Wikipedia

Daytona USA

This article is about the 1994 arcade game. For the former museum, seeDaytona 500 Experience.For the 2000 video game, seeDaytona USA 2001.

Daytona USA[a]is a 1994arcaderacing gamedeveloped bySega AM2.Inspired by the popularity of theNASCARmotor racing series in the US, the game has players racestock carson one of three courses. It was the first game to be released on theSega Model 2arcade system board.Released bySegain March 1994,Daytona USAis one of the highest-grossingarcade gamesof all time.

Daytona USA
An arcade cabinet with a car in front of a large screen, surrounded by words.
Daytona USA arcade flyer with the deluxe cabinet pictured
Developer(s)Sega AM2
Publisher(s)Sega
Director(s)Toshihiro Nagoshi
Producer(s)Toshihiro Nagoshi
Yu Suzuki
Designer(s)Makoto Osaki
Yukinobu Arikawa
Programmer(s)Daichi Katagiri
Koki Koiwa
Hideomi Miyauchi
Composer(s)Takenobu Mitsuyoshi
SeriesDaytona USA
Platform(s)
ReleaseArcade
  • JP/NA:March 1994
  • WW:April 1994
Sega Saturn
  • JP:April 1, 1995
  • NA:May 11, 1995
  • EU:July 8, 1995
Windows
  • JP:September 27, 1996 (Enhanced Board version)
  • EU:November 14, 1996
  • NA:November 6, 1996[1]
  • JP:December 6, 1996
PlayStation 3
  • NA:October 25, 2011
  • JP:October 26, 2011
  • EU:November 23, 2011
Xbox 360
  • WW:October 26, 2011
Genre(s)Racing
Mode(s)Single-player,multiplayer
Arcade systemSega Model 2

Sega partnered withGE Aerospaceto develop the Model 2, which renders3D graphicscapable oftexture filteringandtexture mapping.Daytona USAwas developed by AM2 after a meeting of the heads of Sega's regional offices to decide on a game to debut the Model 2 hardware. The concept was suggested by Tom Petit, president of Sega's American arcade division, with input from AM2 directorToshihiro Nagoshi,who became the game's director and producer. Sega aimed to outperformNamco'sRidge Racer(1993). The developers researched motorsports extensively; they mappedDaytona International Speedway,and their experience developingVirtua Racing(1992) helped with lighting and camera control.

Daytona USAwas a critical and commercial success, with its graphics, soundtrack and gameplay all receiving high praise. The game was ported to theSega Saturnin 1995, and was followed by sequels and enhanced versions for consoles and arcades. It has been frequently named one of thebest video games of all time.

Gameplay

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The player driving through the beginner course (arcade version)

InDaytona USA,the player drives astock carknown as the Hornet.[2]The player's objectives are to outrun the competing cars and complete the race before time runs out, passing checkpoints to collect more time.[3]Players begin in last place and compete against a field of up to 39 computer-controlled cars, dependent on the course selected.[4][5]Three courses are available for play: Beginner, Advanced, and Expert, also known respectively as Three Seven Speedway, Dinosaur Canyon, and Seaside Street Galaxy.[4]Adaptive difficultyis used; the first lap of each race measures the skill of the player and adjusts the difficulty of opponents accordingly. For less skilled players, opposing cars open lanes for the player, while higher-skilled players have to deal with opponents that block their path.[2][6]The game's physics include realistic driving mechanics, includingdriftingandpower sliding.[2]The steering wheel in thearcade cabinetusesforce feedbackso players feel collisions and bumps.[4]Shifting is performed with an H-typeshifter.[7]

Daytona USA's arcade version on the Model 2 is capable of displaying up to 300,000texture-mappedpolygons per second,[8]nearly double that of the previous Model 1.[9]Visually, the game usestexture filtering,giving the visuals a smooth appearance.[2]As inVirtua Racing,the game's camera system presents four different view perspectives from which the game can be played, and also includes the ability to view behind the car.[10][11]The arcade version allows up to eight players to compete with each other, depending on the number of cabinets linked together. Linked deluxe cabinets may also include acamerapointing towards the drivers seat, linked to aclosed-circuit televisionto show the player on a separate screen.[2]Inmultiplayer,only the lead driver needs to reach a checkpoint before time runs out.[12]Rubber-bandingis used in multiplayer races to ensure all players stay involved in the race.[4]

TheSega Saturnversion does not include multiplayer,[13]but includes an additional "Saturn" mode, which turns off the game's timer and adds more cars for the player to choose from.[14]Additional "Endurance" and "Grand Prix" modes are also included, both of which requirepit stops.[15]Sustaining damage in a race in these modes will adversely affect the car's performance.[15]ThePlayStation 3andXbox 360versions included online multiplayer with up to eight players.[16]

Development

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In September 1992,Segapartnered with the engineering divisionGE Aerospaceto create its newarcade system board,theModel 2.They were connected via acold callfrom GE's Bob Hichborn, who met with Sega executives at the division'sDaytona Beach, Floridaheadquarters in 1990, and later at Sega's headquarters in Tokyo in November of the same year. At the second meeting, GE Aerospace executives brought a tape demonstrating the hardware's 3D graphics simulating theDaytona International Speedway.GE estimated that their sale of the Model 2's graphics technology accelerated Sega's arcade hardware development by 14 months.[2][17]

The heads of Sega's regional offices began discussing ideas for games to demonstrate the Model 2's capabilities. Sega's previous board, theModel 1,had debuted in 1992 withVirtua Racing,which was popular in Japan and Europe. Tom Petit, president of Sega's American arcade division Sega Enterprises USA, suggested thatNASCARwould be an attractive brand to use for a Model 2 game in the US. Though Sega Europe's Vic Leslie had reservations due to the greater popularity ofFormula Onein Europe, Sega executives approved the concept. Petit and Sega Enterprises USA chief of finance Masahiro Nakagawa began negotiations with representatives of theDaytona 500at Daytona International Speedway for a license to develop a game based on the race. To lower costs, Sega decided not to negotiate with NASCAR for a license, and so the game does not contain real sponsors, drivers, or cars.[2]

Director and co-producerToshihiro Nagoshi

Sega mandated thatDaytona USAhad to be better thanNamco's 1993 racing gameRidge Racerand it had to achieve higher sales.[2][18]Ridge Racerhad reached the top of arcade sales charts at the end of 1993 and beginning of 1994,[19][20][21]and it had received highly favorable reviews of its graphics, especially in comparison toVirtua Racing.[21][22][23]Development was assigned toSega AM2,a development division headed byYu Suzuki,who had led development on popular racing games includingHang-On,Out Run,andVirtua Racing.[2]AM2 directorToshihiro Nagoshiwas given direct responsibility for the project, with Nagoshi and Suzuki serving as producers.[2][4]The game was Nagoshi's first project as a director. Nagoshi was aware of the racing arcade games already on the market and decided he wanted to take his game in a different direction.[2][6]While in the US for a meeting on the Model 2, Nagoshi was given tickets to a NASCAR race, and later recalled that it was a new experience for him because it was not a known style of racing in Japan.[4][6]He chose to design his game to be "funky entertainment", in contrast to thesimulation-based style ofRidge Racer.[4]

AM2 split into two teams: one focused onDaytona USAwhile the other developedVirtua Fighter.[24]As research for the project, Nagoshi read books and watched videos on NASCAR, although he found it difficult to convey the emotions of the sport to his staff in Japan. Game planner Makoto Osaki said he purchased asports carand watched the NASCAR filmDays of Thundermore than 100 times. Programmer Daichi Katagiri was an avid player of arcade racing games at the time and leaned on that experience.[4]The developers usedsatellite imageryand sent staff to photograph Daytona International Speedway;[2][8]Nagoshi walked a full lap to get a feel for the banking in the corners.[2]The team considered both Daytona International Speedway andBristol Motor Speedwayfor the game's beginner course. According to Nagoshi, becauseDaytona USAwas not intended to be a simulation game, and because it would be sold in Japan and Europe in addition to North America, theovalandtri-ovaldesigns were rejected as too repetitive. The final design for the beginner circuit, Three Seven Speedway, uses the tri-oval layout with a sharper final turn that requires strong braking.[4]

UnlikeVirtua Racing's Model 1 hardware, the Model 2 is capable of displaying surface detail on its 3D graphics with texture mapping.[17]As this was new for the developers, trial and error was used to find the most effective approach.[4]Suzuki also reached out to Sega designer Jeffery Buchanan, who suggested placing interesting features, such as a dinosaur fossil and aclipper ship,at various locations within the game.[17]Katagiri said there was no need to develop software forrenderingbecause the Model 2 hardware handled this. For camera control and lighting effects, the team drew on its experience developingVirtua Racing.Daytona USAshares some features withRidge Racer,including a drifting mechanic. Nagoshi initially planned not to include drifting as NASCAR stock cars do not drift, but changed his mind when the team decided not to focus on simulation.[4]He did not believe infortune telling,but chose the number 41 for the Hornet player car because he was told by someone close to him that the number would be lucky.[2][6]

The soundtrack was composed byTakenobu Mitsuyoshi,who had no familiarity with stock car racing. He chose to include vocals after hearingRidge Racer'stechnosoundtrack and deciding to try a different approach; he recorded his own vocals as the fastest way to get the music into the game.[4]Each course has a corresponding song.[18]"Let's Go Away", theDaytonatheme, uses a mixture of rock and funk instrumentals,[25]while "Sky High" leaned on Mitsuyoshi's background injazz fusion.A hidden track, "Pounding Pavement", was inspired by "Hotel California"by theEaglesand is accessible by holding the fourth view perspective button while selecting the beginner track in the arcade version.[18]For the arcade version, the songs weresampledonto aYamahasound chip, including the drums and Mitsuyoshi's voice, then reconstructed by varying when the tracks would play and loop.[4]This was the only way to include vocals, due to technical limitations of the Model 2.[2]For the Saturn version, the music was remixed.[26]

Release

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Prior to release, Sega debuted a prototype ofDaytona USAat theAmusement Machine Showin Tokyo in August 1993,[27][28]and it was tested in select Japanese arcades the same month;[4][29]Petit stated that this was done to measure how the games would be received by the public.[2]The complete version ofDaytona USAwas released in Japan in March 1994,[2]and made its North American debut the same month at Chicago'sAmerican Coin Machine Exposition(ACME);[30][31]it was subsequently released worldwide in April 1994.[2]According to Petit, Sega delayed the worldwide launch to measure reception before investing in other territories. The standard game was released in a twin-seat cabinet and a deluxe cabinet fitted with detailed seats on top ofsubwoofers;[2]Sega originally planned to use actual car seats, but management determined the seats were too difficult to enter and exit.[29]Daytona USAdebuted at number two on arcade operator publicationRePlay's "Player's Choice" chart and stayed on the list for five years, with 16 months at number one.[2]Daytona USAwas rereleased in 1996 in arcades asDaytona USA: Special Edition,designed as a smaller, more affordable cabinet.[32]

Daytona USAwas alaunch gamefor theSega Saturn(pictured above) in North America and Europe.

Around the time of the worldwide release, Sega announced releases for its Saturn and32Xconsoles,[9]but a year later, Sega announced their intention to focus solely on the Saturn.[33]In early 1995, Sega AM2's Saturn division split into three departments, each charged with converting a different arcade game to the Saturn:Virtua Fighter 2,Virtua Cop,andDaytona USA.Due to slow progress on theDaytona USAconversion, several members of theVirtua Fighter 2team were reassigned toDaytona USA.[34][35]AM2 completed the conversion in April 1995.[34][36]It was a Westernlaunch gamefor Saturn,[37][38]and was also released forWindowsviaSegaSoft.[39][40]In Japan, two separate Windows releases were done in September and December 1996, with the first released version supporting specificgraphics cardssuch asLeadtek's WinFast GD400.[41][42]A Windows version was released in Europe on November 14, 1996,[43]and in North America in December of the same year.[40]

Remakes and sequels

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Daytona USA: Championship Circuit Edition,a reworked and expanded version ofDaytona USA,was released in 1996 for the Saturn.[44]Developed by Sega's consumer software division,[4]it uses a modified version of thegame engineused forSega Rally Championship.[45]An enhanced arcade remake, calledSega Racing Classic,was released in 2010 and is the first title in the series not branded with theDaytonaname as Sega no longer owned the rights at the time.[4][46]It operates on Sega'sRingWidearcade system board and featureshigh definitiongraphics and an arranged instrumental soundtrack.[47]Another enhanced version was released digitally for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 in 2012, asDaytona USA.It includes both the original arcade soundtrack and the arranged soundtrack fromSega Racing Classicwith vocals by Mitsuyoshi, along with added features including eight player online multiplayer, challenge, andkaraokemodes.[16]The Xbox 360 version was later madebackward compatibleon theXbox Oneand extended to theXbox Series X/S,though the game was later delisted from all Xbox stores in February 2023.[48][49]

Daytona USA 2: Battle on the Edge,an arcade-exclusive sequel using theSega Model 3hardware, was released in 1998.[50]It is the onlyDaytonagame that uses no courses or music from the original.[4]Daytona USA 2001,a remake ofDaytona USAandChampionship Circuit Edition,was released in 2001 for theDreamcast,with graphical upgrades, online multiplayer, and new courses.[51]Daytona Championship USA,also referred to asDaytona USA 3,debuted in late 2016 as an arcade exclusive; it was the firstDaytona-branded arcade game in 18 years.[52]

Reception and legacy

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Arcade

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Daytona USAwas popular in arcades. In Japan, it was the ninth highest-grossingarcade game of 1994,[80]and the highest-grossing dedicatedarcade game of 1995.[81]In North America, it was listed by arcade industry magazinePlay Meteras one of the top two highest-grossing arcade video games of 1994,[82]with the twin cabinet receiving a Diamond Award from theAmerican Amusement Machine Association(AAMA) that year;[83]it again received a Diamond Award the following year for being one of America's top three best-selling arcade games of 1995.[84]In the United Kingdom, it topped the dedicated arcade charts for six months in 1994, from May to October.[85]Retro Gamer's Nick Thorpe said that thoughDaytona USAis considered anecdotally one of the most successful arcade games for its multiplayer and longevity, exact figures were difficult to find.[4]In 2015,IGN's Luke Reilly said that the game is "perhaps the most recognisable arcade racing game of all time and the highest-grossing sit-down cabinet ever" and noted the continued presence ofDaytona USAcabinets in arcades andbowling alleys.[86]

The original arcade game was critically acclaimed by video game and arcade industry publications alike. Upon its North American debut at ACME 1994, it received a highly positive reception fromPlay MeterandRePlay,which both considered it the game of the show while praising the graphics and gameplay,[30][31]but withPlay Metercriticizing the expensive cabinet price.[30]Rik Skews ofComputer and Video GamesconsideredDaytona USAthe best arcade game he had played in years, and praised its "state-of-the-art"graphics, sound, and damage physics.[55]Also highly regardingDaytona USA's graphics wereElectronic Gaming Monthly(EGM), which asserted that "the stakes in the arcade wars have been raised again",[10]andGamePro's Manny LaMancha, who argued thatDaytona USAis a combination ofVirtua Racing's action withRidge Racer's realism.[87]In contrast, Bob Strauss ofEntertainment Weeklycompared the game to watching a movie, and said, "Picture yourself watching a sci-fi movie, set in a futuristic arcade, that involves a dizzying car race. 'Wow!' you can imagine saying to yourself, 'How did they do those special effects?' You'll have the same reaction while enjoyingDaytona USA".[67]

Saturn

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The Saturn version received a positive reception, with high scores from most critics, though a number of them criticized it for graphical issues.[4]Maximumhighly regarded the challenging course design and realistic game mechanics, particularly the impact ofwind resistance,but criticized the low-resolution graphic texture mapping,clipping,and lack of multiplayer.[13]While identifying improvements on the North American version of the game compared to the Japanese version, two sports game reviewers forEGMfound problems with theframe rateand animation.[56]By contrast, a reviewer forSega Saturn Magazinefound the game graphically impressive aside from thepop-upand asserted it had strong arcade-style gameplay,[76]and one fromNext Generationargued that, while "Daytona USAsuffers from an accumulation of weaknesses, if it's a fast, thrilling racing game you're after, the Saturn conversion has a great deal to recommend ".[63]The Windows version was aportof the Saturn's, and was not as well-received for inheriting the Saturn version's graphical issues despite being released a year later.[4]

Several reviewers compared the Saturn version toRidge Racer'sPlayStationconversion.Computer and Video Gamesconsidered the Saturn'sDaytona USAbetter than the PlayStation'sRidge Racer,with Mark Patterson claiming that, while "nowhere near as polished asRidge Racer,it does play better, mainly because you can ram the other cars off the track and smash your own car up ".[14]While Air Hendrix ofGameProconcludedDaytona USA's "intense gameplay and breathtaking graphics will exhilarate any racing fan" and had positive feedback for the additions of Saturn mode and mirror mode, he argued it "pales in comparison" to the PlayStation version ofRidge Racerin terms of "features, gameplay, and graphics".[60]

Retrospective

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Daytona USAwas named one of thebest games of all timebyNext Generationin 1996,[88]GamesMasterin 1996,[89]Computer and Video Gamesin 2000,[90]EGMin 1997 and 2001,[91][92]Yahoo!in 2005,[93]andEmpirein 2009.[94]It was named one of the best coin-op games byEGMin 1997[95]and byKiller List of Videogames,[96]and one of the best retro games byNowGamerin 2010[97]andEGMin 2006.[98]Edgenamed it the 70th "best game to play today" in 2009.[99]In 2015,IGNnamed it the sixth-most influential racing game,[86]asserting that it "remains a shining example of arcade racing done oh so right".[86]Thorpe wrote thatDaytona USA"doesn't just stand alongside the likes ofTurbo,Out Run,Super Monaco GPandSega Rallyas part of a proud arcade racing heritage, but perhaps defines it ".[4]

According to aggregatorMetacritic,the Xbox 360 version received "generally favorable reviews" and the PlayStation 3 version received "mixed" reviews. Justin Towell ofGamesRadar+regardedDaytona USAas "a joyous, jubilant celebration of everything that made arcade games so exciting" and the new survival mode "a brilliant test of memory, logic and dexterity".[62]1Up.com's Ray Barnholt praised this version but expressed disappointment at the lack of new features.[16]By contrast,Eurogamer's Martin Robinson asserted that "age doesn't seem to have ravagedDaytona USA's core "and wrote that the game serves as" fitting tribute to one of arcade racing's enduring icons ".[3]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^Japanese:DAYTONA(デイトナ)USA,Hepburn:Deitona USA

References

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