Ensanchemeans "widening" in Spanish. It is used to name the development areas ofSpanishcities around the end of the 19th century, when thedemographic explosionand theIndustrial Revolutionprompted the tearing down of the old city wall and the construction of neighborhoods undergrid plans.It is also found across much ofHispanic Americafor expansion of the cities beyond the traditional city walls.
Background
editThe program of city extensions in Spain began simultaneously in 1860 with the plans forBarcelonabyIldefons Cerdàand Madrid byCarlos María de Castro,[1]influenced byHaussmann's transformation of Paris from 1852 (and, in turn, have been said to have influenced Haussmann's later projects). Thoseensanchesextended cities beyond their traditional limits by demolishing city walls, transforming riverbanks and subdividing theextramuros– rural land outside the city walls.Ensancheswere generally based on principles articulated by Cerdà.[2]These included reserving significant open space by requiring mid-block open space and whole block parks. The height of buildings was set by reference to the width of the adjacent street. Many of these requirements were modified, and the building volumes increased, by later amendments beginning in 1864 (Madrid).[3]
It is specifically used for:
- TheEixample(Catalan forensanche) of Barcelona, planned by Cerdà
- TheEixampleof the city ofValencia.
- TheEixampleinPalma, Mallorca.
- TheEnsanche EsteofMadridunder the Plan Castro by Carlos María de Castro enacted by Royal Decree in 1860.
- The Ensanche de Bilbao after the annexation of the former village ofAbando.
Usage in Hispanic America
editThe term is widely use for the planned expansion of some cities acrossHispanic America.Among them is the city ofSanto Domingo,Dominican Republicwhich used the term extensively as a prefix for expansion neighborhoods beyond its traditional old city.
- Ensanche La Fe
- Ensanche Piantini
- Ensnache Luperon
- Ensanche Capotillo
- Ensanche Naco
- Ensanche Espaillat
- Ensanche Quisqueya
- Ensanche Simon Bolivar
- Ensanche Paraiso
References
edit- ^Costa, Frankj.; Noble, Alleng.; Pendeleton, Glenna (1991)."Evolving planning systems in Madrid, Rome, and Athens".GeoJournal.24(3): 294.doi:10.1007/BF00189030.S2CID154817646.
- ^Cerdá, Ildefonso (1867).Teoría general de la urbanización y aplicación de sus principios y doctrina a la reforma y ensanche de Barcelona(in Spanish). Madrid.
{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^"GREEN PLANNING EVOLUTION AND CURRENT FRAMEWORKIN MADRID ON THE 20TH CENTURY".Archived fromthe originalon 22 February 2014.Retrieved18 February2014.
You can helpexpand this article with text translated fromthe corresponding articlein Basque.(April 2009)Click [show] for important translation instructions.
|