Wikipedia

Freedom! '90

For the unrelated earlier song by Wham!, seeFreedom (Wham! song).

"Freedom! '90"(also known simply as"Freedom!") is a song written, produced, and performed by English singer-songwriterGeorge Michael,and released byColumbia Recordsin October 1990. The"'90 "added to the end of the title is to prevent confusion with a hit by Michael's former bandWham!,also entitled "Freedom".The song's backing beat is a sample fromJames Brown's song "Funky Drummer".[4]

"Freedom! '90"
SinglebyGeorge Michael
from the albumListen Without Prejudice Vol. 1
B-side
  • "Fantasy"
  • "Freedom" (Back to Reality mix)
ReleasedOctober 1990(1990-10)
RecordedJune 1989[1]
Genre
Length
  • 6:30(album/video/single edit)
  • 4:31 (UK radio edit)
  • 5:21 (radio edit)
LabelColumbia
Songwriter(s)George Michael
Producer(s)George Michael
George Michaelsingles chronology
"Waiting for That Day"
(1990) 		"Freedom! '90"
(1990) 		"Heal the Pain"
(1991)
Music video
"Freedom! '90"onYouTube

It was the third single taken fromListen Without Prejudice Vol. 1(1990), though released as the second single from the album in the US and Australia. "Freedom! '90" was one of a few uptempo songs on this album. The song refers to Michael's past success with Wham!, yet also shows a new side of himself as a new man, who is more cynical about the music business than ever before.

Michael refused to appear in the music video for the song, directed byDavid Fincher,and cast a group of supermodels to appear instead. It went into heavy rotation on MTV and was remastered for the 2017 documentary,George Michael: Freedom.[5]On 30 October 2020, it premiered on YouTube in 4K for its 30th anniversary.[6]Michael performed this song, alongside his 2012 single "White Light",during theclosing ceremonyof the2012 London Olympics.Rolling Stoneplaced "Freedom! '90" at number 126 in their list of "500 Best Songs of All Time" in 2021.[7]Billboardranked it number 39 in their "500 Best Pop Songs of All Time" in 2023.[8]

Personnel

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  • George Michael– lead and backing vocals, bass, percussion
  • Phil Palmer– acoustic and electric guitars
  • Chris Cameron – piano, keyboards
  • Danny Cummings – percussion
  • Shirley Lewis – backing vocals

Chart performance

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"Freedom! '90" is 6:30 long, but a shorter version was made available for radio consumption. It was the second US single from the albumListen Without Prejudice Vol. 1,and had contrasting fortunes each side of the Atlantic—it peaked at number 28 on theUK Singles Chart,but was a major success on both the USBillboardHot 100and USCash BoxTop 100,reaching number 8 and 7 respectively,[9][10]selling over 500,000 copies to earn a Gold certification from theRIAA.In Canada, Michael achieved another chart-topper. As of October 2017, the single sold 83,000 copies in UK.[11]

Music video

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David Fincherdirected the music video for "Freedom! '90".

By 1990, Michael had become weary of the pressures of fame, telling theLos Angeles Times,"At some point in your career, the situation between yourself and the camera reverses. For a certain number of years, you court it and you need it, but ultimately, it needs you more and it's a bit like a relationship. The minute that happens, it turns you off... and it does feel like it is taking something from you." Accordingly, he decided not to appear in photo shoots and music videos,[12][13]saying, "I would like to never step in front of a camera again."[13]

Although he later relented and decided to film a video for his new song, he still refused to appear in it. Instead, inspired byPeter Lindbergh's now-iconic portrait ofNaomi Campbell,Linda Evangelista,Tatjana Patitz,Christy Turlington,andCindy Crawfordfor the January 1990 cover of the British edition ofVogue,Michael asked the five models to appear in the video. While models appearing in music videos was then commonplace, they usually played the singer's love interest, as withChristie Brinkley's appearanceBilly Joel's "Uptown Girl"video, or Turlington's appearance inDuran Duran's "Notorious"video. For" Freedom! '90 ", the five models, rather than portraying his on-screen girlfriends, wouldlip syncthe song in Michael's place.[12]The video also included male models John Pearson,[14]Peter Formby,Rafael Edholm,[15]and fashion photographerMario Sorrenti.[16]

Evangelista took some persuading before agreeing to appear in the video, saying, "He thought it would make us into a big deal, that it would be good for us. I was like, 'Please, we're here. We've already arrived!'" After speaking with Michael, she was convinced, and rearranged her schedule. In a 2015Vanity Fairarticle, Evangelista reflected on her decision positively, saying, "Little did I know that to this day, when someone meets me for the first time, they bring up that video. That's what they remember. So yeah, George was right." An initial disagreement over their salaries was resolved when Annie Veltri, who represented Crawford, Evangelista, Campbell, and Patitz atElite Model Management,clarified that all of her clients would be compensated equally, at $15,000 a day.[12]

The video was directed byDavid Fincher,who had also directed videos byMadonna,Billy Idol,Aerosmith,andPaula Abdul(who choreographed George Michael's Faith Tour). His team for the multi-day "Freedom! '90" shoot includedCamilla Nickerson,who later became aVoguecontributing editor, as the clothes stylist, hair stylistGuidoand makeup artist Carol Brown. CinematographerMike Southonshot the video in a vast building in theLondon Borough of Mertonthat Nickerson says exhibited "a grandeur and aBlade Runnerfeel ". Despite not appearing in the video, Michael was on set.[12]

The 92-sketch storyboard called for each model to film on separate days, except for Evangelista and Turlington, who appear in a scene together. Each model was assigned a verse to lip-synch, while for the song's chorus, Fincher envisioned the three iconic items from Michael's 1987 music video "Faith"that had come to symbolize his public image at the time: his leather jacket, aWurlitzerjukebox, and guitar, exploding in a ball of flame, except the leather jacket, at each occurrence of the word "freedom" during the chorus. Before the chorus, the leather jacket was simply ignited and burned. Whereas "Faith" had opened with a jukeboxphonographneedle touching a vinyl record, "Freedom! '90" opens with acompact discplayer's laser beam reading a CD,[12]after Evangelista turns on the CD player. In a 2004 interview withAdam MatteraforAttitudemagazine, Michael reflected on the significance of the video's symbolism: "By the end of theFaithtour I was so miserable because I absolutely knew that I was gay... I didn't suddenly want to come out. I wanted to do it with some kind of dignity. So I thought 'okay, you have to start deconstructing this whole image.' "[17]

Nickerson envisioned a "low-key street style" for the wardrobe, which she characterizes as "a sort of undone beauty", contrasting the prevailing "vampy, larger-than-life" direction in which the fashion industry, typified by models doing film work, was moving at the time. The black sweater worn by Evangelista was from Nickerson's own closet, and the studded biker boots worn by Campbell belonged to Nickerson's boyfriend. Most of the wardrobe budget, however, went to the 60-foot-long linen sheet used by Turlington, the nature of which was specified by Fincher. Guido looked to each model's personality to devise hairdos that would accentuate their "true beauty". Evangelista was up until 3:00am the night before the shoot dyeing her hair platinum blonde, which reflected the cool-blue lights of the set, while Campbell's hair was curled and pulled up with a headband for a 1960s "tough chic" in order to highlight her movement for a shot in which she dances solo. Patitz's hair was framed with soft curls and Turlington's was gelled back to exploit her statuesque form as her character crosses the screen trailing the linen sheet. Brown also tried to highlight each model's personality with makeup, saying, "Cindy was the sexy one; Christy was the cool, classic one; and Linda was the chameleon. She could do anything." Following Fincher's instruction that Crawford's makeup look "completely trashed, as if she'd been in a steamy atmosphere," Brown did Crawford's makeup, and then oiled it down by covering her with glycerin. Crawford spent most of her time topless and sitting in an empty bathtub, resting on an apple box so that enough of her would be visible.[12]

The video premiered a few weeks after the shoot, and was heavily aired on MTV. Reflecting on the video in 2015, Crawford stated that, at the time, they thought they were simply making "a really cool video," but that in retrospect, the video exhibits a dark humour: As MTV had altered the music industry so that physical beauty was now necessary to sell music, the video used five beautiful faces instead of the song's vocalist to mock this.[12]

Analysis

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Alan Jones fromMusic Weekwrote, "Despite its title, the song is not a direct descendant ofWham!'s 1984 chart-topper 'Freedom', owing more toSoul II Soul's 'Back to Life'. "[18]

Ethan Hein, adjunct professor of music atNew York Universitysaid that "Freedom! '90" has "an exceedingly peculiar structure for a mainstream pop song"[19]in which a basic four-bar instrumental intro is followed by the chorus harmony and an instrumental break, with the first chorus finally appearing almost two minutes in: "an eternity—most pop songs are practically over at that point". Other features include a five-layer drum pattern with aFunky Drummerbreak, and a CMixolydianharmony intro and chorus with Afro-Cubansyncopationandhemiola.

Critical reception

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Stephen Thomas ErlewinefromAllMusicnamed the song a "highlight" fromListen Without Prejudice Vol. 1.[20]Larry FlickfromBillboardwrote, "Platinum pop star waxes both cynical and philosophical on this well-worded stab at his early days of fame. Slowly ingratiating, midtempoR&B/hip-hopbase could also reaffirm his presence at club level. "[21]In a 2008 review, The Daily Vault's Melanie Love stated, "Its catchychorusand uptempo, jangling instrumentation, coupled with his signature soaring vocals make this confessional a striking example of Michael's newfound independence and proves that his struggle for seriousness could retain the hooks and brilliant tones that make his music so endearing. "[22]Adam SweetingfromThe Guardiannamed it one of the "best tracks" of the album, adding, "'Freedom! '90' is a boppy slice of pop which nods in the direction ofhouseand ofHappy Mondays' much more scintillating "Step On".Its bright, clanging piano provides the aural focus."[23]Chris Roberts fromMelody Makerdeclared it as "a bleeding-heart apology for his reckless sexy past."[24]

Music & Mediamagazine remarked that a "stirringBo Diddleybeat, agospelapproach and a great piano riff are the main features of this addictive hit candidate. "[25]Victoria Segal fromNMEnoted the "hate-fuelled 'Sympathy for the Devil' roll "of the song.[26]A reviewer fromPeoplecommented, "On" Freedom 90 "—at least this one's set to a radio-ready groove—he rails against the image he has spent the last four years cultivating:"I was every little hungry schoolgirl's pride and joy/And I guess it was enough for me/To win the race? A prettier face!/Brand new clothes and a big fat place/On your rock and roll TV/But today the way I play the game is not the same/No way"."[27]

Impact and legacy

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Slant Magazinelisted "Freedom! '90" at number 30 in their ranking of "The 100 Best Singles of the 1990s" in 2011.[28]PolishPorcysincluded it in their "100 Singli 1990–1999" in 2012.[29]Time Outranked it number two in their list of "The 50 Best Gay Songs to Celebrate Pride All Year Long" in 2022.[30]Same year, it was named the 16th-best song of the 1990s byPitchfork.[31]In 2023,Billboardranked "Freedom! '90" number 39 in their list of "500 Best Pop Songs of All Time",[8]whileRolling Stoneranked it number nine in their "The 50 Most Inspirational LGBTQ Songs of All Time".[32]In 2024,Esquireranked it number 20 in their list of "The 50 Best Songs of the ’90s".[33]

Formats and track listings

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  • 7-inch and cassette single (UK)
  1. "Freedom! '90" – 6:29
  2. "Freedom" (Back to Realitymix) – 5:01
  • CD single (US)
  1. "Freedom! '90" – 6:29
  2. "Fantasy"– 5:01

Charts

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Certifications

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Region Certification Certified units/sales
Australia (ARIA)[62] Platinum 70,000‡
Denmark (IFPI Danmark)[63] Gold 45,000‡
United Kingdom (BPI)[65] Platinum 715,909[64]
United States (RIAA)[66] Gold 500,000^

^Shipments figures based on certification alone.
‡Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.

Credits

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Robbie Williams version

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"Freedom"
SinglebyRobbie Williams
Released29 July 1996(1996-07-29)[68]
Length
  • 5:24(album version)
  • 4:23 (single version)
LabelChrysalis
Songwriter(s)George Michael
Producer(s)Stephen Hague
Robbie Williamssingles chronology
"Freedom"
(1996) 		"Old Before I Die"
(1997)
Music video
"Freedom"onYouTube

English singer-songwriterRobbie Williamscovered "Freedom" and released it as his debut solo single in July 1996 byChrysalis,a year after his departure fromTake That.In 2010, it appeared on Williams' greatest hits albumIn and Out of Consciousness: Greatest Hits 1990–2010.

Critical reception

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Caroline Sullivan fromThe Guardianrated Williams' version of the song three out of five.[69]A reviewer fromMusic Weekgave it four out of five, adding, "A pretty good return from Williams. His fans should forgive the, at times, dodgy vocals and send him towards the top of the chart with thisGeorge Michaelcover. "[70]

Music video

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The accompanying music video shows Williams dancing in the sea and in a field, celebrating his separation from his former group. In a 2010 interview withMagic 105.4,Williams told Neil Fox that the song had not even been recorded by the scheduled date of filming, which required him to mime to Michael's version of the song.[71]

Track listings

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Charts

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Certifications

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Region Certification Certified units/sales
United Kingdom (BPI)[101] Silver 200,000^

^Shipments figures based on certification alone.

References

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  2. ^abBreihan, Tom (13 October 2021)."The Number Ones: George Michael's" Praying For Time "".Stereogum.Retrieved9 December2023.'Freedom! '90' is a glorious pop anthem, equal parts house and gospel and Madchester shuffle...
  3. ^Breihan, Tom (27 October 2021)."The Number Ones: Stevie B's" Because I Love You (The Postman Song) "".Stereogum.Retrieved15 December2023.George Michael's euphoric 'Freedom! '90', a gospel-infused and breakbeat-driven dissection of the man's own career...
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