Ephippidaeis afamilyofpercomorphfishes, the spadefishes, in theorderMoroniformes.These fishes are found in the tropical and temperate oceans of the world, except for the central Pacific.
| Ephippidae Temporal range:
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|---|---|
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| Platax teira | |
Scientific classification
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Acanthuriformes |
| Family: | Ephippidae Bleeker,1859[1] |
| Genera | |
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see text | |
Taxonomy
editEphippidae was first proposed as afamilyin 1859 by the DutchherpetologistandichthyologistPieter Bleeker.[1]The 5th edition of theFishes of the Worldclassifies this family in the order Moroniformes with theMoronidaeandDrepaneidae.[2]Other authorities place this family alongside the Drepaneidae in the order Ephippiformes with the Moronidae classified asincertae sedisin the seriesEupercaria.[3]Other authorities classify all three families in the MoroniformessensuFishes of the Worldin theAcanthuriformes.[4]
Genera
editEphippidae contains the following genera, 8 extant and 3 extinct (†means extinct):[5][6][7]
- †ArchaephippusBlot,1969
- ChaetodipterusLacépède,1802
- †EoplataxBlot, 1969
- EphippusCuvier,1816
- †LaparonCasier,1966
- ParapsettusSteindachner,1875
- PlataxCuvier, 1816
- ProteracanthusGünther,1859
- RhinoprenesMunro,1964
- TripterodonPlayfair,1867
- ZabidiusWhitley,1930
TheextinctgenusExelliais classified within the Ephippidae by some authorities, other authorities place it in the family Exellidae.[8]
Characteristics
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Ephippidae spadefishes have deep, oval-shaped deep, laterally compressed bodies with a short head and small terminal mouth. There are bands of brush like teeth on the jaws but there are no teeth on the roof of the mouth. Thepreoperculumhas a finely serrated margin. There is a singledorsal finwhich has 9 spines and between 21 and 28 soft rays, with the spiny portion of the fin being low. The front part of the soft part of the dorsal fin and the anal fin are elongated. Theanal finhas 3 spines and between 16 and 24 soft rays. Thepectoral finsare short and thepelvic finsare long and are beneath the pectoral fins. Thecaudal finis slightly concave, They have completelateral lineand the head, body and most of the fins are scaled. Young are frequently marked with black bars.[9]The largest species is theAtlantic spadefish(Chaetodipterus faber) which has a maximum publishedtotal lengthof 91 cm (36 in) while the smallest is the threadfin scat (Rhinoprenes pentanemus) which has a maximum publishedtotal lengthof 15 cm (5.9 in).[5]
Distribution
editEphippidae fishes are found throughout the warmer waters of the world but are absent from the central Pacific.[9]Ephippidae spadefishes (Chaetodipterus faber)are the only ephippid found in the westernAtlantic Ocean.[10]While Ephippidae spadefishes are common in the western Atlantic from New England to southern Brazil, adult spadefishes are difficult to harvest commercially due to their size and preferred habitats of submerged spaces, despite consumer appeal for its nutrients and quality of flesh.[11]
Biology
editEphippidae spadefishes eat algae, benthic and planktonic invertebrates such assponges,zoantharians,polychaete worms,gorgoniansandtunicates.[9]The batfishPlatax pinnatusmay play the role of a critical functional group in theGreat Barrier Reefby eatingseaweedthat other herbivorous fishes such asparrotfishandsurgeonfishwill not touch.[12]Overgrowth of seaweed among corals occurs as a result of overfishing of large fish species and inhibits the ability of coral to support life.[13]
References
edit- ^abRichard van der Laan; William N. Eschmeyer & Ronald Fricke (2014)."Family-group names of Recent fishes".Zootaxa.3882(2): 001–230.doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1.PMID25543675.
- ^J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016).Fishes of the World(5th ed.). Wiley. pp. 495–497.ISBN978-1-118-34233-6.Archived fromthe originalon 2019-04-08.Retrieved2023-03-31.
- ^Ricardo Betancur-R; Edward O. Wiley; Gloria Arratia; et al. (2017)."Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes".BMC Evolutionary Biology.17(162): 162.doi:10.1186/s12862-017-0958-3.PMC5501477.PMID28683774.
- ^Ron Fricke; William Eschmeyer; and Jon David Fong (2020)."GENERA/SPECIES BY FAMILY/SUBFAMILY IN Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes".Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes.
- ^abFroese, Rainer;Pauly, Daniel (eds.)."Family Ephippidae".FishBase.February 2023 version.
- ^Eschmeyer, William N.;Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.)."Genera in the family Ephippidae".Catalog of Fishes.California Academy of Sciences.Retrieved31 March2023.
- ^"Family Ephippidae (ray-finned fish)".Paleobiology Database.Retrieved6 April2023.
- ^Bannikov, Alexandre F.; Tyler, James C. (1995)."Phylogenetic Revision of the Fish Families Luvaridae and Kushlukiidae (Acanthuroidei), with a New Genus and Two New Species of Eocene Luvarids".Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology(81): 1–45.doi:10.5479/si.00810266.81.1.
- ^abc"Family: EPHIPPIDAE, Spadefishes".Shorefishes of the Greater Caribbean online information system.Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute.Retrieved31 March2023.
- ^Trushenski, Jesse; Rombenso, Artur; Schwarz, Michael H.; Bowzer, John; Gause, Brian; Delbos, Brendan; Sampaio, Luis A. (January 2012)."Feeding Rate and Frequency Affect Growth of Juvenile Atlantic Spadefish".North American Journal of Aquaculture.74(1): 107–112.doi:10.1080/15222055.2012.655853.ISSN1522-2055.
- ^Trushenski, Jesse T.; Schwarz, Michael H.; Bowzer, John C.; Gause, Brian R.; Fenn, Teresa; Delbos, Brendan C. (July 2012)."Temperature Affects Growth and Tissue Fatty Acid Composition of Juvenile Atlantic Spadefish".North American Journal of Aquaculture.74(3) (published 2012-06-26): 338–346.doi:10.1080/15222055.2012.676011.ISSN1522-2055.
- ^Bellwood, David R.; Hughes, Terry P.; Hoey, Andrew S. (1 December 2006)."Sleeping Functional Group Drives Coral-Reef Recovery".Current Biology.16(24): 2434–2439.doi:10.1016/j.cub.2006.10.030.PMID17174918.
- ^Batfish may come to the Great Barrier Reef's rescue
External links
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- "Ephippidae".Integrated Taxonomic Information System.Retrieved2 July2008.