Wikipedia

Fellatio

For other uses, seeFellatio (disambiguation)."Blow job" redirects here. For other uses, seeBlow job (disambiguation).

Fellatio(also known asfellation,[1]and in slang asblowjob,BJ,giving head,orsucking off)[2]is anoral sexact consisting of the stimulation of apenisby using the mouth.[3][4]Oral stimulation of thescrotummay also be termedfellatio,[5][6]or colloquially asteabagging.[7]

An illustration of a woman performing fellatio on a man

It may be performed by asexual partnerasforeplaybefore othersexual activities,such asvaginaloranalintercourse,[8][9]or as aneroticandphysically intimate actof its own.[8][4]Fellatio creates a risk of contractingsexually transmitted infections(STIs), but the risk is significantly lower than that of vaginal or anal sex, especially forHIVtransmission.[10][11][12]

Most countries do not have laws banning the practice of fellatio, though some cultures may consider ittaboo.[8]People may also refrain from engaging in fellatio due to personal preference, negative feelings, orsexual inhibitions.[8]Commonly, people do not view oral sex as affecting thevirginityof either partner, though opinions on the matter vary.[13][14][15][16]

Etymology

The English nounfellatiocomes from theLatinfellātus,the pastparticipleof the verbfellāre,meaning "to suck".[17]Infellatio,the-usis replaced by the-iowhile the declension stem ends in-ion-,which gives the suffix the form-ion(cf. Frenchfellation). The-io(n) ending is used in English to create nouns from Latinadjectivesand it can indicate a state or action wherein the Latin verb is being, or has been, performed.

Further English words have been created based on the same Latin root. A person who performs fellatio upon another (i.e. whofellates) may be termed afellator.Latin'sgender based declensionmeans this word may be restricted to describing a male. The equivalent term for a female isfellatrix.

Practice

General

Illustration byÉdouard-Henri Avril(1849–1928) depicting fellatio

The essential aspect of fellatio is oral stimulation of the penis (including theshaftandglans) through sucking with the mouth, use of the tongue for licking, using the lips, or some combination.[8]One method is the sex partner taking the penis into the mouth and moving smoothly up and down to a rhythm while being careful to avoid contact with the teeth.[8]Fellatio also includes oral stimulation of the scrotum, whether licking, sucking or taking the entire scrotum into the mouth.[5][6]During the act,orgasmmay be achieved andsemenmay beejaculatedinto the partner's mouth.[8][4]When the penis is thrust into someone's mouth, it is calledirrumatio,though the term is rarely used.[18]

Performing fellatio can trigger thegag reflex.[19]

It is physically possible for men with sufficient flexibility, penis size, or both, to perform fellatio on themselves as a form ofmasturbation,in an act calledautofellatio.However, few men possess the flexibility and penis length to safely perform the necessaryfrontbend.[20]

Deposition of semen

Further information:Semen § Ingestion

During fellatio, a partner may ingest semen from the penis. As late as 1976, some doctors were advising women in the eighth and ninth months of pregnancy not to swallow semen lest it induce premature labor, but it was later determined to be safe.[21]

The receiver of fellatio typically becomessexually aroused.Once the prerequisite level of sexual stimulation has been achieved and ejaculation becomes imminent, the semen may be discharged onto his partner. The male may position his penis prior to ejaculation so that semen will be deposited onto his partner's face (known as a "facial"), or other body part such as theirneck, chestor breast.[22]

Deep-throating

An illustration of a woman deep-throating a man

Deep-throating is a sexual act in which a person takes a partner's entire erect penis into the mouth and throat. The technique and term became popularized by the 1972pornographicfilmDeep Throat.Generally, the person receiving fellatio is in control.[23][24]For deep-throating, the penis must be long enough so that it can reach the back of the receiver's throat.[23]

Deep-throating can be difficult because of the naturalgag reflexthat is triggered when thesoft palateis touched.[25][26]People have different sensitivities to this reflex. With practice, some learn to suppress it. Deep-throating leads to a different kind of sexual stimulation of the penis than regular fellatio: the tongue's movement is restricted during deep-throating and sucking becomes impossible;[27]the tightness of thepharynxcan intensely stimulate the glans of the penis.

Other aspects

An illustration of two men performing fellatio on each other in the69 position

The male receiving fellatio receives direct sexual stimulation, while his partner may derive satisfaction from giving him pleasure. Giving and receiving fellatio may happen simultaneously in sex positions like 69 anddaisy chain.

Fellatio is sometimes practiced when vaginal or anal penetration would create a physical difficulty for a sex partner. For example, it may be practiced during pregnancy instead of vaginal intercourse by couples wishing to engage in intimate sexual activity while avoiding the difficulty of vaginal intercourse during later stages of pregnancy.[28]

Other reasons why a woman may not wish to have vaginal intercourse include apprehension of losing her virginity or of becoming pregnant,[13][15]or because she may bemenstruating.

Health aspects

Sexually transmitted infections

Chlamydia,human papillomavirus(HPV),gonorrhea,herpes,hepatitis(multiple strains), and othersexually transmitted infections(STIs) can be transmitted through oral sex.[10][11][29]Any sexual exchange of bodily fluids with a person infected withHIV,the virus that causesAIDS,poses a risk of infection. Risk of STI infection, however, is generally considered significantly lower for oral sex than for vaginal or anal sex, with HIV transmission considered the lowest risk with regard to oral sex.[11][12][30][31]

There is an increased risk of STI transmission if the receiving partner has wounds on their genitals, or if the giving partner has wounds or open sores on or in their mouth, or bleeding gums.[11][12][32]Brushing the teeth, flossing, or undergoing dental work soon before or after giving fellatio can also increase the risk of transmission, because all of these activities can cause small scratches in the lining of the mouth.[11][12]These wounds, even when they aremicroscopic,increase the chances of contracting STIs that can be transmitted orally under these conditions.[11][12]Such contact can also lead to more mundane infections from commonbacteriaandvirusesfound in, around and secreted from the genital regions. Because of the aforementioned factors, medical sources advise the use ofcondomsorother effective barrier methodswhen performing or receiving fellatio with a partner whose STI status is unknown.[10][11][12][29]

Links have been reported between oral sex andoral cancerwith HPV-infected people.[33]

A 2007 study suggested acorrelationbetween oral sex andthroat cancer.It is believed that this is due to the transmission of HPV, a virus that has been implicated in the majority of cervical cancers and which has been detected in throat cancer tissue in numerous studies. The study concludes that people who had one to five oral sex partners in their lifetime had approximately a doubled risk of throat cancer compared with those who never engaged in this activity and those with more than five oral sex partners had a 250 percent increased risk.[34][35][36]

Pregnancy and semen exposure

See also:Paternal tolerance

Fellatio cannot result inpregnancy,as there is no way for ingestedspermto reach theuterusandfallopian tubesto fertilize anegg cell.At any rate, acids in the stomach anddigestive enzymesin thegastrointestinal tractbreak down and kill spermatozoa.

Clinical research has tentatively linked fellatio with immune modulation,[37]indicating it may reduce the chance of complications during pregnancy. The potentially fatal complicationpre-eclampsiawas observed to occur less in women who regularly engaged in fellatio, with those who also ingested their partner's semen being at the least risk.[38]The results were consistent with the fact that semen containsTGF-β1,the exchange of which between partners has a causal reduction in risk of pre-eclampsia caused by animmunologicalreaction. However, fellatio is not the only viable mechanism for the transmission of TGF-β1.[37][39][40]

Cultural views

Virginity

Oral sex is commonly used as a means of preservingvirginity,especially among heterosexual pairings; this is sometimes termedtechnical virginity(which additionally includes anal sex,manual sexand othernon-penetrative sexacts, but excludes penile-vaginal sex).[13][14][15][41]The concept of "technical virginity" orsexual abstinencethrough oral sex is particularly popular among teenagers in the United States,[15][32][42]including with regard to teenage girls who not only fellate their boyfriends to preserve their virginities, but also to create and maintain intimacy or to avoid pregnancy.[15]Other reasons given for the practice among teenage girls are peer-group pressure and as their introduction to sexual activity.[15]Additionally, gay males may regard fellatio as a way of maintaining their virginities, with penile-anal penetration defined as resulting in virginity loss, while other gay males may define fellatio as their main form of sexual activity.[13][16]

Legality

See also:Islamic views on oral sex

Fellatio is legal in most countries. Laws of some jurisdictions regard fellatio aspenetrative sexfor the purposes ofsexual offenseswith regard to the act, but most countries do not have laws which ban the practice, in contrast to anal sex orextramarital sex.InIslamicliterature, the only forms of sexual activity that are consistently explicitly prohibited within marriage are anal sex and sexual activity during menstruation.[43]However, the exact attitude towards oral sex is a subject of disagreements between modern scholars of Islam. Authorities considering it "objectionable" do so because of the penis' supposedly impure fluids coming in contact with the mouth.[44]Others emphasize that there is no decisive evidence to forbid oral sex.[45]

InMalaysia,fellatio is illegal, but the law is seldom enforced. Under Malaysia's Section 377A of the Penal Code, the introduction of the penis into the anus or mouth of another person is considered a "carnal intercourse against the order of nature" and is punishable with imprisonment of 20 years maximum and whipping.[46]

Tradition

Depiction of fellatio on Attic red-figure kylix, c. 510 BC

Galienus called fellatiolesbiarisince women of the island ofLesboswere supposed to have introduced the practice of using one's lips to give sexual pleasure.[47]

Oral sex depicted in theKama Sutra

TheAncient IndianKama Sutra,dating from the first century AD, describes oral sex,[48]discussing fellatio in great detail (theKama Sutrahas a chapter onauparishtaka(oroparishtaka), "mouth congress" )[49]and only briefly mentioningcunnilingus.However, according to theKama Sutra,fellatio is above all a characteristic ofeunuchs(or, according to other translations, ofeffeminatehomosexualsortrans womensimilar to the modernHijraof India), who use their mouths as a substitute for femalegenitalia.[50]

Vātsyāyana,the author of theKama Sutra,states that it is also practiced by "unchaste women", but mentions that there are widespread traditional concerns about this being a degrading or unclean practice, with known practitioners being evaded as love partners in large parts of the country. The author appears to somewhat agree with these attitudes, claiming that "a wise man" should not engage in that form of intercourse while acknowledging that it can be appropriate in some unspecified cases.[51][52]

TheMoche cultureof ancientPerudepicted fellatio in their ceramics.[53]

In some cultures, such asCambodia,ChineseinSoutheast Asia,northernManchutribesalongAmur River,[54]SambiansinPapua New Guinea,Thailand,TelugusofIndia,Hawaiiand otherPacific Islanders,briefly taking the penis of a male infant or toddler into one's mouth was considered a nonsexual form of affection or even a form ofritual,greeting,respect,parenting love, orlifesaving.[55][56][57][58]According to some sources, it was an ancientChinese customfor grandmothers, mothers, and elder sisters to calm their baby boys with fellatio.[59][60]It has also been reported that some modern Chinese mothers have performed fellatio to their moribund sons as affection and means for lifesaving, because they culturally believe that when the penis is completely retracted into the abdomen, the boy or man will die.[58][61][62]

Other animals

Main articles:Animal sexual behaviorandNon-reproductive sexual behavior in animals § Oral sex
Female bats perform fellatio to increase copulation time. This species is the only non-primate known to exhibit this behaviour.[63]

Flying foxes(a type of bat) have been observed engaging in oral sex.[64]Indian flying foxmales will lick a female's vulva both before and aftercopulation,with the length of pre-copulationcunnilinguspositively correlated with length of copulation.[65]Thefruit batCynopterus sphinx,has been observed to engage in fellatio during mating. Pairs spend more time copulating if the female licks the male than if she does not.[63][66]MaleLivingstone's fruit batshave been observed engaging inhomosexualfellatio, although it is unknown if this is an example of sexual behavior orsocial grooming.[67]Bonin flying foxesalso engage in homosexual fellatio, but the behavior has been observed independently of social grooming.[64]

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related toFellatio.

References

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