Emperor Ōgimachi(Chính thân đinh thiên hoàng,Ōgimachi-tennō,June 18, 1517 – February 6, 1593)was the 106thEmperor of Japan,according to the traditional order of succession. He reigned from November 17, 1557, to hisabdicationon December 17, 1586, corresponding to the transition between theSengoku periodand theAzuchi–Momoyama period.His personal name was Michihito ( phương nhân ).[1]
| Emperor Ōgimachi Chính thân đinh thiên hoàng | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Portrait of Emperor Ōgimachi, unknown artist, late 16th century | |||||
| Emperor of Japan | |||||
| Reign | November 17, 1557 – December 17, 1586 | ||||
| Enthronement | February 22, 1560 | ||||
| Predecessor | Go-Nara | ||||
| Successor | Go-Yōzei | ||||
| Shōguns | |||||
| Born | Michihito(Phương nhân) June 18, 1517 Ashikaga shogunate | ||||
| Died | February 6, 1593(aged 75) Sentō Palace,Kyoto.Azuchi–Momoyama period | ||||
| Burial | Fukakusa no kita no Misasagi( thâm thảo bắc lăng ) Kyoto | ||||
| Issue more... | Prince Masahito | ||||
| |||||
| House | Imperial House of Japan | ||||
| Father | Emperor Go-Nara | ||||
| Mother | Madenokōji (Fujiwara) Eiko | ||||
| Signature |  | ||||
Genealogy
editŌgimachi was the first son ofEmperor Go-Nara.
- Lady-in-waiting (Naishi-no-Suke): Madenokōji (Fujiwara) Fusako ( vạn lí tiểu lộ phòng tử; d.1580) later Seiko-in ( thanh quang viện ), Madenokōji Hidefusa's daughter
- Second daughter: Princess Eikō (1540–1551; vĩnh cao nữ vương )
- Third daughter (b.1543)
- Eldest son:Imperial Prince Masahito(Thành nhân thân vương,Masahito-shinnō,1552–1586),also known as Prince Sanehito and posthumously namedYōkwōindaijō-tennō.Masahito's eldest son was Imperial Prince Kazuhito(Hòa nhân thân vương,Kazuhito-shinnō,1572–1617)who becameEmperor Go-Yōzei.[2]Go-Yōzei elevated the rank of his father, even though his father's untimely death made this impossible in life. In this manner, Go-Yōzei himself could enjoy thepolite fictionof being the son of an emperor.
- Daughter (1562–67, mother speculated)
- Lady-in-waiting (Naishi-no-Suke): Asukai Masatsuna's daughter
- daughter:??? ( xuân linh nữ vương; 1549–1569)
- daughter: Princess Eisho ( vĩnh tôn nữ vương; 1563–1571)
- Lady-in-waiting (Naishi-no-Suke): Dai-Naishi ( đại điển thị ), Madenokōji Katafusa's daughter
- First daughter (1539–1543)
Events of Ōgimachi's life
editŌgimachi became Emperor upon the death ofEmperor Go-Nara.
- 1560(Eiroku3, 1st month): Ōgimachi was proclaimed emperor. The ceremonies of coronation were made possible because they were paid for byMōri Motonariand others.[3]
- 1560(Eiroku 3, 5th month):Imagawa Yoshimotoled the armies of the province ofSurugaagainst theOwari;at theBattle of Okehazama,his forces fought againstOda Nobunaga,but Imagawa's army was vanquished and he was slain. Then Nobunaga took over the province of Owari.Tokugawa Ieyasutook over the province ofMikawaand made himself master ofOkazaki Castle.[1]
- 1564(Eiroku 7): Oda Nobunaga completed the conquest ofMino;he built a new castle atGifu.[4]
- 1568(Eiroku 11, 2nd month):Ashikaga Yoshihidebecameshōgun.[5]
- 1568(Eiroku 11, 9th month):ShōgunYoshihide died from a contagious disease.[5]
The finances of the emperor and his court were greatly strained. The authority of theImperial Courtalso began to fall, but this trend reversed afterOda NobunagaenteredKyotoin a show of allegiance but which also indicated that the Emperor had the Oda clan's support. Frequently using the Emperor as a mediator when fighting enemies, Nobunaga worked to unify the disparate elements to Japan. However, by around 1573, Nobunaga began demanding the Emperor's abdication, but the Emperor refused.
Before political power was transferred toToyotomi Hideyoshi,in order to take advantage of Ōgimachi's authority, the power of the Imperial Family was increased. In this way, Hideyoshi and the Imperial Family entered into a mutually beneficial relationship.
In January of the yearTenshō14 (1586), the regent had theGolden Tea Roombrought toKyoto Imperial Palaceto host the emperor there.[6]
In 1586, Emperor Ōgimachi abdicated in favor of his grandson, Imperial Prince Katahito ( chu nhân thân vương ), who became theEmperor Go-Yōzei.[7]Ōgimachi retired to theSentō Palace.On February 6, 1593, he died.
During Ōgimachi's reign, with the assistance ofOda NobunagaandToyotomi Hideyoshi,the imperial family was able to halt the political, financial, and cultural decline it had been in since theŌnin War,and began a time of recovery.
Ōgimachi is enshrined with other emperors at the imperial tomb calledFukakusa no kita no misasagi( thâm thảo bắc lăng ) inFushimi-ku, Kyoto.[8]
Kugyō
editKugyō( công khanh ) is a collective term for the very few most powerful men attached to the court of theEmperor of Japaninpre-Meijieras. Even during those years in which the court's actual influence outside the palace walls was minimal, the hierarchic organization persisted.
In general, this elite group included only three to four men at a time. These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background would have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career. During Ōgimachi's reign, this apex of theDaijō-kanincluded:
- Kampaku(Regent for an adult Emperor):
- Konoe (Fujiwara) Sakihisa(1554–1568)
- Nijō (Fujiwara) Haruyoshi(1569–1578)
- Kujō (Fujiwara) Kanetaka(1579–1581)
- Ichijō (Fujiwara) Uchimoto(1581–1585)
- Nijō (Fujiwara) Akizane(1585)
- Hashiba (Fujiwara > Toyotomi) Hideyoshi(1585–1592)
- Daijō-daijin(Chancellor):
- Konoe (Fujiwara) Sakihisa(1582)
- Hashiba (Fujiwara > Toyotomi) Hideyoshi(1586–1598)
- Sadaijin(Minister of the Left):
- Konoe (Fujiwara) Sakihisa(1554–1557)
- Saionji (Fujiwara) Kintomo (1557–1576)
- Kujō (Fujiwara) Kanetaka(1576–1577)
- Ichijō (Fujiwara) Uchimoto(1577–1585)
- Nijō (Fujiwara) Akizane(1585)
- Konoe (Fujiwara) Nobusuke(1585–1592)
- Udaijin(Minister of the Right):
- Kazannoin (Fujiwara) Iesuke (1557–1574)
- Kujō (Fujiwara) Kanetaka(1574–1576)
- Ichijō (Fujiwara) Uchimoto(1576–1577)
- Oda (Taira) Nobunaga(1577–1578)
- Nijō (Fujiwara) Akizane(1579–1585)
- Imadegawa (Fujiwara) Harusue (1585–1595)
- Naidaijin(Minister of the center):
- Nakanoin (Minamoto) Michitame (one day in 1565)
- Kajūji (Fujiwara) Tadatoyo (1572)
- Madenokōji (Fujiwara) Korefusa (one day in 1573)
- Ichijō (Fujiwara) Uchimoto(1575–1576)
- Oda (Taira) Nobunaga(1576–1577)
- Nijō (Fujiwara) Akizane(1577–1579)
- Sanjōnishi (Fujiwara) Saneki (1579)
- Imadegawa (Fujiwara) Harusue (1579–1580)
- Tokudaiji (Fujiwara) Kinfusa (1580)
- Imadegawa (Fujiwara) Harusue (second time, 1580)
- Konoe (Fujiwara) Nobusuke(1580–1585)
- Hashiba (Fujiwara > Toyotomi) Hideyoshi(1585–1587)
Eras of Ōgimachi's reign
editThe years of Ōgimachi's reign are more specifically identified by more than oneera nameornengō.[1]
Ancestry
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See also
editNotes
edit
- ^abcTitsingh, I. (1834).Annales des empereurs du Japon,p. 383.
- ^Ponsonby-Fane,Imperial House,p. 424; this Imperial Prince was enshrined inTsukinowa no misasagiatSennyū-ji.
- ^Titsingh, p. 383; Varley, H. Paul (1980).Jinnō Shōtōki,p. 44; n.b., a distinct act ofsensois unrecognized prior toEmperor Tenji;and all sovereigns exceptJitō,Yōzei,Go-Toba,andFushimihavesensoandsokuiin the same year until the reign ofEmperor Go-Murakami.
- ^Titsingh, p. 385.
- ^abTitsingh, p. 386.
- ^Murase, Miyeko.Turning Point: Oribe and the Arts of Sixteenth-century Japan.p. 7.
- ^Following Ōgimachi, no other emperor remained on the throne past the age of 40 until 1817, whenEmperor Kōkakuabdicated at age 47.
- ^Ponsonby-Fane, Richard (1959).The Imperial House of Japan,p. 423.
- ^"Genealogy".Reichsarchiv(in Japanese). 30 April 2010.Retrieved25 January2018.
References
edit- Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon.(1959).The Imperial House of Japan.Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society.OCLC 194887
- Titsingh, Isaac,ed. (1834). [Siyun-sai Rin-siyo/Hayashi Gahō,1652],Nipon o daï itsi ran;ou,Annales des empereurs du Japon.Paris:Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland.
- Varley, H. Paul,ed. (1980). [Kitabatake Chikafusa,1359],Jinnō Shōtōki(A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns: Jinnō Shōtōki.New York:Columbia University Press.ISBN0-231-04940-4)