Wikipedia

Mackerel scad

(Redirected fromDecapterus macarellus)

Themackerel scad(Decapterus macarellus), orspeedo,is aspeciesof fish of thefamily,Carangidae.While it can be consideredgamefish,it is usually used asbait.[2]It is popular for consumption inHawaiʻi,the Philippines and the U.A.E. In Hawaiʻi, mackerel scad are calledʻopelu.[3]In the Philippines they are calledgalunggong.[4]

Mackerel scad
Color drawing
Scientific classificationEdit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Carangiformes
Family: Carangidae
Genus: Decapterus
Species:
D. macarellus
Binomial name
Decapterus macarellus
(G. Cuvier,1833)
Synonyms[2]
  • Caranx macarellusCuvier, 1833
  • Caranx jacobaeusCuvier, 1833
  • Caranx pinnulatusEydoux&Souleyet,1850
  • Decapterus pinnulatus(Eydoux & Souleyet, 1850)
  • Decapterus canonoidesJenkins,1903

Description

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Shoaling mackerel scad near theSaba Bank.

The largest mackerel scad recorded was 46 cm long.[5]Their elongated bodies look somewhat circular when viewed head on.[2]They are distinguishable by a small, detachedfin,located between thedorsalandcaudal fins.[6]Mackerel scad have 9spinesand 31–36 rays on their dorsal fins, while there are seven spines and 27–30 rays on theiranal fins.[2]

The mackerel scad's fins are black metallic to blue-green and its belly is white.[2]The edge of theoperculumhas a small, black spot,[7]with no spots on thelateral line.[8]Mackerel scad's caudal fins have been described as reddish[8]to yellow-green.[7]

Distribution and habitat

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Shoaling mackerel scad avoiding ashark,north ofOahu,Hawaii.

The mackerel scad's range covers most of the world's oceans. In the western Atlantic, they have been found offNova ScotiaandBermuda,south toRio de Janeiro,[9]although they do not seem common in theGulf of Mexico.[10]In the eastern Atlantic, mackerel scad have been found offSt. Helena,Ascension Island,andCape Verde.[11]They have also been recorded in theGulf of Guinea,[11]TheAzores,andMadeira.[12]In the Indian Ocean, mackerel scad have been found in theRed Seaand theGulf of Adenthey are also known from South Africa, theMascarenes,theSeychelles,andSri Lanka.[13]In the eastern Pacific, they are known from theRevillagigedo Islands,theGulf of California,and the coast ofEcuador.[14]

FAOareas where the mackerel scad is native include the north east and northwest Atlantic, the center east and west Atlantic, the Mediterranean and theBlack Sea,the South east and west Atlantic, the eastern and western Indian, and the North west, center west, center east and south west Pacific.[2]

Mackerel scad usually live insubtropicalseas at depths up to 400 m.[2]They prefer clear water, and are frequently found around islands.[15]Although mackerel scad have been found at the surface, they are usually caught at depths between 40 and 200 meters. They feed mainly onzooplankton.[16]

Economic significance

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Mackerel scad are fairly important both tofisheriesand tosportfishing.[2]They are a somewhat popular fish for human consumption, normally eaten split and fried, but are more often used as bait, since largegamefishsuch as theblue-spotted grouper,giant trevally,and theonespot snapperare all known to feed on them.[17][18]

As food

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This species is significant for its use in preparing the Japanese snackKusaya,a traditional product of theIzu Islands.Filipino students nearCalasiaohave also created a twist on theLumpiang Shanghaidish by mixing shredded Mackerel scad andginisang munggo.The two ingredients are combined with a mixture of minced onions, garlic,juliennedcarrots and papaya, thereafter placed insidespring rollwrappers and deep fried.[19]Additionally, theDavao Citydishpaksiwnatakwayis sometimes made with ground Mackerel scad.[20]

References

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  1. ^Smith-Vaniz, W.F.; Williams, J.T.; Pina Amargos, F.; Curtis, M.; Brown, J. (2017) [errata version of 2015 assessment]."Decapterus macarellus".IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.2015:e.T190117A115308983.doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T190117A16510627.en.Retrieved28 June2024.
  2. ^abcdefghFroese, Rainer;Pauly, Daniel (eds.)."Decapterus macarellus".FishBase.August 2019 version.
  3. ^"Specific Fish – Hawaii History – Fishing".
  4. ^"Market Manila".Market Manila.Retrieved2022-09-28.
  5. ^Jiménez Prado, P. & P. Béarez, 2004. Peces Marinos del Ecuador continental. Tomo 2: Guía de Especies / Marine fishes of continental Ecuador. Volume 2: Species Guide. SIMBIOE/NAZCA/IFEA
  6. ^"GMA.org entry on Mackerel scad".Retrieved2008-08-20.
  7. ^abSmith-Vaniz, W.F., 1986. Carangidae. p. 638-661. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
  8. ^abRandall, J.E. 1996 Caribbean reef fishes. Third edition – revised and enlarged. T.F.H. Publications, Inc. Ltd., Hong Kong. 3rd ed. 368 p.
  9. ^Floeter, S.R., J.L. Gasparini, L.A. Rocha, C.E.L. Ferreira, C.A. Rangel and B.M. Feitoza, 2003."Brazilian reef fish fauna: checklist and remarks" (updated Jan. 2003)Archived2015-05-25 at theWayback Machine,Brazilian Reef Fish Project
  10. ^Cervigón, F. 1993 Los peces marinos de Venezuela. Volume 2. Fundación Científica Los Roques, Caracas, Venezuela. 497 p.
  11. ^abSmith-Vaniz, W. F., J. C. Quéro and M. Desoutter, 1990. Carangidae. p. 729-755. In J. C. Quero, J. C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2.
  12. ^Smith-Vaniz, W.F., 1986. Carangidae. p. 815-844. In P. J. P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. vol. 2.
  13. ^Smith-Vaniz, W. F., 1984. Carangidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean fishing area 51. Vol. 1. [pag. var.]. FAO, Rome.
  14. ^Smith-Vaniz, W.F., 1995. Carangidae. Jureles, pámpanos, cojinúas, zapateros, cocineros, casabes, macarelas, chicharros, jorobados, medregales, pez pilota. p. 940-986. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K. E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome.
  15. ^Cervigón, F., R. Cipriani, W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, M. Hendrickx, A. J. Lemus, R. Márquez, J. M. Poutiers, G. Robaina and B. Rodriguez, 1992. Fichas FAO de identificación de especies para los fines de la pesca. Guía de campo de las especies comerciales marinas y de aquas salobres de la costa septentrional de Sur América. FAO, Rome. 513 p. Preparado con el financiamento de la Comisión de Comunidades Europeas y de NORAD.
  16. ^Smith-Vaniz, W. F., 1995. Carangidae. Jureles, pàmpanos, cojinùas, zapateros, cocineros, casabes, macarelas, chicharros, jorobados, medregales, pez pilota. p. 940-986. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome.
  17. ^Randall, J.E. and V.E. Brock 1960 Observations on the ecology of Epinephelinae and lutjanid fishes of the Society Islands, with emphasis on food habits. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 89(1):9–16.
  18. ^Sudekum, A. E., J. D. Parrish, R. L. Radtke and S. Ralston, 1991
  19. ^"Agriculture students in Pangasinan create galunggong with monggo shanghai".GMA Integrated News.July 7, 2024.RetrievedJuly 9,2024.
  20. ^Santos, Jamil (September 14, 2024)."'Takway' na tinatawag din na 'pansit ng bukid,' masarap at maganda sa kalusugan ".GMA Network.RetrievedSeptember 16,2024.
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