TheE4 series(E4 hệ)was a high-speedShinkansenelectric multiple unittrain type operated byEast Japan Railway Company(JR East) in Japan. They were the second series of completelybi-levelShinkansen trainsets to be built in Japan (the other being theE1 series). They previously operated on theTōhokuandJōetsu Shinkansen,and occasionally on theNagano Shinkansen.E4 series trains feature double-decker cars to accommodate additional commuter traffic aroundTokyoand other urban areas.[1]They were often coupled to400 seriestrains on theTōhoku Shinkansenbetween Tokyo and Fukushima before the latter retired in April 2010 along with theE3 seriestrains until September 2012. The last trains of the E4 series were withdrawn from regular service on 1 October 2021.
| E4 series | |
|---|---|
 E4 series train set P20 on a Joetsu ShinkansenMax Tanigawaservice in February 2021 | |
| In service | 20 December 1997 – 17 October 2021 (23 years, 301 days) |
| Manufacturer | Hitachi,Kawasaki Heavy Industries |
| Family name | Max |
| Constructed | 1997–2003 |
| Entered service | December 1997 (Tohoku Shinkansen) May 2001 (Joetsu Shinkansen) |
| Scrapped | 2013–2022 |
| Number built | 208 vehicles (26 sets) |
| Number in service | None |
| Number preserved | 1 vehicle |
| Number scrapped | 207 vehicles (26 sets) |
| Successor | E7 series |
| Formation | 8 cars per trainset |
| Fleet numbers | P1–P22, P51–P52, P81–P82 |
| Capacity | 817 (54 Green + 763 Standard) |
| Operators | JR East |
| Depots | Niigata, Sendai |
| Lines served | Joetsu Shinkansen,Tōhoku Shinkansen |
| Specifications | |
| Car body construction | Aluminium |
| Car length | End cars:25,700 mm (84 ft3+13⁄16in), Intermediate cars:25,000 mm (82 ft1⁄4in) |
| Width | 3,380 mm (11 ft1+1⁄16in) |
| Doors | 2 per side |
| Maximum speed | 240 km/h (150 mph) |
| Weight | 428 t |
| Traction system | IGBT-VVVF (Mitsubishi Co.) |
| Traction motors | 16 x 420 kW (563 hp) AC traction motors |
| Power output | 6.72 MW (9,012 hp) |
| Acceleration | 1.65 km/(h⋅s) (1.03 mph/s) |
| Deceleration | 2.69 km/(h⋅s) (1.67 mph/s) (service) 4.04 km/(h⋅s) (2.51 mph/s) (emergency) |
| Electric system(s) | 25 kV AC, 50 Hzoverhead catenary 25kV AC, 50Hz and 60Hz (Sets P81 and 82 only, for use on Hokuriku Shinkansen.) |
| Current collector(s) | Pantograph |
| UIC classification | 2′2′+Bo′Bo′+Bo′Bo′+2′2′+2′2′+Bo′Bo′+Bo′Bo′+2′2′ |
| Braking system(s) | Pneumatic and Regenerative |
| Safety system(s) | ATC-2,DS-ATC |
| Multiple working | 400/E3-1000/E3-2000 series |
| Track gauge | 1,435 mm(4 ft8+1⁄2in)standard gauge |
Two eight-car sets can be coupled together for extra capacity: a sixteen-car E4 series formation trainset carries a total of 1,634 seated passengers, the highest-capacity high-speed rail trainset in the world.[2]
26 units were built between 1997 and 2003. As with the earlier E1 series trains, maximum speed was 240 km/h (150 mph).
Formation
edit| Car No. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Designation | T1c | M1 | M2 | T | Tk | Mp | Ms | Tpsc |
| Numbering | E453-100 | E455-100 | E456-100 | E458 | E459-200 | E455 | E446 | E444 |
| Seating capacity | 75 | 133 | 119 | 124 | 110 | 122 | 91 | 43 |
Cars 4 and 6 were each equipped with a PS201 pantograph.[3]
Variants
editSets P51 and P52, delivered in January and February 2001 were designed to cope with the steep gradients of theNagano Shinkansenfor use on services to Karuizawa.[3]
Sets P81 and P82, delivered in July and November 2003 were designed to cope with the steep gradients of theNagano Shinkansen,and are also capable of operating under 50 Hz and 60 Hz overhead power supplies for use on services to Nagano.[3]
Interior
editAs with the earlier E1 series, the upper deck saloons of non-reserved cars 1 to 3 were arranged 3+3 with no individual armrests, and did not recline. The lower decks of these cars, and the reserved-seating saloons in cars 4 to 8 had regular 2+3 seating. Thegreen carsaloons on the upper decks of cars 7 to 8 had 2+2 seating. The trains had a total seating capacity of 817 passengers.[4]
-
Green class saloon (upper deck), February 2011 -
Standard-class reserved car lower deck with 2+3 seating -
Standard-class non-reserved car upper deck with non-reclining 3+3 seating -
Vestibule area and stairway
History
edit
The first E4 series set, P1, was delivered to Sendai Depot on 8 October 1997, with the first sets entering revenue-earning service on the Tohoku Shinkansen from 20 December 1997.[3]
All cars were made no-smoking from the start of the revised timetable on 18 March 2007.[3]
In March 2011, it was announced that the entire E4 series fleet would be withdrawn by around 2016.[5]
In September 2012, E4 series were entirely withdrawn from Tohoku Shinkansen services, and all allocated for use on Joetsu Shinkansen services only.[6]The trains were withdrawn from regular service on 1 October 2021,[7]and were completely retired on 17 October of the same year.
Livery change
edit
From 2014, the fleet of 24 sets still in service began to be repainted, receiving a new livery identical to that previously carried by theE1 seriestrains, with atoki(crested ibis) pink stripe separating the white on the upper body and blue on the lower body. The first reliveried set, P5, was returned to service in early April 2014,[8]with the entire fleet be treated by the end of fiscal 2015.[9]
-
The new logo, April 2014
Withdrawals
editWithdrawals started in July 2013, with sets P2 and P3.[10]
Preserved examples
edit
End car E444-1 from set P1 is displayed at the Niigata City Niitsu Railway Museum inNiitsu, Niigata.[11]It was moved by road from Niigata Depot to the museum in the early hours of 20 June 2017.[12]
Fleet list
editThe build details are as shown below.[3]All units retired from regular service as of 1 October 2021.
| Set No. | Manufacturer | Delivered | Reliveried | Withdrawn |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| P1 | Kawasaki HI | 8 October 1997 | 12 May 2015 | 2 April 2016[13] |
| P2 | Hitachi | 20 October 1997 | - | 3 July 2013[10] |
| P3 | Kawasaki HI | 27 October 1997 | - | 26 July 2013[10] |
| P4 | Hitachi | 10 February 1999 | 10 February 2016 | 15 September 2017 |
| P5 | Kawasaki HI | 22 February 1999 | 3 April 2014 | 5 December 2017[14] |
| P6 | Hitachi | 15 March 1999 | 11 June 2014 | 13 January 2018[14] |
| P7 | 14 April 1999 | 25 March 2015 | 29 May 2019 | |
| P8 | Kawasaki HI | 31 May 1999 | 3 July 2015 | 20 June 2019 |
| P9 | Hitachi | 21 June 1999 | 20 August 2015 | 12 July 2019 |
| P10 | Kawasaki HI | 12 July 1999 | 4 February 2015 | 7 May 2019 |
| P11 | Hitachi | 26 July 2000 | 3 March 2016 | 28 October 2021 |
| P12 | 28 August 2000 | 13 April 2016 | 24 November 2021 | |
| P13 | Kawasaki HI | 11 September 2000 | 10 May 2016 | 20 December 2021 |
| P14 | Hitachi | 13 October 2000 | 1 June 2016 | 18 January 2022 |
| P15 | Kawasaki HI | 16 October 2000 | 17 October 2016 | 17 December 2019 |
| P16 | Hitachi | 27 November 2000 | 1 May 2014 | 24 August 2020 |
| P17 | 21 March 2001 | 30 September 2014 | 14 February 2022 | |
| P18 | Kawasaki HI | 4 June 2001 | 30 April 2015 | 22 February 2021 |
| P19 | 25 June 2001 | 20 August 2015 | 18 March 2021 | |
| P20 | Hitachi | 16 July 2001 | 9 October 2015 | 26 April 2021 |
| P21 | Kawasaki HI | 9 October 2001 | 4 November 2015 | 27 May 2021 |
| P22 | 20 November 2001 | 18 December 2015 | 21 June 2021 | |
| P51 | 31 January 2001 | 7 July 2014 | 25 November 2020 | |
| P52 | 20 February 2001 | 27 August 2014 | 5 October 2021 | |
| P81 | Hitachi | 30 July 2003 | 22 July 2015 | 7 May 2021 |
| P82 | Kawasaki HI | 20 November 2003 | 19 January 2016 | 30 March 2022 |
See also
edit- TGV Duplex,French double-deck high speed train
- List of high-speed trains
References
edit- ^JR toàn xa 輌ハンドブック2006[JR Rolling Stock Handbook 2006]. Japan: Neko Publishing. 2006.ISBN4-7770-0453-8.
- ^Thiết đạo のテクノロジーVol1: Tân càn tuyến[Railway Technology Vol.1: Shinkansen]. Japan: Sanei Mook. April 2009.ISBN978-4-7796-0534-5.
- ^abcdefJR điện xa biên thành biểu 2010 hạ[JR EMU Formations – Summer 2010]. Japan: Kotsu Shimbunsha. May 2010. p. 9.ISBN978-4-330-14310-1.
- ^Saito, Masatoshi (9 March 2011).JR đông: 2 giai kiến て tân càn tuyến “Max” 5 niên hậu toàn 廃 lão hủ hóa tiến み[JR East to withdraw all "Max" double-decker trains within 5 years].Mainichi jp(in Japanese). Japan: The Mainichi Newspapers. Archived fromthe originalon 10 March 2011.Retrieved9 March2011.
- ^JR điện xa biên thành biểu 2018 đông[JR EMU Formations – Winter 2018] (in Japanese). Japan: Kotsu Shimbunsha. 15 November 2017. p. 13.ISBN978-4-330-84117-5.
- ^"JR East to Retire the Last Double-Decker Shinkansen Train – Japan Station".japanstation.com.Retrieved11 August2021.
- ^E4 hệ P biên thành が đồ trang 変 canh を thật thi[E4 series P sets repainted].RM News(in Japanese). Japan: Neko Publishing Co., Ltd. 7 April 2014. Archived fromthe originalon 9 August 2017.Retrieved7 April2014.
- ^"Thượng việt tân càn tuyến (E4 hệ )のエクステリアデザインが sinh まれ変わります!"[Exterior design of Joetsu Shinkansen E4 series to be updated](PDF).News release(in Japanese). Japan: East Japan Railway Company – Niigata Division. 26 March 2014. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 27 March 2014.Retrieved27 March2014.
- ^abcJR điện xa biên thành biểu 2014 đông[JR EMU Formations – Winter 2014]. Japan: Kotsu Shimbunsha. 1 December 2013. p. 356.ISBN978-4-330-42413-2.
- ^Tân tân thiết đạo tư liêu quán tân quy thật vật xa 輌 triển kỳ[New rolling stock exhibits at Niigata City Niitsu Railway Museum].Tetsudo Hobidas(in Japanese). Japan: Neko Publishing Co., Ltd. 7 June 2017.Archivedfrom the original on 8 June 2017.Retrieved8 June2017.
- ^Thâm dạ の trụ trạch nhai, tân càn tuyến ゆっくり lục tống tân tả[Shinkansen transported slowly by road late at night through residential area in Niigata].The Asahi Shimbun(in Japanese). Japan. 21 June 2017.Archivedfrom the original on 21 June 2017.Retrieved21 June2017.
- ^JR xa lạng のうごき[JR rolling stock changes].Tetsudō Daiya Jōhō Magazine(in Japanese). Vol. 45, no. 389. Japan: Kōtsū Shimbun. September 2016. pp. 81, 357.
- ^abJR xa lạng のうごき[JR rolling stock changes].Tetsudo Daiya Joho Magazine(in Japanese). Vol. 47, no. 407. Japan: Kotsu Shimbun. March 2018. p. 103.
External links
edit
- E4 SeriesMax Toki/Max Tanigawa(in Japanese)(Archivedon July 24, 2017)