Dinar

Thedinar(/dɪˈnɑːr/) is the name of the principalcurrencyunit in several countries near theMediterranean Sea,with a more widespread historical use. The English word "dinar" is the transliteration of theArabicدينار (dīnār), which was borrowed via theSyriacdīnarā,itself from theLatin dēnārius.^[1]^[2]

Themodern gold dinaris a projectedbullion gold coin,and as of 2019^[update]is not issued as an official currency by any state.

History

Silver dinar from the reign of Serbian kingStefan Uroš I(1243–1255).

The modern dinar's historical antecedents are thegold dinarand thesilver dirham,the main coin of the medievalIslamic empires,first issued inAH77 (696–697 AD) (Late Antiquity) byCaliph Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan.The word "dinar" derives from the Latin word "dēnārius,"a silver coin ofancient Rome,which was first minted about c. 211 BC.

TheKushan Empireintroduced a gold coin known as thedīnārain India in the 1st century AD; theGupta Empireand its successors up to the 6th century adopted the coin.^[3]^[4]

The 8th century English kingOffa of Merciaminted copies ofAbbasiddinars struck in 774 by CaliphAl-Mansurwith "Offa Rex" centred on the reverse.^[5]^[6]Themoneyerlikely had no understanding ofArabicas the Arabic text contains many errors. Such coins may have been produced for trade withIslamic Spain.These coins are called aMancus,which is also derived from theArabic language.^[7]

Legal tender

Countries with current usage

Countries currently using a currency called "dinar" or similar:

Umayyad Caliphategolden dinar.

Countries	Currency	ISO 4217code
Algeria	Algerian dinar	DZD
Bahrain	Bahraini dinar	BHD
Iraq	Iraqi dinar	IQD
Jordan	Jordanian dinar	JOD
Kuwait	Kuwaiti dinar	KWD
Libya	Libyan dinar	LYD
North Macedonia	Macedonian denar	MKN (1992–1993) MKD (1993−present)
Serbia	Serbian dinar	RSD CSD (2003–2006)
Tunisia	Tunisian dinar	TND

As a subunit

1⁄100of theIranian rial

Countries with former usage

Countries and regions which have previously used a currency called "dinar" in the 20th century:

Countries	Currency	ISO 4217code	Used	Replaced by
Abu Dhabi	Bahraini dinar	BHD	1966–1973	United Arab Emirates Dirham
Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina	Bosnia and Herzegovina dinar	BAD	1992–1998	Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark
Croatia	Croatian dinar	HRD	1991–1994	Croatian kuna
Iran	Iranian rialwas divided into at first 1250 and then 100 dinars
South Yemen	South Yemeni dinar	YDD	1965–1990	Yemeni rial
Yemen	South Yemeni dinar	YDD	1990–1996	Yemeni rial
Sudan	Sudanese dinar	SDD	1992–2007	Sudanese pound
Kingdom of Yugoslavia SFR Yugoslavia FR Yugoslavia	Yugoslav dinar	YUF (1945–1965) YUD (1965–1989) YUN (1990–1992) YUR (1992–1993) YUO (1993) YUG (1994) YUM (1994–2003)	1918–2003	Serbian dinar

References

^Oxford English Dictionary,Second edition, 1989,s.v."dinar"; online version November 2010
^Versteegh, C. H. M.; Versteegh, Kees (2001).The Arabic Language.Edinburgh University Press. p. 60.ISBN 978-0-7486-1436-3.
^Friedberg, Arthur L.; Friedberg, Ira S. (2009).Gold Coins of the World: From Ancient Times to the Present.Coin & Currency Institute. p. 457.ISBN 978-0-87184-308-1.
^Mookerji, Radhakumud (2007).The Gupta Empire.Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 30–31.ISBN 978-81-208-0440-1.
^"Coin | British Museum".
^Medieval European CoinageArchived2023-08-12 at theWayback Machineby Philip Grierson, p. 330.
^"THE GOLD" MANCUS "- jstor".

External links

Krause, Chester L.; Clifford Mishler (2003).2004Standard Catalog of World Coins:1901–Present.Colin R. Bruce II (senior editor) (31st ed.). Krause Publications.ISBN 0873495934.
Malaysia: Kelantan collects Zakat in Shariah money

[1] Oxford English Dictionary,Second edition, 1989,s.v."dinar"; online version November 2010

[2] Versteegh, C. H. M.; Versteegh, Kees (2001).The Arabic Language.Edinburgh University Press. p. 60.ISBN 978-0-7486-1436-3.

[3] Friedberg, Arthur L.; Friedberg, Ira S. (2009).Gold Coins of the World: From Ancient Times to the Present.Coin & Currency Institute. p. 457.ISBN 978-0-87184-308-1.

[4] Mookerji, Radhakumud (2007).The Gupta Empire.Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 30–31.ISBN 978-81-208-0440-1.

[5] "Coin | British Museum".

[6] Medieval European CoinageArchived2023-08-12 at theWayback Machineby Philip Grierson, p. 330.

[7] "THE GOLD" MANCUS "- jstor".

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