of theCuttack (Lok Sabha constituency)with the exception ofNialiwhich is a part ofJagatsinghpur (Lok Sabha constituency)along withSalepurandMahangawhich form a part ofKendrapara Lok Sabha constituency.
The following are the 9Vidhan sabhaconstituencies[10][11]of Cuttack district and their elected members[12]of that area
| No. | Constituency | Reservation | Extent of the Assembly Constituency (Blocks) | Member of 16th Assembly | Party |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 87 | Baramba | None | Baramba, Narasinghapur | Debi Prasad Mishra | BJD |
| 88 | Banki | None | Banki (NAC), Banki, Banki-Damapara, Baranga (part) | Debi Ranjan Tripathy | BJD |
| 89 | Athgarh | None | Athgarh (NAC), Athgarh, Tigiria, Tangi-Chowdwar (part) | Ranendra Pratap Swain | BJD |
| 90 | Barabati-Cuttack | None | Cuttack (MC) (part) | Sofia Firdous | Congress |
| 91 | Choudwar-Cuttack | None | Chowdwar (M), Chowdwar (O. G), Charbatia (C. T), Cuttack (MC) (part), Tangi-Chowdwar (part) | Souvic Biswal | BJD |
| 92 | Niali | SC | Niali, Kantapada, Baranga (part) | Chabi Mallik | BJP |
| 93 | Cuttack Sadar | SC | Cuttack Sadar, | Prakash Behera | BJP |
| 87 | Salipur | None | Salipur, Tangi-Chowdwar (part) | Prasanta Behera | BJD |
| 95 | Mahanga | None | Mahanga,Nischintakoili (part) | Pratap Jena | BJD |
See also
editReferences
edit- ^abcdefgh"District Census Handbook 2011 - Cuttack"(PDF).Census of India.Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
- ^Swain, S.; et al. (2017). "A multiple linear regression model for precipitation forecasting over Cuttack district, Odisha, India".2017 2nd International Conference for Convergence in Technology (I2CT).pp. 355–357.doi:10.1109/I2CT.2017.8226150.ISBN978-1-5090-4307-1.S2CID11416484.
- ^"Administrative Setup | District Cuttack, Government of Odisha | India".
- ^"CMC at a Glance – Cuttack municipal corporation".
- ^Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901
- ^US Directorate of Intelligence."Country Comparison:Population".Archived fromthe originalon June 13, 2007.Retrieved2011-10-01.
Kuwait 2,595,62
- ^"2010 Resident Population Data".U. S. Census Bureau. Archived fromthe originalon 2013-10-19.Retrieved2011-09-30.
Nevada 2,700,551
- ^"Table C-01 Population by Religious Community: Odisha".Census of India, 2011.Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
- ^ab"Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Odisha".Census of India 2011.Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
- ^Assembly Constituencies and their EXtent
- ^Seats of Odisha
- ^"List of Member in Sixteenth Assembly".ws.ori.nic.in.Archived fromthe originalon 2 May 2007.Retrieved19 February2013.
MEMBER NAME
External links
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