United Nations Economic and Social Council

"ECOSOC" redirects here. For the political ideology, seeEco-socialism.

TheUnited Nations Economic and Social Council(ECOSOC) is one of thesix principal organsof theUnited Nations,responsible for coordinating the economic and social fields of the organization, specifically in regards to thefifteen specialized agencies,the eight functional commissions, and the five regional commissions under its jurisdiction.

United Nations Economic and Social Council
History
Founded	26 June 1945(1945-06-26)
Leadership
President	Bob Rae
Structure
Seats	African states (14) Asia-Pacific states (11) Eastern European states (6) Latin American and Caribbean states (10) Western European and other states (13)
Meeting place
United Nations Economic and Social Council chamber atUnited Nations headquarters
Website
ecosoc.un.org/en

ECOSOC serves as the central forum for discussing international economic and social issues, and formulating policy recommendations addressed to member states and the United Nations System.It has 54 members.In addition to a rotating membership of 54 UN member states,over 1,600 nongovernmental organizationshaveconsultative statuswith the Council to participate in the work of the United Nations.

ECOSOC holds one four-week session each year in July, and since 1998 has also held an annual meeting in April with finance ministers of heading key committees of theWorld Bankand theInternational Monetary Fund(IMF). Additionally, the High-Level Political Forum (HLPF), which reviews the implementation of the2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development,is convened under the auspices of the Council every July.

The members of ECOSOC are responsible for electing the executive board ofUNICEF,the council of theUnited Nations Development Programme,the committee ofUNHCR,and various commissions and other bodies under its jurisdiction. ECOSOC is also responsible for tasks such as reviewing and updating the UN list ofleast developed countries.

President

Main article:President of the United Nations Economic and Social Council

The president of the Council is elected for a one-year term and chosen from the small or medium sized states represented on the Council at the beginning of each new session.The presidency rotates among theUnited Nations Regional Groupsto ensure equal representation.

His ExcellencyBob Raewas elected the eightieth President of the Economic and Social Council for the 2025 Session on 25 July 2024.Paula Narváez,Representative of Chile, was elected as the seventy-ninth president of the Council on 27 July 2023. She succeededLachezara Stoeva,who was elected as the seventy-eighth president of the Council on 25 July 2022,succeedingCollen Vixen Kelapileof Botswana.

Members

See also:List of members of the United Nations Economic and Social Council

The Council consists of 54 Member States, which are elected yearly by theGeneral Assemblyfor overlapping three-year terms. Seats on the Council are allocated ensuring equitable geographic rotation among the United Nations regional groups.Outgoing members are eligible for immediate re-election, and some seats are held byde factopermanent members.

History

In 1945 when theUnited Nations Charterwas originally signed, the Economic and Social Council consisted of 18 seats. The formal concept of theUnited Nations Regional Groupsdid not yet exist, and unlike theSecurity Council,there was no "gentlemen's agreement" between thesuperpowersto assign ECOSOC seats. Regardless, with 4 exceptions out of 102 elections (see list), a relatively stable pattern emerged and held until 1960:

• 5 seats to thePermanent Fiveof the UNSC
• 4 seats toLatin America
• 2 seats toEastern Europe
• 1 seat to theBritish Commonwealth
• 3 seats to the "NearandFar East"
• 3 seats toWestern Europe

As the number of United Nations members grew withdecolonization,the pattern began to break down starting in 1961, with nations inAfricawinning elections to seats formerly held by Western Europe and theRepublic of China (Taiwan).

In 1965, the Charter was amended to increase the size of ECOSOC to 27 seats, and the Regional Groups were formally introduced. The seat distribution became:

• 7 seats to theAfrican Group
• 5 seats to theAsian Group
• 3 seats to theEastern European Group
• 5 seats to theLatin American and Caribbean Group
• 7 seats to theWestern European and Others Group

In 1973, the Charter was amended again to increase the size of ECOSOC to 54 seats. The seat distribution became:

• 14 seats to theAfrican Group
• 11 seats to theAsia-Pacific Group(renamed from the Asian Group in 2011)
• 6 seats to theEastern European Group
• 10 seats to theLatin American and Caribbean Group
• 13 seats to theWestern European and Others Group

Current members

Term	African States	Asia-Pacific States	Eastern European States	Latin American & Caribbean States	Western European & Other States
2025 – 2027	Algeria Ivory Coast Djibouti South Africa Tanzania	Bangladesh Saudi Arabia Sri Lanka Uzbekistan	Armenia Azerbaijan	Antigua and Barbuda Dominican Republic Mexico	Australia Austria Canada Finland Italy Netherlands Switzerland
2024 – 2026	Kenya Mauritania Nigeria Senegal Zambia	Japan Nepal Pakistan	Poland Vacant	Haiti Paraguay Suriname Uruguay	France Germany Liechtenstein Spain Turkey United Kingdom
2023 – 2025	Botswana Cape Verde Cameroon Equatorial Guinea	China Laos Qatar Republic of Korea	Slovakia Slovenia	Brazil Colombia Costa Rica	Denmark New Zealand Sweden
2022 – 2024	Côte d'Ivoire Tunisia Tanzania Eswatini Mauritius	Afghanistan India Oman Kazakhstan	Croatia Czechia	Belize Chile Peru	Belgium Italy Canada United States

Observer Inter-Governmental Autonomous Organisations

Participation on a continuing basis:

• African Regional Centre of Technology
• Asian and Pacific Development Centre
• Asian Productivity Organisation
• Council of Arab Economic Unity
• Global Water Partnership
• Helsinki Commission
• Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture
• Intergovernmental Forum on Mining, Minerals, Metals and Sustainable Development
• Intergovernmental Institution For the Use of Micro-Algae Spirulina Against Malnutrition
• International Association of Economic and Social Councils and Similar Institutions
• International Center for Public Enterprises in Developing Countries
• International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology
• Islamic Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
• Latin American Energy Organization
• Organisation of Ibero-American States
• Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries
• Regional Organisation for the Protection of the Marine Environment
• Union des Conseils Économiques et Sociaux Africains
• West African Economic and Monetary Union
• World Deserts Foundation

Participation on anad hocbasis:

• African Accounting Council
• African Cultural Institute
• Arab Security Studies and Training Center
• Council of Arab Ministers of the Interior
• International Bauxite Association
• International Civil Defence Organisation
• Latin American Social Sciences Institute

Commissions

Functional commissions

Active

The following are the active functional commission of the Council:

• Commission on Narcotic Drugs(CND)
• Commission on Population and Development(CPD)
• Commission on Science and Technology for Development(CSTD)
• Commission on the Status of Women(CSW)
• Statistical Commission(StatCom)
• Commission for Social Development(CSocD)
• Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice(CCPCJ)
• Forum on Forests(UNFF)

Disbanded

The following commissions were disbanded by the Council and replaced by other bodies:

• Commission on Human Rights(UNCHR)
  • Disbanded in 2006 and replaced by theUnited Nations Human Rights Council(UNHRC), a subsidiary organ of the General Assembly.
• Commission on Sustainable Development(CSD)
  • Disbanded in 2013 and replaced by theHigh-level Political Forum on Sustainable Development(HLPF), a joint subsidiary body of the General Assembly and ECOSOC.

Regional commissions

The following are the active regional commissions of the Council:

• United Nations Economic Commission for Europe(ECE)
• United Nations Economic Commission for Africa(ECA)
• United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean(ECLAC)
• United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific(ESCAP)
• United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia(ESCWA)

Committees and other bodies

The following are some of the other bodies that the Council oversees in some capacity:

Standing committees

• Committee for Programme and Coordination (CPC)
• Committee on Non-Governmental Organizations
• Committee on Negotiations with Intergovernmental Agencies

Expert bodies

• Committee for Development Policy(CDP)
• Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights(CESCR)
• Committee of Experts on Global Geospatial Information Management(UN-GGIM)
• Committee of Experts on International Cooperation in Tax Matters
• Committee of Experts on Public Administration(CEPA)
• Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods and the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals
• Group of Experts on Geographical Names(UNGEGN)
• Intergovernmental Working Group of Experts on International Standards of Accounting and Reporting
• Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues(UNPFII)

Other subsidiary bodies

• System Chief Executives Board for Coordination (CEB)
• High-Level Committee on Management (HLCM)
• High-Level Committee on Programmes (HLCP)

Specialized agencies

See also:List of specialized agencies of the United Nations

The specialized agencies of the United Nations are autonomous organizations working within the United Nations System, meaning that while they report their activities to the Economic and Social Council, they are mostly free to their own devices. Some were created before the United Nations existed and were integrated into the system, others were created by the League of Nations and were integrated by its successor, while others were created by the United Nations itself to meet emerging needs.Each agency must negotiate with the Council as to what their relationship will look and work like. This leads to a system where different organizations maintain different types of relationships with the Council.For example,in the 1950sthe members of ECOSOC were responsible for granting a state admission toUNESCO,but now this is done by the members of UNESCO themselves.

The following is a list of the specialized agencies reporting to the Council:

• Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO)
• International Civil Aviation Organization(ICAO)
• International Fund for Agricultural Development(IFAD)
• International Labour Organization(ILO)
• International Monetary Fund(IMF)
• International Maritime Organization(IMO)
• International Telecommunication Union(ITU)
• United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization(UNESCO)
• United Nations Industrial Development Organization(UNIDO)
• United Nations World Tourism Organization(UNWTO)
• Universal Postal Union(UPU)
• World Bank Group(WBG)
  • International Bank for Reconstruction and Development(IBRD)
  • International Development Association(IDA)
  • International Finance Corporation(IFC)
  • Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency(MIGA)
  • International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes(ICSID)
• World Health Organization(WHO)
• World Intellectual Property Organization(WIPO)
• World Meteorological Organization(WMO)

"World Economic and Social Survey 2011: The Great Green Technological Transformation"

In a report issued in early July 2011, the UN called for spending nearly US$2 trillion ongreen technologiesto prevent what it termed "a major planetary catastrophe", warning that "It is rapidly expanding energy use, mainly driven byfossil fuels,that explains why humanity is on the verge of breaching planetarysustainabilityboundaries throughglobal warming,biodiversity loss,and disturbance of thenitrogen-cyclebalance and other measures of the sustainability of theearth'secosystem".

UN Secretary-GeneralBan Ki-moonadded: "Rather than viewing growth and sustainability as competing goals on a collision course, we must see them as complementary and mutually supportive imperatives". The report concluded that "Business as usual is not an option".

Reform of the Economic and Social Council

The governance of the multilateral system has historically been complex and fragmented. This has limited the capacity of ECOSOC to influence international policies in trade, finance, and investment. Reform proposals aim to enhance the relevance and contribution of the council. A major reform was approved by the2005 World Summitbased on proposals submitted by secretary-generalKofi Annan.The Summit aimed to establish ECOSOC as a quality platform for high-level engagement among member states and with international financial institutions, the private sector, and civil society on global trends, policies, and action. It resolved to hold biennial high-level Development Cooperation Forums at the national-leadership level, transforming the high-level segment of the Council to review trends in international development cooperation and promote greater coherence in development activities. At the Summit it was also decided to hold annual ministerial-level substantive reviews to assess progress in achieving internationally agreed on development goals (particularly theMillennium Development Goals). These "Annual Ministerial Reviews" will be replaced by the High-Level Political Forum from 2016 onwards after the new post-MDG/post-2015Sustainable Development Goalsare agreed upon.

Subsequent proposals by the High-Level Panel Report on System-Wide Coherence in November 2006 aimed to establish a forum within the ECOSOC as a counter-model to the exclusive clubs of theG8andG20.The Forum was to comprise 27 heads of state (L27, corresponding to half of ECOSOC's membership) to meet annually and provide international leadership in the development area. This proposal however, was not approved by the General Assembly.

Chamber design

The Economic and Social Council Chamber in theUnited Nations Conference Buildingwas a gift fromSweden.It was conceived by Swedish architectSven Markelius,one of the 11 architects in the international team that designed the UN headquarters. Wood from Swedish pine trees was used in the delegates' area for the railings and doors.

The pipes and ducts in the ceiling above the public gallery were deliberately left exposed; the architect believed that anything useful could be left uncovered. The "unfinished" ceiling is a symbolic reminder that the economic and social work of the United Nations is never finished; there will always be something more that can be done to improve living conditions for the world's people.

See also

• List of organizations with consultative status to the United Nations Economic and Social Council
• Copenhagen Consensus
• French Economic and Social Council
• European Economic and Social Committee(EU)
• Hard Choices: Moral Dilemmas in Humanitarian Intervention
• International Court of Justice
• International Hydrological Programme
• UN Secretariat
• UN Security Council
• UN Trusteeship Council
• UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs
• Union of International Associations
• Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics
• Chapter X of the United Nations Charter
• G20

Further reading

• Mathews-Schultz, A. (2020). "The Untold History of the United Nations, the US State Department, and Organized Interests in the Postwar Era."Social Science History,44(2), 197–222.

External links

• Official website