Dewasis acityin theMalwaregion of theIndian stateofMadhya Pradesh.The municipality was formerly the seat of two15-Gun Salute stateprincely statesduring theBritish Raj,Dewas Junior stateandDewas Senior state,ruled by thePawarclan of theMarathas.[3]The city is the administrative capital ofDewas district.Dewas is an industrialised city and houses a government bank note press.[4][5]
Dewas | |
|---|---|
City | |
  Dewas  Dewas | |
| Coordinates:22°58′N76°04′E/ 22.96°N 76.06°E | |
| Country |  India |
| State |  Madhya Pradesh |
| District | Dewas |
| Tehsil | Dewas |
| Government | |
| • Type | Municipal Corporation |
| • Body | Dewas Municipal Corporation |
| Area | |
| • Total | 50 km2(20 sq mi) |
| • Rank | 900th |
| Elevation | 535 m (1,755 ft) |
| Population (2011)[1] | |
| • Total | 289,550 |
| • Rank | 6th (in Madhya Pradesh) |
| • Density | 5,800/km2(15,000/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Dewasi[citation needed] |
| Language | |
| • Official | Hindi[2] |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30(IST) |
| PIN | 455001 to 455005 |
| Telephone code | 91-(0)727 |
| ISO 3166 code | MP-IN |
| Vehicle registration | MP-41 |
| Website | dewas |
Etymology
edit
The nameDewasis derived from the Devi Vaishini hill in the city, commonly known asTekri.[6]The hill has a temple of the deities DeviTulja Bhawani,ChamundaMata andKalikaMata. The word Dewas is believed to be asandhiof the wordsDev(deity) and Vas (abode inMarathi), so Dewas meanshouse of the god.Swami Shivom Tirthawrote the history of the hill (Tekri ) of Dewas in his book,Sadhan Shikhar.Inspired by the area,E.M. ForsterwroteThe Hill of Deviin 1953.[7]
The district takes its name from its headquarters town, Dewas, which is said to be derived from the legend that Dewas rests at the foot of a 300-foot (91 m) conical hill known as Chamunda hill on whose summit is the shrine of Goddess Chamunda. The image of the goddess is cut into the wall of a cave, known as Devi Vashini or the goddess's residence. From this, the name Dewas (dev-vas) seems to have been derived.[8]
History
editDewas was formerly the capital of twoprincely statesofBritish India.The original state was founded in the first half of the 18th century by the brothers Tukaji Rao (Senior) and Jivaji Rao (Junior), from thePawarclan of theMarathas.They had advanced intoMalwawith the MarathaPeshwa,Baji Rao,in 1728. The brothers divided the territory among themselves; their descendants ruled as the senior and junior branches of the family. After 1841, each branch ruled its own portion as a separate state, though the lands belonging to each were intimately entangled; in Dewas, the capital town, the two sides of the main street were under different administrations and had different arrangements water supply and lighting.
The senior branch had an area of 446 sq mi (1,160 km2) and a population of in 62,312 in 1901, while the area of the junior branch was 440 sq mi (1,100 km2) and had a population of 54,904 that same year.[9]Both Dewas states were in theMalwa Agencyof theCentral India Agency.
Dewas JuniorandDewas SeniorDarbars(Courts) was composed ofSardars,Mankaris,Istamuradars,ThakursandJagirdars.[10][11]
-
The Old Palace (Rajwada) of Dewas Junior. -
The Durga Bagh Palace, Dewas Junior State. -
Shree Lakshmi Narayan Bhawan Club, Dewas Junior State. -
Shree Narayan Tower, Dewas Junior State. The Clock Tower is named after HH Raja Srimant Narayanrao (Dada Sahib) Puar of Dewas Junior State. -
The Gate at Shree Malhar, The Residence of His Holiness Shri Shilnath Maharaj. -
The Law Courts, Dewas Junior State. -
After India's independence in 1947, the Maharajas of Dewas (Jr. & Sr.) acceded to India, and their states were integrated intoMadhya Bharat,which became a state of India in 1950. Later, in 1956,Madhya Bharatwas merged intoMadhya Pradeshstate.[12]
Geography
editDewas lies northeast ofIndore,southeast ofUjjain,and southwest ofShajapur.The city is located on the level plains of theMalwaplateau; to the south, the land rises gently to theVindhya Range,which is the source of theChambalandKali Sindhrivers that flow north through the district on their way to theGanges.The main river in Dewas isKshipra.
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Record high °C (°F) | 26.5 (79.7) |
29.3 (84.7) |
34 (93) |
38.1 (100.6) |
40.4 (104.7) |
36.3 (97.3) |
29.7 (85.5) |
28.5 (83.3) |
29.7 (85.5) |
31.7 (89.1) |
29.3 (84.7) |
27.1 (80.8) |
40.4 (104.7) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 18.3 (64.9) |
20.5 (68.9) |
25.1 (77.2) |
29.7 (85.5) |
33 (91) |
30.6 (87.1) |
26.3 (79.3) |
25.4 (77.7) |
25.6 (78.1) |
24.7 (76.5) |
21 (70) |
18.7 (65.7) |
24.9 (76.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 10.2 (50.4) |
11.8 (53.2) |
16.2 (61.2) |
21.3 (70.3) |
25.6 (78.1) |
24.9 (76.8) |
22.9 (73.2) |
22.3 (72.1) |
21.5 (70.7) |
17.7 (63.9) |
12.7 (54.9) |
10.4 (50.7) |
10.2 (50.4) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 9 (0.4) |
2 (0.1) |
7 (0.3) |
3 (0.1) |
7 (0.3) |
122 (4.8) |
327 (12.9) |
274 (10.8) |
240 (9.4) |
30 (1.2) |
13 (0.5) |
5 (0.2) |
1,039 (41) |
| Source: climate-data.org[13] | |||||||||||||
Dewas has been ranked 15th best “National Clean Air City” under (Category 3 population under 3 lakhs cities) in India.[14]
Demographics
edit[needs update] As of thecensus,Dewas had a total population of 289,550, of which 150,081 were males and 139,469 were females. Population within the age group of 0 to 6 years was 35,437. The total number of literates in Dewas was 215,088, which constituted 74.3% of the population with male literacy of 79.9% and female literacy of 68.3%. The effective literacy rate of 7+ population of Dewas was 84.6%, of which male literacy rate was 91.1% and female literacy rate was 77.7%. TheScheduled Castespopulation was 56,366, while theScheduled Tribespopulation was 9,861. Dewas had 57,397 households in 2011.[1]
Administration
edit
[15] The Member of Parliament fromDewasisMahendra Singh SolankiofBJPwho was elected in theLok Sabha Election 2019.[16] As of the2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election,the member of theLegislative AssemblyforDewasisGayatri Raje Pawar.[17]
Industry
editDewas was known for being a production centre of retail opium in the 1800s, as noted in the 1895 first report of theRoyal Commission on Opium.[18]Rapid industrialisation took place in the late 1970s and early 1980s, but due to inadequate infrastructure, the pace has slowed since the late 1980s. In recent years, some industries have closed their operations due to a shortage of sufficient infrastructure to support growth; there is a shortage of water due to excessive usage in previous decades.[citation needed]
The city has many industrial units providing employment to thousands of workers. The largest companies includeTata International,Kirloskar,John Deere,Eicher Motors,Gajra Gears,[19]Cummins Turbo Technologies,STI Sanoh Steel Tubes Plant and Coparo Steel Tubes Unit. Dewas is known as theSoy Capital of Indiaand is a major part of thesoy beanprocessing industry in the country with major Soyabean Products brands like Kriti Nutrients, Prestige Agro-Tech, Mittal Soya Protein, Adani Agri Logistics etc.[citation needed]
Dewasis also one of the prominent Pharmaceutical Hubs of Madhya Pradesh and India as well with many pharmaceutical products manufacturing facilities and labs in Industrial areas of Dewas. Industrial Manufacturing Units ofRanbaxy LaboratoriesandSun Pharma Industriesare also situated here.
Due to its location above sea level at one corner of the Malwa plateau, constant wind flows in the region are suitable for harvesting wind energy. There are more than 100 wind mills on a series of hills 13 km (8.1 mi) from Dewas, generating around 60 megawatts (MW) of power. These were financed by a few private companies (mainlySuzlon Energy) which sought a reliable power supply.[20][21][22]
A Currency Printing Unit ofSecurity Printing and Minting Corporation of India Limited (SPMCIL)is situated in Dewas. Also known as Bank Note Press (BNP). It is an industrial unit of SPMCIL, established in the year 1974 is wholly owned byGovernment of India,Ministry of FinanceandDepartment of Economic Affairs.BNP Dewas prints Indian Currency Notes (known asIndian Rupeeor INR; Symbol: '₹') of denominations ₹50, ₹100, ₹500 and ₹2000 and is capable of printing Bank Notes of any denomination. The bank notes are printed with high security features which are necessary to impede forgery and to meet the essential standards ofReserve Bank of India.The unit has skilled and trained manpower totaling around 1400 employees in production. BNP campus is spread over an area of 185 hectares of land. In addition to the high security printing complex, there is a specialized Ink factory unit which produces Security Inks for BNP Dewas and other units of SPMCIL for the printing of other government documents. There is also a residential complex with nearly 1400 quarters for employees to reside. TheCentral Industrial Security Force(CISF) provides security and fire coverage for the printing complex and transportation of bank note consignments.
Media
editIn terms of print media, Satyakaar a daily evening newspaper is published from Dewas. Along with this, newspapers likeDainik Bhaskar,Naidunia,Patrikaetc. published from Indore are also circulated here.
Transportation
editRail
editDewas Junction(station code: DWX) is the main railway junction of Dewas city. It is a 'B' Grade Railway Junction, under the Ratlam division of the Western Railways zone. It is well connected to nearby junctions such asIndore Junction(INDB) to the north-west andUjjain Junction(UJN) south-west, via an electrified rail line. It is situated onIndore–Gwalior linerail line.
Road
editDewas is well connected to major cities across the state and country, via both National and State level highways.NH-47andNH-52connects Dewas toIndoreand other cities of Madhya Pradesh. MP SH-18 connects Dewas toBhopal,UjjainandAhmedabad.
Air
editDewas does not have an airport or an airstrip of its own. The nearest airport isDevi Ahilya Bai Holkar AirportinIndore,which is about 40 km (25 mi) away by road. An airport is proposed to be built inDewas districtatChapdavillage. Construction of the airport is stated to begin soon as of 2022.[23]
Places of interest
editDewas is known for the Devi Chamunda temple and the Devi Tulaja Bhavani temple situated on a 300-foot (91 m) hilltop (Tekri). A broad flight of stone steps leads to two shrines to the goddesses, Choti Mata (Chamunda Mata) and Badi Mata (Tulja Bhavani Mata). Numerous other temples spread over the Tekri can be explored on foot.[24][25]
- Shri Sheelnath Dhuni at the Tekri foothills is a place of worship for followers of Saint Sheelnath Maharaj's of GorakhNathSumpradaya. Sheelnath Maharaj belonged to a royal family of Jaipur and later became a Yogi of Gorakh Nath Sumpradaya, who lived in Dewas in his old age.[26]
- The Pawar Chatries near the Meetha talab of Dewas are examples of Maratha architecture in the area.[27]
- Kailadevi temple at Dewas is the largest in the state. It is situated at Mishri Lal Nagar (Agra Bombay Road). It was established in December 1995 by businessman Mannulal Garg. This modern temple was built by South Indian artists; it houses a 51-foot (16 m) statue of LordHanuman.The originalKaila Devi Templeis located on the banks of the Kalisil river inKaraulidistrict ofRajasthan.The temple is devoted to the tutelary deity of the former princely rulers of the Karauli state, Kaila.[28][29]
- Mahadev mandir is a temple in Shankar Gadh built by the Dewas ruler Shrimant Sadashive Rao Maharaja (Khase Saheb) in 1942. The temple is located on a small hill south of the city.[30]
- Mahakaleshwar temple, Bilwali - Bilavali village is situated 3 km north of Dewas.[30]
-
Night-view of Dewas City from Tekri Hilltop -
Maa Chamunda at Tekri, Dewas -
Maa Tulja Bhawani at Terki Dewas -
Maa Tulja Bhawani Temple, Tekri Dewas -
Maa Chamunda Mata Temple, Tekri Dewas
Notable people
edit-
A rare photograph of the 3 successive Maharajas ofDewas Junior State.(L to R - HH Maharaja Sadashiv Rao Puar, HH Maharaja Yeshwant Rao Puar and HH Maharaja Malhar Rao Puar) -
Maharaja Tukoji Rao III Puar ofDewas Senior
- Tukoji Rao III Puar,(Ruler of Dewas Senior State)
- Vikramsinh Rao I Puar,(Ruler of Dewas Senior State)
- Krishnaji Rao III Puar,(Ruler of Dewas Senior State)
- Tukoji Rao IV Puar,(Politician)
- Vikram Singh Rao II Puar,(Politician)
- Edward Morgan Forster,(English Author based in Dewas Senior State, who wrote 'Hill of Devi')
- Madhav Vinayak Kibe,(Statesman & Dewan of Dewas Junior State)
- Kumar Gandharva,(Indian Classical Singer)
- Digvijay Bhonsale,(Rock/Metal Musician)
- Neha Hinge,(Model & Actress)
- Anant Sadashiv Patwardhan,(Politician)
- Mukul Shivputra,(Indian Classical Singer)
- Kailash Chandra Joshi,(Politician)
- Sajjan Singh Verma,(Politician)
- Deepak Joshi,(Politician)
- Manoj Choudhary,(Politician)
- Tejsingh Sendhav,(Politician)
- Manohar Untwal,(Politician)
- Rajendrasingh Baghel,(Politician)
- Hukam Chand Kachwai,(Politician)
- Mahendra Solanki,(Politician)
- Ashif Shaikh,(Social Worker)
- Mishrilal Gangwal,(Politician)
- Bapulal Kishan,(Politician)
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ab"Census of India: Dewas".www.censusindia.gov.in.Retrieved27 November2019.
- ^"52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India"(PDF).nclm.nic.in.Ministry of Minority Affairs.Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 25 May 2017.Retrieved23 June2019.
- ^Meyer, William Stevenson, Sir; Burn, Richard, Sir; Cotton, James Sutherland; Risley, Sir Herbert Hope.Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 11.p. 278.
{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^"Bank Note Press (BNP) Dewas".SPMCIL.Retrieved25 August2012.
- ^"Amid cash crisis, Bank Note Press ropes in retired employees".11 December 2016.
- ^"Dewas: The Dream City - About Us".Archived fromthe originalon 19 February 2018.Retrieved30 June2016.
- ^Forster, Edward Morgan (1 January 1953).The Hill of Devi.Harcourt, Brace.ISBN9780156402651.
- ^"Geography".dic.mp.nic.in.Retrieved30 September2016.
- ^One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain:Chisholm, Hugh,ed. (1911). "Dewas".Encyclopædia Britannica.Vol. 8 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 137.
- ^Madan, T.N. (1988).Way of Life: King, Householder, Renouncer: Essays in Honour of Louis Dumont.Motilal Banarsidass. p. 129.ISBN9788120805279.Retrieved4 July2015.
- ^Russell, Robert Vane (1916)."Pt. II. Descriptive articles on the principal castes and tribes of the Central Provinces".
- ^"History Of Dewas".dic.mp.nic.in.Retrieved30 September2016.
- ^"Dewas climate: Average Temperature, weather by month, Dewas weather averages - Climate-Data.org".Retrieved17 December2020.
- ^"Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2024"(PDF).Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2024.7 September 2024.
- ^"Madhya Pradesh: Maratha community protests demolition of collector office building in Dewas".Free Press Journal.Retrieved5 March2023.
- ^"Dewas Lok Sabha Election Results 2019: Dewas Election Result 2019 | Dewas Winning MP & Party | Dewas Lok Sabha Seat".Business Standard.Retrieved23 May2019.
- ^"DEWAS Election Result 2018, Winner, DEWAS MLA, Madhya Pradesh".Retrieved31 May2021.
- ^First Report of the Royal Commission on Opium: With Minutes of Evidence and Appendices...H.M. Stationery Office. 1894. p.149.
dewas city.
- ^"Transmission and Differential Gears, Gearboxes - Gajra Gears Pvt. Limited - A Gajra Group Company, Indore Indiaes".www.gajra.com.
- ^"Handy Craft".dic.mp.nic.in.Retrieved30 September2016.
- ^"Wind Energy".dic.mp.nic.in.Retrieved30 September2016.
- ^"BANKS".dic.mp.nic.in.Retrieved30 September2016.
- ^"Plan for construction of green field airport to be implemented".Daily Pioneer.Retrieved5 October2022.
- ^"जिला प्रशासन देवास, मध्य प्रदेश शासन | उद्योगों का शहर".dewas.nic.in(in Hindi).Retrieved19 February2021.
- ^"Dewas Mata Tekari".indoremerijaan.in.Archived fromthe originalon 31 July 2017.
- ^"Ashram Center for Shaktipat".Narayan Kuti Sanyas Ashram.Retrieved19 February2021.
- ^"Meetha Talab - Improvement and beautification"(PDF)(in Hindi). Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 20 August 2016.Retrieved9 July2016.
- ^"DEWAS: The city of goddess".Archived fromthe originalon 8 August 2016.Retrieved30 June2016.
- ^"Dewas - Ghumakkar - Inspiring travel experiences".Archived fromthe originalon 16 September 2016.Retrieved9 July2016.
- ^ab"Religious places of Dewas".Archived fromthe originalon 11 May 2015.Retrieved9 July2016.
External links
edit
- Government website on Dewas district
Dewastravel guide from Wikivoyage
