Henry IV of Francewas the firstBourbonking of France. Formerly known as Henri of Navarre, he succeeded to the French throne with the extinction ofHouse of Valois,at the death ofHenry III of France.
His descendants are varied and numerous. Some of his descendants areJuan Carlos of Spain,Franz, Duke of Bavaria,Diana, Princess of Wales,actressBrooke Shieldsand singer and actressJane Birkin.He had six children with his wifeMarie de' Mediciand also had at least eleven illegitimate children with his many mistresses. This article deals with each of his legitimate children and their respective descendants.
Life, background and pedigree
editLife and claim to the French Throne
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Henride Bourbonwas born inPau,the capital of the French province ofBéarn.[1]Although baptised as aRoman Catholic,Henry was raised as a Protestant by his motherJeanne d’Albret.On 9 June 1572, upon Jeanne's death, he became King Henry III ofNavarre.[2]
When Henry was a boy, it seemed highly unlikely that he would ever inherit the throne of France, sinceHenry IIhad produced four surviving sons. However, his male-line pedigree gave him a special place of honour in theFrench nobility,since all sons of the Bourbon line were acknowledged as theprinces of the blood.As the senior male representative of that line, Henry was officially theFirst Prince of the Blood.
Henry of Navarre became the legal heir to the French throne upon the death in 1584 ofFrançois, Duke of Alençon,brother and heir presumptive of the CatholicKing Henry III.Because of Henry's status as thePrince du Sang,Henry III had no choice but to recognise him as the legitimate successor. TheSalic lawdisinherited the king's sisters and all others who could claim descent by the distaff line. He was then the closest relative of the king in the legitimate male line, and as such the next senior-most representative of theHouse of Capetafter the king himself.Catherine de Medici,the King's mother, had attempted to unite Valois and Bourbon interests. In 1572, by which time only two of her sons remained alive, she brokered a marriage between her daughterMarguerite of Valoisand Henry.
On the death of Henry III on 2 August 1589, Henri of Navarre nominally became the King of France. But the powerfulCatholic League,strengthened by support from Spain, forced him to the south and he had to set about winning his kingdom by military conquest, aided by money and troops bestowed byProtestant England.This set off theWar of the Three Henriesphase of the French Wars of Religion. The League proclaimed Henry's Catholic uncle Charles, theCardinal de Bourbon,king as Charles X, but the Cardinal himself was Henry's prisoner. Henry was victorious atIvryand Arques, but failed to take Paris.
With the encouragement of the great love of his life,Gabrielle d'Estrées,on 25 July 1593 Henry declared thatParis vaut bien une messe( "Paris is well worth a mass" ) and permanently renounced Protestantism, thus earning him the allegiance of the vast majority of his subjects and the resentment of his former allies. He was crowned King of France at theCathedral of Chartreson 27 February 1594. In 1598, he declared theEdict of Nantes,which gave circumscribed toleration to theHuguenots.However, this action angered fanatical Catholics, who wanted Protestantism rooted out for good, and could see that Henry had no intention to do so. Therefore, in 1610, Henry was assassinated by a fanatical Catholic,François Ravaillac.[3]
Pedigree
editMaternal ancestry
edit| Jean d'Albret, Vicomte de Tartas | |||||||||||||||||||
| Alain I of Albret | |||||||||||||||||||
| Catherine de Rohan | |||||||||||||||||||
| John III of Navarre | |||||||||||||||||||
| Guillaume de Châtillon de Blois, Vicomte de Limoges, Seigneur d'Avesnes | |||||||||||||||||||
| Françoise of Châtillon-Limoges | |||||||||||||||||||
| Isabelle de La Tour d'Auvergne | |||||||||||||||||||
| Henry II of Navarre | |||||||||||||||||||
| Gaston IV, Comte de Foix | |||||||||||||||||||
| Gaston of Foix, Prince of Viana | |||||||||||||||||||
| Eleanor of Navarre | |||||||||||||||||||
| Catherine I of Navarre | |||||||||||||||||||
| Charles VII of France | |||||||||||||||||||
| Magdalena of Valois | |||||||||||||||||||
| Marie d'Anjou, Queen of France | |||||||||||||||||||
| Jeanne III of Navarre | |||||||||||||||||||
| Louis, Duc d'Orléans | |||||||||||||||||||
| John, Count of Angoulême | |||||||||||||||||||
| Valentina Visconti | |||||||||||||||||||
| Charles, Count of Angoulême | |||||||||||||||||||
| Alain IX de Rohan, Vicomte de Rohan et de Leon | |||||||||||||||||||
| Marguerite de Rohan | |||||||||||||||||||
| Marguerite of Brittany, Dame de Guillac | |||||||||||||||||||
| Marguerite of Angoulême | |||||||||||||||||||
| Louis, Duke of Savoy | |||||||||||||||||||
| Philip II, Duke of Savoy | |||||||||||||||||||
| Anne de Lusignan | |||||||||||||||||||
| Louise of Savoy | |||||||||||||||||||
| Charles I, Duke of Bourbon | |||||||||||||||||||
| Margaret of Bourbon | |||||||||||||||||||
| Agnes of Burgundy | |||||||||||||||||||
Paternal ancestry
edit| 16.Louis, Count of Vendôme | |||||||||||||||||||
| 8.John VIII, Count of Vendôme | |||||||||||||||||||
| 17. Jeanne de Laval | |||||||||||||||||||
| 4.François, Count of Vendôme | |||||||||||||||||||
| 18. Louis de Beauvau, Seneschal of Anjou | |||||||||||||||||||
| 9. Isabelle de Beauvau | |||||||||||||||||||
| 19. Marguerite de Chambley | |||||||||||||||||||
| 2.Charles de Bourbon, Duke of Vendôme | |||||||||||||||||||
| 20.Louis, Count of Saint-Pol | |||||||||||||||||||
| 10.Peter II, Count of Saint-Pol | |||||||||||||||||||
| 21.Jeanne de Bar | |||||||||||||||||||
| 5.Marie de Luxembourg | |||||||||||||||||||
| 22.Louis, Duke of Savoy | |||||||||||||||||||
| 11. Margaret of Savoy | |||||||||||||||||||
| 23.Anne of Cyprus | |||||||||||||||||||
| 1.Antoine of Navarre | |||||||||||||||||||
| 24.John I of Alençon | |||||||||||||||||||
| 12.John II of Alençon | |||||||||||||||||||
| 25. Marie of Brittany | |||||||||||||||||||
| 6.René of Alençon | |||||||||||||||||||
| 26. Jean IV d'Armagnac | |||||||||||||||||||
| 13.Marie of Armagnac | |||||||||||||||||||
| 27. Isabella de Navarre | |||||||||||||||||||
| 3.Françoise of Alençon | |||||||||||||||||||
| 28.Antoine of Vaudémont | |||||||||||||||||||
| 14.Frederick II of Vaudémont | |||||||||||||||||||
| 29. Marie d'Harcourt | |||||||||||||||||||
| 7.Margaret of Lorraine | |||||||||||||||||||
| 30.René of Anjou | |||||||||||||||||||
| 15.Yolande, Duchess of Lorraine | |||||||||||||||||||
| 31.Isabella, Duchess of Lorraine | |||||||||||||||||||
KingLouis IX(Saint Louis) (1214/1215 – 1270)
Robert, Count of Clermont(1256–1317), brother of KingPhilip III
Louis I, Duke of Bourbon(1279–1342), 1st cousin of KingPhilip IV
James I, Count of La Marche(1315–1362), 2nd cousin of kingsLouis X,Philip V,Charles IV,andPhilip VI
John I, Count of La Marche(1344–1393), 3rd cousin of kingsJohn I PosthumusandJohn II
Louis, Count of Vendôme(1376–1446), 4th cousin of KingCharles V
François, Count of Vendôme(1470–1495), 6th cousin of KingCharles VII
Charles IV, Duke of Bourbon(1489–1537), 7th cousin of kingsLouis XIandLouis XII
Antoine de Bourbon(1518–1562), 8th cousin of kingsCharles VIIIandFrancis I
Henry IV was the 9th cousin of KingHenry II,
and the9th cousin once removedof kingsFrancis II,Charles IX,andHenry III
Legitimate issue by Marie de' Medici
editChildren
edit| Name | Portrait | Birth | Death | Marriages and issue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Louis XIII, King of France |  |
27 September 1601 | 14 May 1643 | MarriedAnne of Austriain 1615 Had issue |
| Elizabeth, Queen of Spain |  |
22 November 1602 | 6 October 1644 | MarriedPhilip IV, King of Spainin 1615 Had issue |
| Christine Marie, Duchess of Savoy |  |
10 February 1606 | 27 December 1663 | MarriedVictor Amadeus I, Duke of Savoyin 1619 Had issue |
| Henrietta Maria, Queen of England |  |
25 November 1609 | 10 September 1669 | MarriedCharles I, King of Englandin 1625 Had issue |
| Gaston d'Orléans |  |
25 April 1608 | 2 February 1660 | Married (1)Marie de Bourbon, Duchess of Montpensierin 1626 Married (2)Margaret of Lorrainein 1632 Had issue |
Descendants of Louis XIII of France
editSenior agnatic descendants Louis XIV of France
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Senior agnatic descendants of Philippe I, Duke of Orleans
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Descendants of Elisabeth of France
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Descendants of Christine of France
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Descendants of Henrietta Maria of France
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Descendants of Gaston d'Orléans
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See also
editReferences
edit- ^de La Croix, 175.
- ^Dupuy, Trevor N., Curt Johnson and David L. Bongard,The Harper Encyclopedia of Military Biography,(Castle Books, 1995), 326.
- ^Baird, Henry M.,The Huguenots and Henry of Navarre,Vol. 2, (Charles Scribner's Sons:New York, 1886), 486.
- ^See genealogical table in Baumgartner,France in the Sixteenth Century.
- ^"Stuart, James Francis Edward, Duke of Cornwall".Directory of Royal Genealogical Data:University of Hull.Retrieved2008-03-21.[permanent dead link]
- ^"Stuart, Charles Edward Louis Casimer, Prince of Wales".Directory of Royal Genealogical Data:University of Hull.Retrieved2008-03-21.[permanent dead link]
- ^"Stuart, Henry Benedict Thomas Maria, Duke of York".Directory of Royal Genealogical Data:University of Hull.Retrieved2008-03-21.[permanent dead link]
External links
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- Rubens cycle of paintings apotheosizing Marie de' MediciDefinitive statements ofBaroqueart.
- Maritime Museum[permanent dead link]
- DrawingbyClaes Cornelisz. Moeyaertthe entrance of Maria de Medici in Amsterdam
- Festival Books