Ecatepec(Spanish:[ekateˈpek]ⓘ), officiallyEcatepec de Morelos,is a municipality in theState of Mexicosituated in the north of theGreater Mexico City urban area.The municipal seat is San Cristóbal Ecatepec.
Ecatepec de Morelos
Ecatepec | |
|---|---|
City &Municipality | |
 House of Morelos Museum | |
 Coat of arms | |
| Motto(s): Autonomía, Unión, Trabajo (Autonomy, Union, Work) | |
 Location of Ecatepec in the State of Mexico | |
| Coordinates:19°36′35″N99°03′36″W/ 19.60972°N 99.06000°W | |
| Country | Mexico |
| State | State of Mexico |
| Metro area | Greater Mexico City |
| Municipal Status | October 13, 1877[2] |
| Municipal Seat | San Cristóbal Centro |
| Government | |
| • Type | Ayuntamiento |
| •Municipal president | Azucena Cisneros Coss (2025–2027) |
| Area | |
• Total | 156.2 km2(60.3 sq mi) |
| • Water | 0.00 km2(0.00 sq mi) |
| Elevation (of seat) | 2,250 m (7,380 ft) |
| Population (2020) | |
• Total | 1,645,352[1] |
| • Rank | 9thin North America 3rdin Mexico |
| • Density | 10,533.6/km2(27,282/sq mi) |
| • Seat | 1,643,623 |
| • Metro area | 21,804,515 |
| Time zone | UTC−6(CST) |
| Postal code (of seat) | 55000 |
| Area code | 55 |
| Demonym | Ecatepequense |
| Website | Official website(in Spanish) |
The city of Ecatepec is co-extensive with the municipality, comprising 99% of the total population of 1,645,352.[1]It is Mexico's thirdmost-populous municipalityafterTijuanaand the 16 boroughs of Mexico City.[1]It is also the most-populous suburb of Greater Mexico City.
The name "Ecatepec" is derived fromNahuatland means "windy hill" or "hill devoted toEhecatl"(the wind god). It was also an alternative name for or invocation of the godQuetzalcoatl.[3]"Morelos" refers toJosé María Morelos,a hero of theMexican War of Independence.Saint Christopheris the city's patron saint, celebrated on July 25.[3]
Ecatepec is served by theMexico City metro,by the State of Mexico'sMexibúsbus rapid transitlines, and byMexicableaerial cable car lines.
Points of interest include theCatedral del Sagrado Corazón de Jesús,several colonial era churches, and the Morelos Museum in Casa de los Virreyes.[3]Mexico's busiest shopping center,Multiplaza Aragón,is also located in Ecatepec.[4]
Geography
editThe municipality is located north ofMexico City.[5]San Cristóbal Ecatepec, the municipal seat, has governing jurisdiction over the communities of San Pedro Xoloxtoc, Tulpetlac, Chiconautla, Ciudad Azteca, and Villa de Aragón. It has an area of 156.2 square kilometres (60.3 sq mi)[6]and borders the municipalities ofTlalnepantla de Baz,Tecámac,Coacalco de Berriozábal,Jaltenco,Acolman,Texcoco,Atenco,andNezahualcóyotland the Mexico City borough ofGustavo A. Madero.
The settlements in Ecatepec de Morelos are located in an elongated valley, spreading from the Valley of Mexico toSierra de Guadalupe.[citation needed]
Flora and fauna
editMost of the local flora and fauna live in the Sierra de Guadalupe. Animals include small mammals, like mice, rabbits, gray squirrels, and gophers, and birds, such ascenzontlesand sparrows. There are no large animals. The flora includes oyamel pines, oaks, ocote pines, century plants, prickly pears, andzacatón(mountain grass).[7]
History
editAztec Era
edit
Remains of the earliest human habitation of the area have been found on the nearbyCerro de Ecatepec(Hill of Ecatepec). The area was settled by successive waves ofOtomis;however, because of the later arrival ofToltec-Chichimecasthat dominated the rest of theValley of Mexico,the area eventually assimilated to the rest of the Valley, ending with its domination by theAztec Empire.[8]Ecatepec was an Aztecaltepetl,orcity-state.
From 1428 to 1539, Ecatepec was ruled by atlatoani(pl.tlatoque), or "speaker". Thetlatoqueof Ecatepec were closely related to the ruling dynasty ofTenochtitlan.[9]Notabletlatoqueinclude:[citation needed]
- Chimalpilli I,grandson ofMoctezuma I.
- Tezozomoc,son ofChimalpopoca.
- Matlaccohuatl,whose daughterTeotlalcomarriedMoctezuma II.
- Chimalpilli II,son ofAhuitzotl.
- Diego de Alvarado Huanitzin,grandson ofAxayacatl,who was made tlatoani of Tenochtitlan byAntonio de Mendoza,viceroyofNew Spain.
During theAztec empire,theMexicasused the town to control trade routes going north.[3]
Spanish rule and Independence
editEcatepec was considered a "República de Indios"(Indian Republic) in 1560, allowing it to maintain some autonomy and keeping the succession oftlatoanisor chiefs. However, in the first part of the 17th century this was changed to a mayorship, with the Spanish administrating, along with the communities ofZumpangoand Xalostoc.[8]
National heroJosé María Morelos y Pavónwas executed in Ecatepec in 1815 by the Spanish Army during theMexican War of Independence.The house in which he was executed is now a museum, Museo Casa de Morelos.
The municipality was officially created on October 13, 1874.[3]On October 1, 1877, San Cristóbal Ecatepec was declared a village and "de Morelos" was added to its name.[8]
Contemporary events
editEcatepec experienced exponential population growth from 1970, as a result of rural migration to the Valley of Mexico. The seat was declared a city on December 1, 1980,[3]and, by 2010, it had become the most populated municipality in the country. Population growth has stagnated since then.
TheRoman Catholic Diocese of Ecatepecis the newest in the country, erected on June 28, 1995, around theSagrado Corazón de Jesús Cathedral.[10]
In April 1995, the remains of amammothwere found in Colonia Ejidos de San Cristóbal, where the ancient lakes of Xaltocan-Ecatepec andTexcococame together and where the Aztecs build a dam to keep the fresh and salty waters separate. The bones were dated to around 10,500 BC.[8]
In February 2016,Pope Franciscelebratedmassin the city in front of a crowd of 300,000. The Pope's message was one of encouragement and opposition to the violence and drug trade in the region.[11]
Politics
editThis sectionneeds expansion.You can help byadding to it.(March 2021) |
| Mayor | Time |
|---|---|
| Luis Fernando Vilchis Contreras | 2019–2024 |
| Indalecio Ríos Velázquez | 2016–2019 |
Demography
editAlmost all of the population (99.9%) of the municipality lives in San Cristóbal Ecatepec, the thirdmost-populous cityin Mexico. There are also three rural localities in the municipality.[1]
| Locality | 2020 Census Population |
|---|---|
| San Cristóbal Ecatepec | 1,643,623 |
| Mesa de los Leones | 1,043 |
| Tierra Blanca 2a Sección (Ejido Ecatepec) | 615 |
| Vista Hermosa | 71 |
| Total Municipality | 1,645,352 |
Economy
editEcatepec is an industrial center. Manufacturing, commerce, and services are the main pillars of the economy.[12]Jumexhas its headquarters in the city.[13][14]
Two regional shopping malls, Plaza Las Américas andMultiplaza Aragón(Mexico's busiest as of 2018),[4]both with multiple hypermarket and department store anchors, are located in Ecatepec.
Infrastructure
editEcatepec, due to its population density, is one of the municipalities with the highest levels of infrastructure in the State of Mexico.
Roads
editEcatepec is a necessary path from Mexico City towards several other states in Mexico, such asHidalgo.Its principal regional roadways are:
- Vía Morelos.A continuation of Avenida Centenario, it starts on the border with thealcaldíaofGustavo A. Maderoand the municipality ofTlalnepantla de Baz.The road crosses several important industrial zones of Ecatepec, such as Xalostoc, Santa Calra, Tulpetlac, and San Andrés. Several factories are found on the road, such as those ofJumex,La Costeña,and Agromit. The road ends at the beginning of the Highway toPachuca,or Avenida Nacional, at the colony of Venta de Carpio, Ecatepec.
- Avenida Nacional.The road begins on the bridge of El Arte, and ends around Avenida Palomas. It connects with Avenida Hank González and connects with the México-Tepexpan and Los Reyes Lechería Highways. The avenue continues until the limits of Ecatepec withTecámac.
- Avenida Central.Also known as Avenida Central Carlos Hank González, it begins on the borders with Gustavo A. Madero. It is the continuation of Avenida Oceanía and Avenida 608. The road crosses Aragón from the Bosque de Aragón, through the colonies of San Juan de Aragón, all the sections of Valle de Aragón, Melchor Múzquiz, Fuentes de Aragón, Jardines de Aragón, and Rinconada de Aragón. Avenida Central continues after Aragón, crossing the following colonies of Ecatepec: Ciudad Azteca, Río de Luz, Industrias, Progreso de la Unión, Alfredo del Mazo, Valle de Ecatepec, Juan de la Barrera, Las Américas, Jardínes de Morelos, and 19 de Septiembre, and ends at the Venta de Carpio colony after crossing the Central de Abastos of Ecatepec, to which it owes the name "Central". Line B of the Mexico City Metro System and the first line of Mexibus run along this avenue. The Avenue is also a part of the Eje Troncal Metropolitano, which connects the south of the metropolitan area of Mexico City (Xochimilco) with the northern part (Ecatepec). Due to its extension, this roadway is often the site of several news reports.[15]
- Avenida R-1(or VíaAdolfo López Mateos). The avenue begins at the border with Gustavo A. Madero. Avenida R-1 is the continuation of Avenida León de los Aldama, and it crosses several industrial and residential zones. It concludes at the connection with Avenida Central.
- Anillo Periférico Oriente(orBoulevard Río de los Remedios). This roadway marks the southern limit of Ecatepec with Gustavo A. Madero and with the municipality of Nezahualcoyotl, and it is of great importance for the communication of Ecatepec and Mexico City.
- Autopista México-Pachuca.This highway begins in Mexico City, but has an exit at San Cristobal Ecatepec and theCircuito Exterior Mexiquenseto exit around Los Héroes on the Lechería-Texcoco Highway. It also has a branch that heads to the archeological site of theTeotihuacanpyramids.
- Avenida 30-30(orAvenida Revolución). This avenue is located in the San Cristobal colony of Ecatepec. It begins with a connection from Vía Morelos. The avenue is known for its 30-30 esplanade, where several bands have performed. This roadway connects with Vía José lópez Portillo, which leads towardsCoacalco de Berriozábal,TultitlánandCuautitlán Izcalli.The official name of the roadway is Avenida Revolución, but it is popularly known as Avenida 30-30 due to a hardware store named "30-30", which was the site of a public transportation stop.
- Autopista Circuito Exterior Mexiquense.Although the highway begins at the limits of Ecatepec with Anillo Periférico, it also has two exits towards Avenida Central, within the colony of Las Américas. It is frequently used to avoid traffic in Avenida Central during rush hour.
Transportation
edit
Ecatepec is served byLine Bof theMexico City Metrosystem, including the stations ofMuzquiz,Ecatepec (a.k.a. Tecnológico),Olímpica,Plaza Aragón,andCiudad Azteca.[16][17]
Mexibúsbus rapid transit serving the State of Mexico serves Ecatepec with:
- Line ICiudad Azteca – Ojo de Agua –Felipe Ángeles International Airport
- Line IILas Américas – La Quebrada
- Line IVIndios Verdes – Universidad Mexiquense del Bicentenario (Tecamac)
In 2016, a new form of public transportation started serving Ecatepec residents:Mexicable,anaerial cable carwhose main purpose is to help residents get around faster (as opposed to being a tourist attraction), especially in areas with numerous hills and valleys without adequate bridges and viaducts. Mexicable Line 1, the first cable car built in Mexico as a form of public transportation, has 190 cars traveling a length of almost 5 kilometers (3 miles); it takes about 17 minutes to ride along the entire line.[18]Line 1 connects Santa Clara with La Cañada via Hank González station. At Hank González station Mexicable Line 2 runs toIndios Verdes,a main hub for bus rapid transit (MetrobúsandMexibús), city bus,peserominibus, metro, and regional buses.
Ecatepec is located onFed 85,the Mexico City–Pachucahighway,Fed 57/Fed 57D (Circuito Exterior Mexiquense), andFed 132(Ecatepec–Teotihuacánhighway).
Sister cities
edit| City | State | Country | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Caracas | Miranda |  Venezuela |
|
| Cuautla |  Morelos |
 Mexico |
|
| Guadalupe |  Zacatecas |
Mexico |
[20] |
| Guangzhou | Guangdong |  China |
|
| Namyangju | Gyeonggi-do |  South Korea |
[21] |
| San Jose | San Jose Province |  Costa Rica |
[22] |
| Guarulhos | São Paulo |  Brazil |
[23] |
References
edit- ^abcd"Censo de Población y Vivienda 2020 - SCITEL"(in Spanish). INEGI.Archivedfrom the original on 26 January 2021.Retrieved27 January2021.
- ^"Bando Municipal de Ecatepec de Morelos 2015"(PDF).H. Ayuntamiento de Ecatepec de Morelos 2013-2015. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 23 September 2015.Retrieved18 August2015.
- ^abcdef"Historia de Ecatepec".Ecatepec.com.Archived fromthe originalon 7 October 2020.Retrieved8 March2008.
- ^ab""Multiplaza Aragón se consagra como el centro comercial más visitado de Méxiso en 2018" ( "Multiplaza Aragón is recognized as the busiest mall in Mexico in 2018" ), Fashion Network (Mexico) ".February 2019.Archivedfrom the original on 19 July 2022.Retrieved19 July2022.
- ^"Ecatepec de Morelos municipality"(PDF).3.inegi.org.mx.Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 28 May 2016.Retrieved28 August2017.
- ^"México en cifras - Medio Ambenciente - Estado de México"(in Spanish). INEGI. January 2016.Archivedfrom the original on 6 February 2021.Retrieved12 February2021.
- ^"Estado de México - Ecatepec".Inafed.gob.mx.Archived fromthe originalon 16 September 2020.Retrieved28 August2017.
- ^abcd"Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México Estado de Mexico Ecatepec".Archived fromthe originalon 30 September 2007.Retrieved8 March2008.
- ^Explorations in ethnohistory: Indians of central Mexico in the sixteenth centuryby H. R. Harvey, Hanns J. Prem
- ^"Diocese of Ecatepec".Catholic Hierarchy.Archivedfrom the original on 10 October 2011.Retrieved13 March2021.
- ^"Pope Francis warns Mexico City crowd against 'dialogue with the devil'".The Guardian.14 February 2016.Archivedfrom the original on 7 October 2020.Retrieved17 December2016.
- ^"Ecatepec de Morelos".Encyclopedia.com.Archivedfrom the original on 11 May 2021.Retrieved13 March2021.
- ^"ContactoArchived2014-02-09 at theWayback Machine"(Archive).Jumex.Retrieved on May 27, 2014. "Antigua Carretera Mexico Pachuca, Km 12.5 Xalostoc Estado De Mexico, CP 55340"
- ^"Aviso de privacidad"(Archive).Jumex.Retrieved on May 27, 2014. "[...]GRUPO JUMEX, S.A. de C.V., con domicilio en Carretera México-Pachuca KM 12.5, Colonia Rústica Xalostoc, Ecatepec de Morelos, Estado de México, C.P. 55340, México"
- ^"Carlos Hank report – Noticias Carlos Hank".carloshankreport.com.Archivedfrom the original on 17 July 2023.Retrieved22 February2023.
- ^"Ecatepec".Metro.df.gob.mx(in Spanish). Archived fromthe originalon 25 August 2012.Retrieved6 August2011.
- ^Archambault, Richard."Ecatepec » Mexico City Metro System".Mexicometro.org.Archivedfrom the original on 7 October 2020.Retrieved6 August2011.
- ^"President inaugurates cable car system".Mexico News Daily.Archivedfrom the original on 7 October 2020.Retrieved1 February2017.
- ^"The Medical Blog".Multilingualarchive.com.Archived fromthe originalon 11 February 2012.Retrieved28 August2017.
- ^"Municipio de Guadalupe, Zacatecas - Ciudades Hermanas".Archived fromthe originalon 29 April 2012.Retrieved22 March2012.
- ^"Organización Editorial Mexicana".Oem.com.mx.Archived fromthe originalon 7 October 2020.Retrieved28 August2017.
- ^"Convenios Nacionales e Internacionales".msj.go.cr(in Spanish). San José. Archived fromthe originalon 10 December 2021.Retrieved25 January2021.
- ^"Cooperação Internacional".guarulhos.sp.gov.br(in Portuguese). Guarulhos.Archivedfrom the original on 11 June 2020.Retrieved11 June2020.
External links
edit
- (in Spanish)Portal of Ecatepec de Morelos
- (in Spanish)Ayuntamiento Constitucional de Ecatepec de MorelosOfficial website