December 1

December 1 in recent years
2023 (Friday)
2022 (Thursday)
2021 (Wednesday)
2020 (Tuesday)
2019 (Sunday)
2018 (Saturday)
2017 (Friday)
2016 (Thursday)
2015 (Tuesday)
2014 (Monday)

December 1is the 335th day of the year (336th inleap years) in theGregorian calendar;30 days remain until the end of the year.

Events

Pre-1600

800– A council is convened in theVatican,at whichCharlemagneis to judge the accusations againstPope Leo III.^[1]
1420–Henry V of EnglandentersParisalongside his father-in-law KingCharles VI of France.^[2]
1577– CourtiersChristopher HattonandThomas Heneageareknightedby QueenElizabeth I of England.^[3]^[4]

1601–1900

1640– End of theIberian Union:Portugal acclaims as KingJoão IV of Portugal,ending 59 years ofpersonal unionof the crowns of Portugal and Spain and the end of the rule of thePhilippine Dynasty.
1662– DiaristJohn Evelynrecords skating on the frozen lake inSt James's Park,London, watched byCharles IIandQueen Catherine.^[5]
1768– The formerslave shipFredensborgsinks offTromøyain Norway.
1821–José Núñez de Cácereswins the independence of the Dominican Republic from Spain and names the new territory theRepublic of Spanish Haiti.^[6]
1822–Pedro Iis crownedEmperor of Brazil.
1824–United States presidential election:Since no candidate received a majority of the totalelectoral collegevotes in the election, theUnited States House of Representativesis given the task of deciding the winner in accordance with theTwelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution.
1828– Argentine generalJuan Lavallemakes a coup against governorManuel Dorrego,beginning theDecembrist revolution.
1834– Slavery is abolished in theCape Colonyin accordance with theSlavery Abolition Act 1833.
1862– In hisState of the Union AddressPresidentAbraham Lincolnreaffirms the necessity of ending slavery as ordered ten weeks earlier in theEmancipation Proclamation.
1865–Shaw University,the firsthistorically black universityin the southern United States, is founded inRaleigh, North Carolina.
1878– PresidentRutherford B. Hayesgets the first telephone installed in theWhite House.^[7]
1900– Nicaragua sells canal rights to U.S. for $5 million. The canal agreement fails in March 1901. Great Britain rejects amended treaty^[8]

1901–present

1913– TheBuenos Aires Metro,the first underground railway system in theSouthern Hemisphereand in Latin America, begins operation.^[9]
1913 –Crete,having obtainedself rulefromTurkeyafter theFirst Balkan War,is annexed by Greece.
1918–Transylvania uniteswithRomania,following the incorporation ofBessarabia(March 27) andBukovina(November 28) and thus concluding theGreat Union.
1918 –Icelandbecomes asovereign state,yet remains a part of the Danish kingdom.
1918 – The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later known as theKingdom of Yugoslavia) is proclaimed.
1919–Lady Astorbecomes the first femaleMember of Parliament(MP) to take her seat in theHouse of Commons of the United Kingdom.(She had been elected to that position on November 28.)
1924– TheNational Hockey League's first United States-based franchise, theBoston Bruins,plays their first game in league play at home, at the still-extantBoston Arenaindoor hockey facility.^[10]
1934–Sergei Kirovisassassinated,paving way for the repressiveGreat Purge,andVinnytsia massacrebyGeneral Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union,Joseph Stalin.^[11]
1939–World War II:A day after the beginning of theWinter WarinFinland,theCajander III Cabinetresigns and is replaced by theRyti I Cabinet,while theFinnish Parliamentmove fromHelsinkitoKauhajokito escape theSoviet airstrikes.^[12]
1939 – The Soviet Union establishes theFinnish Democratic Republicpuppet state inTerijoki.^[13]
1941– World War II: EmperorHirohitoof Japan gives his tacit approval to the decision of the imperial council to initiate war against the United States.^[14]
1941 – World War II:Fiorello La Guardia,Mayor of New York Cityand Director of theOffice of Civilian Defense,signsAdministrative Order 9,creating theCivil Air Patrol.
1952– TheNew York Daily Newsreports the news ofChristine Jorgensen,the first notable case ofsex reassignment surgery.
1955–American Civil Rights Movement:InMontgomery, Alabama,seamstressRosa Parksrefuses to give up her bus seat to a white man and is arrested for violating the city'sracial segregationlaws, an incident which leads to that city'sbus boycott.
1958– TheCentral African Republicattains self-rule within theFrench Union.^[15]
1958 – TheOur Lady of the Angels School firein Chicago kills 92 children and three nuns.
1959–Cold War:Opening date for signature of theAntarctic Treaty,which sets aside Antarctica as a scientific preserve and bans military activity on the continent.
1960–Patrice Lumumbais arrested byMobutu Sese Seko's men on the banks of theSankuru River,for inciting the army to rebellion.^[16]
1963–Nagaland,became the 16th state of India.^[17]
1964–Vietnam War:U.S. PresidentLyndon B. Johnsonand his top-ranking advisers meet to discuss plans to bombNorth Vietnam.
1969– Vietnam War: The firstdraft lotteryin the United States is held sinceWorld War II.
1971–Cambodian Civil War:Khmer Rougerebels intensify assaults onCambodiangovernment positions, forcing their retreat from Kompong Thmar and nearby Ba Ray.
1971 – Purge ofCroatian Springleaders starts inYugoslaviaat the meeting of theLeague of Communistsat theKarađorđevo estate.^[18]
1973–Papua New Guineagains self-government from Australia.
1974–TWA Flight 514,aBoeing 727,crashes northwest ofDulles International Airport,killing all 92 people on board.
1974 –Northwest Orient Airlines Flight 6231,another Boeing 727, crashes northwest ofJohn F. Kennedy International Airport.
1981–Inex-Adria Aviopromet Flight 1308,aMcDonnell Douglas MD-80,crashes inCorsica,killing all 180 people on board.
1984–NASAconducts theControlled Impact Demonstration,wherein an airliner is deliberately crashed in order to test technologies and gather data to help improve survivability of crashes.
1988–World AIDS Dayis proclaimed worldwide by theUN member states.^[19]
1988 –Benazir Bhutto,is named as thePrime Minister of Pakistan,becoming the first female leader to lead a Muslim nation.^[20]
1989–Philippine coup attempt:The right-wing military rebelReform the Armed Forces Movementattempts to oustPhilippine President Corazon Aquinoin a failed bloodycoup d'état.
1989 –Cold War:East Germany's parliament abolishes the constitutional provision granting the Communist Party the leading role in the state.
1990–Channel Tunnelsections started from the United Kingdom and France meet beneath the seabed.^[21]
1991– Cold War:Ukrainianvoters overwhelmingly approve areferendum for independencefrom theSoviet Union.
1997– In the Indian state ofBihar,Ranvir Senaattacks theCPI (ML) Party Unitystronghold Lakshmanpur-Bathe, killing 63 lower caste people.
1997 – Fourteen year-old Michael Carnealopens fireat a group of students in Heath High School inWest Paducah, Kentucky,killing three and injuring five.^[22]
2000–Vicente Fox Quesadais inaugurated as thepresident of Mexico,marking the first peaceful transfer of executive federal power to an opposing political party following a free and democratic election in Mexico's history.^[23]^[24]
2001– TheUnited Russiapolitical party was founded.^[25]
2005– As a result of the merger of thePerm Oblastand theKomi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug,a newsubjectof theRussian Federation,thePerm Krai,was created.^[26]
2006– Thelaw on same-sex marriagecomes into force inSouth Africa,legalizing same-sex marriage for the first time on theAfrican continent.^[27]
2009– TheTreaty of Lisbonentered into force in theEuropean Union.^[28]
2011– TheAlma-Ata Metrowas opened.^[29]^[30]
2018– The Oulu Police informed the public about the first offence of themuch larger child sexual exploitationinOulu,Finland.^[31]
2019–Arsenal Women 11–1 Bristol City Womenbreaks the record for most goals scored in aFA Women's Super Leaguematch, withVivianne Miedemainvolved in ten of the eleven Arsenal goals.^[32]
2019 – Theoutbreak of coronavirus infectionbegan inWuhan.^[33]
2020– TheArecibo Telescopecollapsed.^[34]^[35]

Births

Pre-1600

624–Hasan ibn Ali,the second Shia Imam (d. 670)^[36]^[37]
1081–Louis VI,French king (d. 1137)
1083–Anna Komnene,Byzantine physician and scholar (d. 1153)^[38]
1415–Jan Długosz,Polish historian (d. 1480)^[39]
1438–Peter II, Duke of Bourbon,son of Charles I (d. 1503)
1443–Magdalena of France,French princess (d. 1495)
1521–Takeda Shingen,Japanese daimyō (d. 1573)
1525–Tadeáš Hájek,Czech physician and astronomer (d. 1600)
1530–Bernardino Realino,Italian Jesuit (d. 1616)
1561–Sophie Hedwig of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel,Duchess consort of Pomerania-Wolgast (d. 1631)
1580–Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc,French astronomer and historian (d. 1637)

1601–1900

1690–Philip Yorke, 1st Earl of Hardwicke,English lawyer and politician,Lord Chancellor of the United Kingdom(d. 1764)
1709–Franz Xaver Richter,Czech composer, violinist, and conductor (d. 1789)
1716–Étienne Maurice Falconet,French sculptor (d. 1791)
1743–Martin Heinrich Klaproth,German chemist and academic (d. 1817)
1761–Marie Tussaud,French-English sculptor, foundedMadame Tussauds Wax Museum(d. 1850)^[40]
1792–Nikolai Lobachevsky,Russian mathematician and geometer (d. 1856)
1800–Mihály Vörösmarty,Hungarian poet (d. 1855)
1805–9th Dalai Lama,Tibetan Buddhist spiritual leader (d. 1815)
1844–Alexandra of Denmark(d. 1925)^[41]
1846–Ledi Sayadaw,Burmese monk and philosopher (d. 1923)
1847–Julia A. Moore,American poet (d. 1920)
1855–John Evans,English-Australian politician, 21stPremier of Tasmania(d. 1943)
1869–Eligiusz Niewiadomski,Polish painter and critic (d. 1923)
1871–Archie MacLaren,English cricketer (d. 1944)
1883–Henry Cadbury,American historian, scholar, and academic (d. 1974)
1884–Karl Schmidt-Rottluff,German painter and etcher (d. 1976)
1886–Rex Stout,American detective novelist (d. 1975)
1886 –Zhu De,Chinese general and politician, 1stVice Chairman of the People's Republic of China(d. 1976)
1894–Afrânio Pompílio Gastos do Amaral,Brazilian herpetologist (d. 1982)
1895–Henry Williamson,English farmer, soldier, and author (d. 1977)
1896–Georgy Zhukov,Russian general and politician, 2ndMinister of Defence for the Soviet Union(d. 1974)
1898–Stuart Garson,Canadian lawyer and politician, 12thPremier of Manitoba(d. 1977)
1898 –Cyril Ritchard,Australian-American actor and singer (d. 1977)
1900–Karna Maria Birmingham,Australian artist, illustrator and print maker (d. 1987)

1901–present

1901–Ilona Fehér,Hungarian-Israeli violinist and educator (d. 1988)
1903–Nikolai Voznesensky,Sovieteconomic planner,member of thePolitburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union(d. 1950)
1905–Alex Wilson,Canadian sprinter and coach (d. 1994)
1910–Alicia Markova,English ballerina and choreographer (d. 2004)
1911–Walter Alston,American baseball player and manager (d. 1984)^[42]
1911 –Calvin Griffith,Canadian-American businessman (d. 1999)
1912–Billy Raimondi,American baseball player (d. 2010)^[43]
1912 –Minoru Yamasaki,American architect, designed theWorld Trade Center(d. 1986)
1913–Mary Martin,American actress and singer (d. 1990)^[44]
1916–Wan Li,Chinese educator and politician, 4thVice Premier of the People's Republic of China(d. 2015)
1917–Thomas Hayward,American tenor and actor (d. 1995)
1917 –Marty Marion,American baseball player and manager (d. 2011)^[45]
1920–Peter Baptist Tadamaro Ishigami,Japanese priest, 1stBishop of Naha(d. 2014)
1921–Vernon McGarity,American sergeant,Medal of Honorrecipient (d. 2013)
1922–Vsevolod Bobrov,Russian ice hockey player, footballer, and manager (d. 1979)
1923–Dick Shawn,American actor (d. 1987)
1923 –Stansfield Turner,American admiral and academic, 12thDirector of Central Intelligence(d. 2018)
1924–Masao Horiba,Japanese businessman, foundedHoriba(d. 2015)
1925–Martin Rodbell,American biochemist and endocrinologist,Nobel Prizelaureate (d. 1998)
1926–Mother Antonia,American-Mexican nun and activist (d. 2013)
1926 –Allyn Ann McLerie,Canadian-American actress, singer, and dancer (d. 2018)
1926 –Keith Michell,Australian actor (d. 2015)
1926 –Robert Symonds,American actor (d. 2007)
1926 –Colin Tennant, 3rd Baron Glenconner,Scottish businessman (d. 2010)
1927–Micheline Bernardini,French dancer and model
1928–Emily McLaughlin,American actress (d. 1991)
1928 –Malachi Throne,American actor (d. 2013)
1929–David Doyle,American actor (d. 1997)
1930–Marie Bashir,Australian psychiatrist, academic, and politician, 37thGovernor of New South Wales
1930 –Joachim Hoffmann,German historian and author (d. 2002)
1931–Jimmy Lyons,American saxophonist (d. 1986)
1931 –Jim Nesbitt,American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2007)
1931 –George Maxwell Richards,Trinidadian politician, 4thPresident of Trinidad and Tobago(d. 2018)
1933–Lou Rawls,American singer-songwriter, producer, and actor (d. 2006)^[44]
1933 –Violette Verdy,French ballerina (d. 2016)
1934–Billy Paul,American soul singer (d. 2016)
1935–Sola Sierra,Chilean human rights activist (d. 1999)^[46]
1936–Igor Rodionov,Russian general and politician, 3rdRussian Minister of Defence(d. 2014)
1937–Muriel Costa-Greenspon,American soprano and actress (d. 2005)
1937 –Gordon Crosse,English composer and academic (d. 2021)
1937 –Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga,Latvian psychologist and politician,President of Latvia^[47]
1938–Sandy Nelson,American rock and roll drummer (d. 2022)
1939–Lee Trevino,American golfer and sportscaster^[48]
1940–Mike Denness,Scottish cricketer and referee (d. 2013)^[49]
1940 –Jerry Lawson,American electronic engineer and inventor (d. 2011)
1940 –Richard Pryor,American comedian, actor, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2005)^[44]
1940 –Tasso Wild,German footballer
1942–Mohamed Kamel Amr,Egyptian politician,Egyptian Minister of Foreign Affairs
1942 –John Crowley,American author and academic
1942 –Ross Edwards,Australian cricketer
1943–Kenny Moore,American runner and journalist (d. 2022)
1944–Eric Bloom,American singer-songwriter and guitarist^[48]
1944 –John Densmore,American drummer and songwriter^[48]
1944 –Michael Hagee,American general
1944 –Tahar Ben Jelloun,Moroccan author and poet
1945–Lyle Bien,American vice admiral in the United States Navy^[50]
1945 –Bette Midler,American singer-songwriter, actress and producer^[48]
1946–Jonathan Katz,American comedian and actor
1946 –Kemal Kurspahić,Bosnian journalist and author (d. 2021)
1946 –Gilbert O'Sullivan,Irish singer-songwriter and pianist^[48]
1947–Alain Bashung,French singer-songwriter and actor (d. 2009)
1947 –Bob Fulton,English-Australian rugby league player, coach, and sportscaster (d. 2021)
1948–George Foster,American baseball player and radio host
1948 –Sarfraz Nawaz,Pakistani cricketer and politician
1948 –John Roskelley,American mountaineer and author
1948 –Neil Warnock,English footballer and manager
1948 –N. T. Wright,English bishop and scholar
1948 –Patrick Ibrahim Yakowa,Nigerian civil servant and politician,Governor of Kaduna State(d. 2012)
1949–Jan Brett,American author and illustrator
1949 –Pablo Escobar,Colombian drug lord and narcoterrorist (d. 1993)
1949 –Sebastián Piñera,Chilean businessman and politician, 35thPresident of Chile(d. 2024)
1950–Manju Bansal,Indian biologist and academic
1950 –Ross Hannaford,Australian singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2016)
1950 –Richard Keith,American actor and drummer
1950 –Gary Panter,American illustrator and painter
1950 –Filippos Petsalnikos,Greek lawyer and politician,Greek Minister of Justice(d. 2020)
1951–Aleksandr Panayotov Aleksandrov,Bulgarian cosmonaut^[51]
1951 –Obba Babatundé,American actor, director, and producer
1951 –Doug Mulray,Australian radio and television host (d. 2023)
1951 –Jaco Pastorius,American bass player, songwriter, and producer (d. 1987)
1951 –Nozipho Schroeder,South African lawn bowler^[52]
1951 –Treat Williams,American actor (d. 2023)^[48]
1952–Stephen Poliakoff,English director, producer, and playwright
1954–Alan Dedicoat,English journalist
1954 –Judith Hackitt,English chemist and engineer
1954 –François Van der Elst,Belgian footballer (d. 2017)
1955–Veikko Aaltonen,Finnish actor, director, and screenwriter
1955 –Verónica Forqué,Spanish actress (d. 2021)
1955 –Udit Narayan,Indian playback singer
1955 –Pat Spillane,Irish footballer and sportscaster
1955 –Karen Tumulty,American journalist
1956–Julee Cruise,American singer-songwriter, musician, and actress (d. 2022)^[53]
1957–Chris Poland,American guitarist and songwriter
1957 –Deep Roy,Kenyan-British actor^[44]
1957 –Vesta Williams,American singer-songwriter and actress (d. 2011)
1958–Javier Aguirre,Mexican footballer and manager
1958 –Candace Bushnell,American journalist and author
1958 –Alberto Cova,Italian runner
1958 –Gary Peters,American politician
1958 –Charlene Tilton,American actress and singer^[48]
1959–Billy Childish,English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and painter
1959 –Wally Lewis,Australian rugby league player, coach, and sportscaster
1960–Carol Alt,American model and actress^[48]
1960 –Shirin M. Rai,Indian-English political scientist and academic
1960 –Jane Turner,Australian actress and producer
1961–Safra Catz,Israeli-American businesswoman
1961 –Raymond E. Goldstein,American biophysicist and academic
1961 –Jeremy Northam,English actor^[48]
1962–Sylvie Daigle,Canadian speed skater
1962 –Pamela McGee,American basketball player and coach
1963–Marco Greco,Brazilian race car driver
1963 –Nathalie Lambert,Canadian speed skater
1963 –Arjuna Ranatunga,Sri Lankan cricketer and politician
1964–Salvatore Schillaci,Italian footballer
1964 –Jo Walton,Welsh-Canadian author and poet
1965–Henry Honiball,South African rugby player
1965 –Magnifico,Slovenian singer
1966–Andrew Adamson,New Zealand director, producer, and screenwriter
1966 –Katherine LaNasa,American actress, ballet dancer, and choreographer^[48]
1966 –Larry Walker,Canadian baseball player and coach
1967–Nestor Carbonell,American actor^[48]
1967 –Reggie Sanders,American baseball player
1968–Justin Chadwick,English actor and director
1968 –Sarah Fitzgerald,Australian squash player
1968 –Anders Holmertz,Swedish swimmer
1969–Richard Carrier,American author and blogger
1970–Golden Brooks,American actress^[48]
1970 –Jonathan Coulton,American singer-songwriter and guitarist
1970 –Kirk Rueter,American baseball player
1970 –Sarah Silverman,American comedian, actress, and singer^[48]
1970 –Tisha Waller,American high jumper and educator
1971–Christian Pescatori,Italian race car driver
1971 –Mika Pohjola,Finnish-American pianist and composer
1971 –John Schlimm,American author and educator
1972–Stanton Barrett,American race car driver and stuntman
1972 –Bart Millard,American singer-songwriter^[48]
1973–Steve Gibb,English singer-songwriter and guitarist
1974–Costinha,Portuguese footballer and manager
1975–Matt Fraction,American author
1975 –Isaiah "Ikey" Owens,American keyboard player and producer (d. 2014)
1975 –Thomas Schie,Norwegian racing driver and sportscaster
1975 –Farah Shah,Pakistani actress and host
1975 –Sophia Skou,Danish swimmer
1976–Tomasz Adamek,Polish boxer
1976 –Laura Ling,American journalist and author
1976 –Dean O'Gorman,New Zealand actor, artist, and photographer^[44]
1976 –Matthew Shepard,Americanhate crimevictim (d. 1998)^[44]
1976 –Evangelos Sklavos,Greek basketball player
1977–Brad Delson,American guitarist and producer^[48]
1977 –Sophie Guillemin,French actress
1977 –Lee McKenzie,Scottish journalist
1977 –Nate Torrence,American actor and comedian^[48]
1978–Mat Kearney,American musician^[54]
1979–Stephanie Brown Trafton,American discus thrower
1979 –Ryan Malone,American ice hockey player
1980–Iftikhar Anjum,Pakistani cricketer
1980 –Mohammad Kaif,Indian cricketer and politician
1980 –Mubarak Hassan Shami,Kenyan-Qatari runner
1980 –Gianna Terzi,Greek singer
1981–Park Hyo-shin,South Korean singer-songwriter and actor
1981 –Luke McPharlin,Australian footballer
1981 –I Made Wirawan,Indonesian footballer
1982–Riz Ahmed,English actor and rapper^[48]
1982 –Christos Kalantzis,Greek footballer
1982 –Christos Melissis,Greek footballer
1984–Charles Michael Davis,American actor^[44]
1984 –Yolandi Visser,South African rapper and actress^[44]
1985–Ilfenesh Hadera,American actress^[48]
1985 –Janelle Monáe,American singer-songwriter, producer, and actress^[48]
1985 –Emiliano Viviano,Italian footballer
1986–DeSean Jackson,American football player
1987–Simon Dawkins,English footballer
1987 –Tabarie Henry,Virgin Islander sprinter
1987 –Vance Joy,Australian singer-songwriter
1987 –Brett Williams,English footballer
1988–Tyler Joseph,American musician and singer^[48]
1988 –Zoë Kravitz,American actress, singer, and model^[48]
1988 –Dan Mavraides,Greek-American basketball player
1988 –Michael Raffl,Austrian ice hockey player^[55]
1989–Sotelúm,Mexican trumpet player, composer, and producer
1990–Tomáš Tatar,Slovak ice hockey player
1991–Rakeem Christmas,American basketball player^[56]
1991 –Hilda Melander,Swedish tennis player^[57]
1991 –Sun Yang,Chinese swimmer
1992–Masahudu Alhassan,Ghanaian footballer
1992 –Javier Báez,Puerto Rican baseball player^[58]
1992 –Linos Chrysikopoulos,Greek basketball player
1992 –Gary Payton II,American basketball player^[59]
1992 –Marco van Ginkel,Dutch footballer
1993–Reena Pärnat,Estonian archer
1993 –Beau Webster,Australian cricketer^[60]
1994–Seedy Njie,English footballer
1995–Agnė Čepelytė,Lithuanian tennis player^[61]
1995 –Jenna Fife,Scottish footballer^[62]
1995 –James Wilson,English footballer
1997–Sada Williams,Barbadian sprinter^[63]
1999–Nico Schlotterbeck,German footballer^[64]
2001–Carole Monnet,French tennis player^[65]

Deaths

Pre-1600

217–Yehudah HaNasi,'Nasi',Rabbiand editor of theMishnah(b. 135)
660–Eligius,Frankish bishop and saint (b. 588)
948–Gao Conghui,Chinese governor and prince (b. 891)
969–Fujiwara no Morotada,Japanese statesman (b. 920)
1018–Thietmar of Merseburg,German bishop (b. 975)
1135–Henry I,king of England (b. 1068)
1241–Isabella of England,Holy Roman Empress (b. 1214)
1255–Muhammad III of Alamut,Nizari Ismaili Imam^[66]
1335–Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan,Mongol ruler of the Ilkhanate (b. 1305)
1374–Magnus Eriksson,king of Sweden (b. 1316)
1433–Go-Komatsu,emperor of Japan (b. 1377)
1455–Lorenzo Ghiberti,Italian goldsmith and sculptor (b. 1378)
1521–Leo X,pope of the Catholic Church (b. 1475)^[67]
1530–Margaret of Austria,duchess of Savoy (b. 1480)
1580–Giovanni Morone,Italian cardinal (b. 1509)
1581–Alexander Briant,English Roman Catholic priest, martyr and saint (b. 1556)
1581 –Edmund Campion,English Roman Catholic priest, martyr, and saint (b. 1540)
1581 –Ralph Sherwin,English Roman Catholic priest, martyr, and saint (b. 1550)

1601–1900

1633–Isabella Clara Eugenia,infanta of Spain (b. 1566)
1640–Miguel de Vasconcelos,Portuguese politician,Prime Minister of Portugal(b. 1590)
1660–Pierre d'Hozier,French genealogist and historian (b. 1592)
1729–Giacomo F. Maraldi,French-Italian astronomer and mathematician (b. 1665)
1750–Johann Gabriel Doppelmayr,German mathematician, astronomer, and cartographer (b. 1671)
1755–Maurice Greene,English organist and composer (b. 1696)
1767–Henry Erskine, 10th Earl of Buchan,Scottish politician (b. 1710)
1825–Alexander I,emperor and autocrat of Russia (b. 1777)
1865–Abraham Emanuel Fröhlich,Swiss pastor, poet, and educator (b. 1796)
1866–George Everest,Welsh geographer and surveyor (b. 1790)
1867–Charles Gray Round,English lawyer and politician (b. 1797)
1884–William Swainson,English-New Zealand lawyer and politician,Attorney-General of the Crown Colony of New Zealand(b. 1809)

1901–present

1913–Juhan Liiv,Estonian poet and author (b. 1864)
1914–Alfred Thayer Mahan,American captain and historian (b. 1840)
1916–Charles de Foucauld,French priest and martyr (b. 1858)
1923–Virginie Loveling,Belgian author and poet (b. 1836)^[68]
1928–José Eustasio Rivera,Colombian-American lawyer and poet (b. 1888)
1933–Pekka Halonen,Finnish painter (b. 1865)
1934–Sergey Kirov,Russian engineer and politician (b. 1886)
1935–Bernhard Schmidt,Estonian-German optician, invented theSchmidt camera(b. 1879)
1942–Leon Wachholz,Polish scientist and medical examiner (b. 1867)^[69]
1943–Damrong Rajanubhab,Thai historian and educator (b. 1862)
1944–Charlie Kerins,ExecutedIrish Republican(b. 1918)^[70]
1947–Aleister Crowley,English magician, poet, and mountaineer (b. 1875)
1947 –G. H. Hardy,English mathematician and theorist (b. 1877)
1950–Ernest John Moeran,English pianist and composer (b. 1894)
1954–Fred Rose,American pianist, composer, and publisher (b. 1898)
1958–Elizabeth Peratrovich,Alaskan-American civil rights activist (b. 1911)^[71]
1964–J. B. S. Haldane,English-Indian geneticist and biologist (b. 1892)
1964 –Charilaos Vasilakos,Greek runner (b. 1877)
1968–Nicolae Bretan,Romanian opera singer, composer, and conductor (b. 1887)
1968 –Darío Moreno,Turkish singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor (b. 1921)
1973–David Ben-Gurion,Israeli politician, 1stPrime Minister of Israel(b. 1886)
1975–Nellie Fox,American baseball player and coach (b. 1927)
1975 –Ernesto Maserati,Italian race car driver and engineer (b. 1898)
1975 –Anna Roosevelt Halsted,American journalist (b. 1906)
1981–Russ Manning,American author and illustrator (b. 1929)
1984–Roelof Frankot,Dutch painter and photographer (b. 1911)
1986–Frank McCarthy,American general and film producer (b. 1912)
1987–James Baldwin,American novelist, poet, and critic (b. 1924)
1987 –Punch Imlach,Canadian ice hockey player, coach, and manager (b. 1918)
1988–J. Vernon McGee,American pastor and theologian (b. 1904)
1989–Alvin Ailey,American dancer and choreographer (b. 1931)
1990–Carla Lehmann,Canadian-English actress (b. 1917)
1991–Pat O'Callaghan,Irish athlete (b. 1906)^[72]
1991 –George Stigler,American economist and academic,Nobel Prizelaureate (b. 1911)
1993–Ray Gillen,American singer-songwriter (b. 1959)
1995–Hopper Levett,English cricketer (b. 1908)
1995 –Colin Tapley,New Zealand-English actor (b. 1907)
1995 –Maxwell R. Thurman,American general (b. 1931)
1996–Peter Bronfman,Canadian businessman (b. 1928)
1997–Michel Bélanger,Canadian banker and businessman (b. 1929)
1997 –Stéphane Grappelli,French violinist (b. 1908)
1997 –Endicott Peabody,American lieutenant, lawyer, and politician, 62ndGovernor of Massachusetts(b. 1920)
1998–Janet Lewis,American poet and novelist (b. 1899)^[73]^[74]
2001–Ellis R. Dungan,American director and producer (b. 1909)
2002–Edward L. Beach Jr.,American captain and author (b. 1918)
2002 –Dave McNally,American baseball player (b. 1942)
2003–Clark Kerr,American economist and academic (b. 1911)
2003 –Eugenio Monti,Italian bobsledder (b. 1928)
2004–Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld(b. 1911)^[75]
2004 –Bill Brown,Scottish footballer (b. 1931)
2005–Gust Avrakotos,AmericanCIAofficer (b. 1938)
2005 –Mary Hayley Bell,English actress and playwright (b. 1911)
2005 –Freeman V. Horner,American soldier,Medal of Honorrecipient (b. 1922)
2006–Claude Jade,French actress (b. 1948)
2006 –Bruce Trigger,Canadian archaeologist, anthropologist, and historian (b. 1937)
2007–Ken McGregor,Australian tennis player and footballer (b. 1929)
2007 –Anton Rodgers,British actor (b. 1933)^[76]
2007 –Ivo Rojnica,Croatian-Argentine war crimes suspect, businessman, diplomat, and intelligence agent (b. 1915)^[77]
2008–Paul Benedict,American actor (b. 1938)
2008 –Joseph B. Wirthlin,American businessman and religious leader (b. 1917)
2010–Adriaan Blaauw,Dutch astronomer and academic (b. 1914)
2010 –Hillard Elkins,American actor and producer (b. 1929)
2011–Christa Wolf,German author and critic (b. 1929)
2012–Jovan Belcher,American football player (b. 1987)
2012 –Arthur Chaskalson,South African lawyer and judge, 18thChief Justice of South Africa(b. 1931)
2012 –Rick Majerus,American basketball player and coach (b. 1948)
2012 –Ed Price,American soldier, pilot, and politician (b. 1918)
2013–Richard Coughlan,English drummer (b. 1947)
2013 –Stirling Colgate,American physicist and academic (b. 1925)
2013 –Edward Heffron,American soldier (b. 1923)
2013 –Martin Sharp,Australian cartoonist and songwriter (b. 1942)
2014–Mario Abramovich,Argentinian violinist and composer (b. 1926)
2014 –Dimitrios Trichopoulos,Greek epidemiologist, oncologist, and academic (b. 1938)
2014 –Rocky Wood,New Zealand-Australian author (b. 1959)
2015–Rob Blokzijl,Dutch physicist and computer scientist (b. 1943)
2015 –Joseph Engelberger,American physicist and engineer (b. 1925)
2015 –John F. Kurtzke,American neurologist and academic (b. 1926)
2015 –Jim Loscutoff,American basketball player (b. 1930)
2015 –Trevor Obst,Australian footballer and coach (b. 1940)
2018–Vivian Lynn,New Zealand artist (b. 1931)^[78]
2018 –Ken Berry,American actor, dancer, and singer (b. 1933)^[79]
2019–Paula Tilbrook,English actress (b. 1930)^[80]
2020–Arnie Robinson,American athlete (b. 1948)^[81]^[82]
2022–Gaylord Perry,American baseball player and coach (b. 1938)^[83]
2023–Sandra Day O'Connor,first female U.S. Supreme Court Justice (1981–2006) (b. 1930)^[84]

Holidays and observances

Battle of the Sinop Day(Russia)
Christianfeast day:
Damrong Rajanubhab Day(Thailand)
Earliest day on whichFarmer's Daycan fall, while December 7 is the latest; celebrated on the first Friday in December. (Ghana)
Earliest day on whichGood Neighborliness Daycan fall, while December 7 is the latest; celebrated on the first Sunday in December. (Turkmenistan)
Earliest day on whichSindhi Cultural Daycan fall, while December 7 is the latest; celebrated on the first Sunday in December. (Sindhi diaspora)
First President Day(Kazakhstan)
Freedom and Democracy Day(Chad)
Great Union Day,celebrates theunion of Transylvania with Romaniain 1918 (Romania)
Military Abolition Day(Costa Rica)
National Day (Myanmar)
Republic Day (Central African Republic)
Restoration of Independence Day (Portugal)
Rosa Parks Day(OhioandOregon,United States)
Self-governance DayorFullveldisdagurinn(Iceland)
Teachers' Day(Panama)
World AIDS Day,^[19]and its related observances:
- Day Without Art^[19]

References

^Riché, Pierre (1993).The Carolingians: a family who forged Europe.Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 121.ISBN 9780812213423.
^Jesse D. Hurlbut (1990).Ceremonial Entries in Burgundy: Philip the Good and Charles the Bold (1419-1477).Indiana University. p. 315.
^Foss, Edward (1999).Biographia juridica: a biographical dictionary of the judges of England from the conquest to the present time, 1066-1870.Union, N.J: Lawbook Exchange. p. 331.ISBN 9781886363861.
^Hicks, Michael (January 2008)."Heneage, Sir Thomas (b.in or before 1532,d.1595) ".Oxford Dictionary of National Biography(online ed.). Oxford University Press.doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/12921.Retrieved23 January2011.(Subscription orUK public library membershiprequired.)
^Humphreys, Julian (December 2012). Attar, Rob (ed.). "Milestones".BBC History magazine.Northampton: BBC. pp. 10–11.
^Torres-Saillant, Silvio; Hernández, Ramona (1998).The Dominican Americans.Westport: Greenwood Press. p. 11.ISBN 978-0-31329-839-4.
^First Whitehouse telephone is installed [1]
^Legrand, Jacques (1987).Chronicle of the 20th Century.Ecam Publication. p. 22.ISBN 0-942191-01-3.
^El primer subte Archived2015-04-19 at theWayback Machine–La Nación,22 December 2010.
^"NHL hockey came to the U.S. on Dec. 1, 1924".nhl.com.National Hockey League. December 1, 2008.RetrievedDecember 4,2016.The National Hockey League celebrates another historic anniversary...remembering the first NHL game played in the United States, as the Boston Bruins hosted the Montreal Maroons, both expansion teams, at the Boston Arena on Dec. 1, 1924.
^Who Killed Kirov? The Kremlin's Greatest Mystery[2]
^"Eduskunnan viettää muistojuhlaa Kauhajoella 2.–3.12.2006"[The Parliament will celebrate a commemorative party at Kauhajoki on December 2-3, 2006] (in Finnish).Eduskunta.December 2, 2006. Archived fromthe originalon April 29, 2013.RetrievedNovember 30,2021.
^Jussila, Osmo (1985).Terijoen hallitus(in Finnish). Porvoo, Helsinki:WSOY.ISBN 951-0-12686-1.
^Chinese Historians: The Journal of the Chinese Historians in the United States, Inc.5–6.Chinese Historians in the United States, Incorporated: 49. 1992.{{cite journal}}:CS1 maint: untitled periodical (link)
^Kalck, Pierre (2005).Historical dictionary of the Central African Republic.Lanham, Md: Scarecrow Press. p. 198.ISBN 9780810849136.
^Patrice Lumumba is Captured in the Congo[3][4][5]
^Nagaland
^Ramet, Sabrina P.(2006).The Three Yugoslavias: State-building and Legitimation, 1918–2005.Bloomington:Indiana University Press.p. 257.ISBN 978-0-253-34656-8.
^^a ^b ^c"Day Without Art at Thirty".Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum.2 December 2019.Retrieved1 December2020.
^"Bhutto Named Prime Minister of Pakistan: First Woman to Head a Muslim Nation to Take Oath Today in Transition to Democratic Rule".Los Angeles Times.1988-12-02.Archivedfrom the original on 2022-12-01.
^"1990: Tunnel links UK and Europe".BBC News.1 December 1990.Retrieved1 December2020.
^Philpott, Amber."Remembering a deadly Kentucky high school shooting 20 years later".Retrieved2018-06-04.
^"A Historic Transition in Mexico".The New York Times.New York. December 1, 2000. Archived fromthe originalon 2015-05-27.RetrievedMay 27,2015.
^"MEXICO HAS PEACEFUL TRANSFER OF POWER".The Chicago Tribune.Illinois. December 3, 2000. Archived fromthe originalon 2019-07-02.RetrievedJuly 2,2019.
^"Государственная дума:: Фракции"[State Duma:: Factions] (in Russian). Archived fromthe originalon 2016-03-07.Retrieved2020-01-24.
^"Федеральный закон об образовании Пермского края"[Federal Law on Formation of the Perm Territory] (in Russian). Rossiyskaya Gazeta. Archived fromthe originalon 2020-09-28.Retrieved2020-01-28.
^"Same-Sex Marriage Around the World".Pew Research Center. 17 May 2019.Archivedfrom the original on 30 June 2017.Retrieved23 May2019.
^eur-lex.europa.eu: "Official Journal of the European Union,ISSN 1725-2423C 115 Volume 51, 9 May 2008, retrieved 1 June 2014
^В Алматы открылся Метрополитен[Opening of the Almaty Metro].zakon.kz(in Russian). 1 December 2011.Retrieved2013-11-01.
^"Almaty metro opens and Phase 2 funded".Railway Gazette International.2 December 2011. Archived fromthe originalon 2016-04-09.Retrieved2015-04-20.
^Petri Turunen (1 December 2018)."Uutta tietoa lapseen kohdistuneista seksuaalirikoksista Oulussa: 7 miestä tunsivat toisensa"[New Information on Sexual Crimes against a Child in Oulu: 7 men knew each other].Ilta-Sanomat(in Finnish).Retrieved31 January2019.On Saturday afternoon, the police released a bulletin, the contents of which shocked many Finns..
^Wrack, Suzanne (4 December 2019)."Vivianne Miedema: Arsenal's six-goal headline stealer who hates limelight".The Guardian.Retrieved1 December2020.
^Cohen, Jon (January 2020)."Wuhan seafood market may not be source of novel virus spreading globally".Science.doi:10.1126/science.abb0611.S2CID 214574620.
^"Giant Arecibo radio telescope collapses in Puerto Rico".The Guardian.Associated Press.1 December 2020.ISSN 0261-3077.Retrieved1 December2020.
^Wang, Chen; Horby, Peter W.; Hayden, Frederick G.; Gao, George F. (February 2020)."A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern".Lancet.395(10223): 470–473.doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30185-9.PMC7135038.PMID 31986257.
^Shabbar, S.M.R. (1997).Story of the Holy Ka'aba.Muhammadi Trust of Great Britain.Archivedfrom the original on 30 October 2013.Retrieved30 October2013.
^Shaykh Mufid.Kitab Al Irshad.p.279-289 Archived27 December 2008 at theWayback Machine.
^Garland, Lynda (2016).Byzantine Women: Varieties of Experience 800-1200.London: Routledge. p. 125.ISBN 978-1-13825-951-5.
^Davies, Norman (1982).God's Playground: A History of Poland in Two Volumes.Vol. 1. Oxford: Clarendon. p. 5.ISBN 978-0-19821-943-9.
^Nafziger, George F. (2002).Historical Dictionary of the Napoleonic Era.New York: Scarecrow. p. 281.ISBN 978-0-81084-092-8.
^"Queen Alexandra, wife of Edward VII".Westminster Abbey.Retrieved7 October2022.
^"Walter Alston".Major League Baseball.Retrieved30 November2023.
^McGreehan, Mike; Love, William (November 4, 2010)."Oakland Oaks legend Billy Raimondi dies at 97".East Bay Times.RetrievedDecember 30,2021.
^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h"Famous birthdays for Dec. 1: Riz Ahmed, Sarah Silverman".UPI.1 December 2022.Retrieved30 November2023.
^Goldstein, Richard (16 March 2011)."Marty Marion, Cardinals' Slick-Fielding Shortstop, Dies at 93".The New York Times.Retrieved30 November2023.
^"Sola Sierra".The Guardian.Retrieved26 January2020.
^"Vaira Vike-Freiberga".Britannica Presents 100 Women Trailblazers.25 February 2020.Retrieved28 July2021.
^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^uRose, Mike (1 December 2022)."Today's famous birthdays list for December 1, 2022 includes celebrities Zoe Kravitz, Janelle Monae".The Plain Dealer.Associated Press.Retrieved30 November2023.
^"Obituary: Mike Denness OBE, cricketer".www.scotsman.com.20 April 2013.Retrieved27 October2021.
^"Legacy Lyle Bien".South Dakota Hall of Fame.RetrievedJune 17,2024.
^Burgess, Colin (2016).Interkosmos: The Eastern Bloc's Early Space Program.Cham: Springer Praxis Books. p. 239.ISBN 9783319241630.
^"Lawn Bowls | Athlete Profile: Nozipho SCHROEDER - Gold Coast 2018 Commonwealth Games".results.gc2018.com.Archived fromthe originalon 17 April 2021.Retrieved13 December2020.
^Genzlinger, Neil (June 10, 2022)."Julee Cruise, Vocalist of 'Twin Peaks' Fame, Dies at 65".The New York Times.RetrievedJune 10,2022.
^"Mat Kearney Biography, Songs, & Albums".AllMusic.
^"Michael Raffl".National Hockey League.Retrieved30 November2023.
^"Rakeem Christmas".National Basketball Association.Retrieved30 November2023.
^"Billie Jean King Cup Player Profile: Hilda Melander".www.billiejeankingcup.com.Retrieved2022-10-21.
^"Javier Baez | MiLB".m.milb.com.Retrieved1 December2020.
^"Gary Payton II".National Basketball Association.Retrieved30 November2023.
^CricInfo
^"Billie Jean King Cup Player Profile: Agnė Čepelytė".www.billiejeankingcup.com.Retrieved2022-10-21.
^"Jenna Fife | Scotland | Scottish FA".www.scottishfa.co.uk.Retrieved28 April2020.
^"Sada WILLIAMS | Profile".worldathletics.org.Retrieved18 October2020.
^"Nico Schlotterbeck | SC Freiburg | Player Profile | Bundesliga".bundesliga.com - the official Bundesliga website.Retrieved2022-05-31.
^"Wimbledon Player Profile: Carole Monnet".www.wimbledon.com.Retrieved2022-10-21.
^Daftary, Farhad (1992).The Isma'ilis: Their History and Doctrines.Cambridge University Press. p. 422.ISBN 978-0-521-42974-0.
^"Leo X | pope".Encyclopedia Britannica.Retrieved1 December2020.
^Van Gemert, Lia (2011).Women's Writing from the Low Countries 1200-1875: A Bilingual Anthology.Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. p. 559.ISBN 978-9-08964-129-8.
^"Archiwum ofiar terroru nazistowskiego i komunistycznego w Krakowie 1939 - 1956"[Archive of victims of Nazi and communist terror in Krakow 1939 - 1956] (in Polish).RetrievedDec 9,2020.
^"Charlie Kerins commemorated in Tralee".Irish Republican Information Service.20 December 2013.Retrieved19 May2023.
^Weingroff, Richard F."Who Is Elizabeth Peratrovich? The Story Behind the Country's First Anti-Discrimination Law".Federal Highway Administration (FHWA).U.S. Federal Highway Administration.Retrieved30 December2020.
^"Patrick O'Callaghan".International Olympic Committee.Retrieved5 March2020.
^Robert McG. Thomas Jr.(5 December 1998)."Janet Lewis, 99, Poet of Spirit and Keeper of the Hearth, Dies".The New York Times.p. C 16.Retrieved15 April2022.
^Davis, Dick (December 15, 1998)."Obituary: Janet Lewis".The Independent.RetrievedJuly 11,2010.
^"Bernhard, prince of the Netherlands, prince of Lippe-Biesterfeld | prince of the Netherlands".Encyclopedia Britannica.Retrieved1 December2020.
^"Anton Rodgers | Television industry".The Guardian.Retrieved1 December2020.
^Brozović, Dalibor (1999).Hrvatska enciklopedija(in Croatian). Vol. 1. Zagreb, Croatia: Leksikografski zavod "Miroslav Krleža". p. 400.ISBN 978-9-53603-629-5.
^"Vivian Lynn".collections.tepapa.govt.nz.Retrieved7 August2020.
^Barnes, Mike (December 1, 2018)."Ken Berry, Star of 'F Troop' and 'Mama's Family,' Dies at 85".The Hollywood Reporter.
^"Obituary: Paula Tilbrook".The Stage.Retrieved15 July2020.
^"Column: Arnie Robinson dies at 72; Olympic long jump gold medalist, San Diego mainstay".San Diego Union-Tribune.December 1, 2020.
^Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen;Mallon, Bill;et al."Arnie Robinson".Olympics at Sports-Reference.com.Sports Reference LLC.Archived fromthe originalon 2020-04-17.
^"Gaylord Perry, two-time Cy Young winner and master of the spitball, dies at 84".CBSNews.com.December 2022.
^"Sandra Day O'Connor, former Supreme Court Justice, dead at 93".FoxNews.com.December 2023.

External links

[1] Riché, Pierre (1993).The Carolingians: a family who forged Europe.Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 121.ISBN 9780812213423.

[2] Jesse D. Hurlbut (1990).Ceremonial Entries in Burgundy: Philip the Good and Charles the Bold (1419-1477).Indiana University. p. 315.

[3] Foss, Edward (1999).Biographia juridica: a biographical dictionary of the judges of England from the conquest to the present time, 1066-1870.Union, N.J: Lawbook Exchange. p. 331.ISBN 9781886363861.

[4] Hicks, Michael (January 2008)."Heneage, Sir Thomas (b.in or before 1532,d.1595) ".Oxford Dictionary of National Biography(online ed.). Oxford University Press.doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/12921.Retrieved23 January2011.(Subscription orUK public library membershiprequired.)

[5] Humphreys, Julian (December 2012). Attar, Rob (ed.). "Milestones".BBC History magazine.Northampton: BBC. pp. 10–11.

[6] Torres-Saillant, Silvio; Hernández, Ramona (1998).The Dominican Americans.Westport: Greenwood Press. p. 11.ISBN 978-0-31329-839-4.

[7] First Whitehouse telephone is installed [1]

[8] Legrand, Jacques (1987).Chronicle of the 20th Century.Ecam Publication. p. 22.ISBN 0-942191-01-3.

[9] El primer subte Archived2015-04-19 at theWayback Machine–La Nación,22 December 2010.

[10] "NHL hockey came to the U.S. on Dec. 1, 1924".nhl.com.National Hockey League. December 1, 2008.RetrievedDecember 4,2016.The National Hockey League celebrates another historic anniversary...remembering the first NHL game played in the United States, as the Boston Bruins hosted the Montreal Maroons, both expansion teams, at the Boston Arena on Dec. 1, 1924.

[11] Who Killed Kirov? The Kremlin's Greatest Mystery[2]

[12] "Eduskunnan viettää muistojuhlaa Kauhajoella 2.–3.12.2006"[The Parliament will celebrate a commemorative party at Kauhajoki on December 2-3, 2006] (in Finnish).Eduskunta.December 2, 2006. Archived fromthe originalon April 29, 2013.RetrievedNovember 30,2021.

[13] Jussila, Osmo (1985).Terijoen hallitus(in Finnish). Porvoo, Helsinki:WSOY.ISBN 951-0-12686-1.

[14] Chinese Historians: The Journal of the Chinese Historians in the United States, Inc.5–6.Chinese Historians in the United States, Incorporated: 49. 1992.{{cite journal}}:CS1 maint: untitled periodical (link)

[15] Kalck, Pierre (2005).Historical dictionary of the Central African Republic.Lanham, Md: Scarecrow Press. p. 198.ISBN 9780810849136.

[16] Patrice Lumumba is Captured in the Congo[3][4][5]

[17] Nagaland

[18] Ramet, Sabrina P.(2006).The Three Yugoslavias: State-building and Legitimation, 1918–2005.Bloomington:Indiana University Press.p. 257.ISBN 978-0-253-34656-8.

[Hewitt-19] "Day Without Art at Thirty".Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum.2 December 2019.Retrieved1 December2020.

[20] "Bhutto Named Prime Minister of Pakistan: First Woman to Head a Muslim Nation to Take Oath Today in Transition to Democratic Rule".Los Angeles Times.1988-12-02.Archivedfrom the original on 2022-12-01.

[21] "1990: Tunnel links UK and Europe".BBC News.1 December 1990.Retrieved1 December2020.

[22] Philpott, Amber."Remembering a deadly Kentucky high school shooting 20 years later".Retrieved2018-06-04.

[23] "A Historic Transition in Mexico".The New York Times.New York. December 1, 2000. Archived fromthe originalon 2015-05-27.RetrievedMay 27,2015.

[24] "MEXICO HAS PEACEFUL TRANSFER OF POWER".The Chicago Tribune.Illinois. December 3, 2000. Archived fromthe originalon 2019-07-02.RetrievedJuly 2,2019.

[25] "Государственная дума:: Фракции"[State Duma:: Factions] (in Russian). Archived fromthe originalon 2016-03-07.Retrieved2020-01-24.

[26] "Федеральный закон об образовании Пермского края"[Federal Law on Formation of the Perm Territory] (in Russian). Rossiyskaya Gazeta. Archived fromthe originalon 2020-09-28.Retrieved2020-01-28.

[27] "Same-Sex Marriage Around the World".Pew Research Center. 17 May 2019.Archivedfrom the original on 30 June 2017.Retrieved23 May2019.

[26-28] ur-lex.europa.eu: "Official Journal of the European Union,ISSN 1725-2423C 115 Volume 51, 9 May 2008, retrieved 1 June 2014

[29] В Алматы открылся Метрополитен[Opening of the Almaty Metro].zakon.kz(in Russian). 1 December 2011.Retrieved2013-11-01.

[30] "Almaty metro opens and Phase 2 funded".Railway Gazette International.2 December 2011. Archived fromthe originalon 2016-04-09.Retrieved2015-04-20.

[31] Petri Turunen (1 December 2018)."Uutta tietoa lapseen kohdistuneista seksuaalirikoksista Oulussa: 7 miestä tunsivat toisensa"[New Information on Sexual Crimes against a Child in Oulu: 7 men knew each other].Ilta-Sanomat(in Finnish).Retrieved31 January2019.On Saturday afternoon, the police released a bulletin, the contents of which shocked many Finns..

[32] Wrack, Suzanne (4 December 2019)."Vivianne Miedema: Arsenal's six-goal headline stealer who hates limelight".The Guardian.Retrieved1 December2020.

[33] Cohen, Jon (January 2020)."Wuhan seafood market may not be source of novel virus spreading globally".Science.doi:10.1126/science.abb0611.S2CID 214574620.

[34] "Giant Arecibo radio telescope collapses in Puerto Rico".The Guardian.Associated Press.1 December 2020.ISSN 0261-3077.Retrieved1 December2020.

[35] Wang, Chen; Horby, Peter W.; Hayden, Frederick G.; Gao, George F. (February 2020)."A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern".Lancet.395(10223): 470–473.doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30185-9.PMC7135038.PMID 31986257.

[36] Shabbar, S.M.R. (1997).Story of the Holy Ka'aba.Muhammadi Trust of Great Britain.Archivedfrom the original on 30 October 2013.Retrieved30 October2013.

[al-islam.org-37] Shaykh Mufid.Kitab Al Irshad.p.279-289 Archived27 December 2008 at theWayback Machine.

[38] Garland, Lynda (2016).Byzantine Women: Varieties of Experience 800-1200.London: Routledge. p. 125.ISBN 978-1-13825-951-5.

[39] Davies, Norman (1982).God's Playground: A History of Poland in Two Volumes.Vol. 1. Oxford: Clarendon. p. 5.ISBN 978-0-19821-943-9.

[40] Nafziger, George F. (2002).Historical Dictionary of the Napoleonic Era.New York: Scarecrow. p. 281.ISBN 978-0-81084-092-8.

[41] "Queen Alexandra, wife of Edward VII".Westminster Abbey.Retrieved7 October2022.

[42] "Walter Alston".Major League Baseball.Retrieved30 November2023.

[43] McGreehan, Mike; Love, William (November 4, 2010)."Oakland Oaks legend Billy Raimondi dies at 97".East Bay Times.RetrievedDecember 30,2021.

[UPI-44] ^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h"Famous birthdays for Dec. 1: Riz Ahmed, Sarah Silverman".UPI.1 December 2022.Retrieved30 November2023.

[45] Goldstein, Richard (16 March 2011)."Marty Marion, Cardinals' Slick-Fielding Shortstop, Dies at 93".The New York Times.Retrieved30 November2023.

[46] "Sola Sierra".The Guardian.Retrieved26 January2020.

[47] "Vaira Vike-Freiberga".Britannica Presents 100 Women Trailblazers.25 February 2020.Retrieved28 July2021.

[AP-48] ^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^uRose, Mike (1 December 2022)."Today's famous birthdays list for December 1, 2022 includes celebrities Zoe Kravitz, Janelle Monae".The Plain Dealer.Associated Press.Retrieved30 November2023.

[49] "Obituary: Mike Denness OBE, cricketer".www.scotsman.com.20 April 2013.Retrieved27 October2021.

[50] "Legacy Lyle Bien".South Dakota Hall of Fame.RetrievedJune 17,2024.

[51] Burgess, Colin (2016).Interkosmos: The Eastern Bloc's Early Space Program.Cham: Springer Praxis Books. p. 239.ISBN 9783319241630.

[52] "Lawn Bowls | Athlete Profile: Nozipho SCHROEDER - Gold Coast 2018 Commonwealth Games".results.gc2018.com.Archived fromthe originalon 17 April 2021.Retrieved13 December2020.

[Genzlinger-53] Genzlinger, Neil (June 10, 2022)."Julee Cruise, Vocalist of 'Twin Peaks' Fame, Dies at 65".The New York Times.RetrievedJune 10,2022.

[54] "Mat Kearney Biography, Songs, & Albums".AllMusic.

[55] "Michael Raffl".National Hockey League.Retrieved30 November2023.

[56] "Rakeem Christmas".National Basketball Association.Retrieved30 November2023.

[57] "Billie Jean King Cup Player Profile: Hilda Melander".www.billiejeankingcup.com.Retrieved2022-10-21.

[58] "Javier Baez | MiLB".m.milb.com.Retrieved1 December2020.

[59] "Gary Payton II".National Basketball Association.Retrieved30 November2023.

[60] CricInfo

[61] "Billie Jean King Cup Player Profile: Agnė Čepelytė".www.billiejeankingcup.com.Retrieved2022-10-21.

[62] "Jenna Fife | Scotland | Scottish FA".www.scottishfa.co.uk.Retrieved28 April2020.

[63] "Sada WILLIAMS | Profile".worldathletics.org.Retrieved18 October2020.

[64] "Nico Schlotterbeck | SC Freiburg | Player Profile | Bundesliga".bundesliga.com - the official Bundesliga website.Retrieved2022-05-31.

[65] "Wimbledon Player Profile: Carole Monnet".www.wimbledon.com.Retrieved2022-10-21.

[Daftary1992p422-66] Daftary, Farhad (1992).The Isma'ilis: Their History and Doctrines.Cambridge University Press. p. 422.ISBN 978-0-521-42974-0.

[67] "Leo X | pope".Encyclopedia Britannica.Retrieved1 December2020.

[68] Van Gemert, Lia (2011).Women's Writing from the Low Countries 1200-1875: A Bilingual Anthology.Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. p. 559.ISBN 978-9-08964-129-8.

[69] "Archiwum ofiar terroru nazistowskiego i komunistycznego w Krakowie 1939 - 1956"[Archive of victims of Nazi and communist terror in Krakow 1939 - 1956] (in Polish).RetrievedDec 9,2020.

[70] "Charlie Kerins commemorated in Tralee".Irish Republican Information Service.20 December 2013.Retrieved19 May2023.

[71] Weingroff, Richard F."Who Is Elizabeth Peratrovich? The Story Behind the Country's First Anti-Discrimination Law".Federal Highway Administration (FHWA).U.S. Federal Highway Administration.Retrieved30 December2020.

[72] "Patrick O'Callaghan".International Olympic Committee.Retrieved5 March2020.

[NYTobit-73] Robert McG. Thomas Jr.(5 December 1998)."Janet Lewis, 99, Poet of Spirit and Keeper of the Hearth, Dies".The New York Times.p. C 16.Retrieved15 April2022.

[74] Davis, Dick (December 15, 1998)."Obituary: Janet Lewis".The Independent.RetrievedJuly 11,2010.

[75] "Bernhard, prince of the Netherlands, prince of Lippe-Biesterfeld | prince of the Netherlands".Encyclopedia Britannica.Retrieved1 December2020.

[76] "Anton Rodgers | Television industry".The Guardian.Retrieved1 December2020.

[77] Brozović, Dalibor (1999).Hrvatska enciklopedija(in Croatian). Vol. 1. Zagreb, Croatia: Leksikografski zavod "Miroslav Krleža". p. 400.ISBN 978-9-53603-629-5.

[78] "Vivian Lynn".collections.tepapa.govt.nz.Retrieved7 August2020.

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