Wikipedia

Garry Nolan

Garry P. Nolan(bornc. 1961) is an Americanimmunologist,academic,inventor,andbusiness executive.He holds the Rachford and Carlota A. Harris Professor Endowed Chair in the Department of Pathology atStanford University School of Medicine.[1][2]Nolan founded biotechnology companies, and wrote numerous medical research papers. Since 2022, most of his public appearances have been related to his research inufologyand his belief thatextraterrestrial intelligencehas visited or resides on Earth.

Education

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Nolan graduated in 1983 fromCornell Universitywith aBSdegree in biology with a specialization in genetics. In 1989, he received hisPhDin genetics fromStanford UniversityunderLeonard Herzenbergbefore doing post-doctoral work with Nobel laureateDavid BaltimoreatMIT,[2]where he co-developed the 293T-based rapid retroviral production system and the cloning of the NF-κB p65/ RelA DNA regulatory factor.[citation needed]

Research

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His areas of research include autoimmunity and inflammation,cancerandleukemia,hematopoiesis,and using computation for network andsystems immunology.[2][3]He is perhaps best known for his early work in theBaltimorelab at theWhitehead Institute,where he worked on developing 293T cell rapidretroviralproduction forgene therapy.[4]Nearly all gene therapy using retroviruses orlentivirusesis done using293-basedcell linesper the rapid retroviral protocol. He also developed cloning of theRELA transcription factor,a key regulator in immune response genes and a principal cellular component thatHIVuses to replicate itself. Other major projects on which he has worked include phospho-flow signaling development (now licensed toBecton-Dickinson), FACS-gal (owned byThermo Fisher),CyTOFmultiparameter analysis,split-poll based Quantum Barcoding Technology (owned by ScaleBio), algorithmic approaches to analyzing complex single-cell datasets,[5]proof that theNFAT transcription factoris both aRELprotein and a key determinant in HIV replication,[6][7]and development ofmultiplexingtechnologies fortissueanalysis, such as MIBI and CODEX, and the algorithmic approaches needed to understand them.[8][9]As of 2022, his lab works on severalFDA-supported projects forEbola,[10]influenza,Zika virus,andCOVID-19,as well as continuing Nolan's immune-tumor interface in many human cancers.

Companies

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In 1996, Nolan founded thebiotechnologycompany Rigel, Inc. with colleagues Donald Payan, James Gower, Thomas Raffin, and Ronald Garren inSouth San Francisco.[11]In 2003, he established the biotech company Nodality, Inc., which develops "personalized tests for cancer and autoimmune diseases."[12][2]Big datacompany BINA Technology was founded in 2010 and bought out byRochein 2014 for $107 million.[13][14][15]In 2011, he founded Apprise, which focused on cell analysis usingsplit-pooltechnology. Nolan later sold Apprise to Roche, with whom he co-founded another startup, Scale Bio, which also focuses on split-pool technology.[16]Along with three postdoctoral researchers, Sean Bendall, Michael Angelo, and Harris Feinberg, Nolan founded Ionpath in 2014. This company is active in spatialproteomics.[17][18]In 2015, with postdocs Yury Goltsev and Nikolay Samusik, he founded Akoya Biosciences, which commercializes Nolan's co-Detection by indexing (CODEX) technology.[19][20]

Ufology and belief in extraterrestrial contact

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See also:Ufology

In 2012, Nolan began analysis on theAtacama skeleton,a corpse fromChilethat ufologists had speculated to be of alien origin, but which he later revealed to be amummifiedhumanstillbirthwith genetic bone defects and gene mutation causing deformity.[21][22][23][24][25]

According to Nolan, he was approached by "some people representing the government and an aerospace corporation to help them understand the medical harm that had come to some individuals, related to supposed interactions with an anomalous craft" because "they were interested in the kinds of blood analysis that my lab can do".[26]

Nolan is the lead author a study aboutmaterials associated with UFOs.[27][1][28]In August 2022, Nolan appeared on Fox News'Tucker Carlson Tonight[29]show and discussed his claims of UAP-related research in an hour long interview. During a May 2023SALT iConnections conferencein Manhattan for an interview with Alex Klokus titled "The Pentagon, Extraterrestrial Intelligence and Crashed UFOs", Nolan claimed that some governments have retrieved artifacts from extraterrestrial craft, said that he gives the probability as "100 percent" that extraterrestrials have not only visited Earth but have been visiting earth for a long time, and speculated that what has visited earth are simply "emissaries" and possibly drones.[30][31]AsNew York TimescolumnistEzra Kleininterviewed journalist and UFO authorLeslie Keanin June 2023, Kean told Klein that Nolan "knowsDavid Gruschvery well and vouches for him ".[32]

Nolan co-foundedThe Sol Foundationwithsociocultural anthropologistPeter Skafish on August 15, 2023.[33]

Awards and honors

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References

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  1. ^abLewis-Kraus, Gideon (30 April 2021)."How the Pentagon Started Taking U.F.O.s Seriously".The New Yorker.Retrieved9 August2022.
  2. ^abcd"Garry Nolan".Stanford University. n.d.Archivedfrom the original on 11 February 2022.Retrieved9 August2022.
  3. ^Campion, Thobey (10 December 2021)."Stanford Professor Garry Nolan Is Analyzing Anomalous Materials From UFO Crashes".Vice.Retrieved9 August2022.
  4. ^Pear, W.S.; Scott, M.L.; Nolan, G.P. (1997). "Generation of High-Titer, Helper-Free Retroviruses by Transient Transfection".Gene Therapy Protocols.Methods in Molecular Medicine. Vol. 7. pp. 41–57.doi:10.1385/0-89603-484-4:41.ISBN0-89603-484-4.PMID24493417.Retrieved9 August2022.
  5. ^Bendall, Sean C.; Simonds, Erin F.; Qiu, Peng; et al. (2011)."Single-Cell Mass Cytometry of Differential Immune and Drug Responses Across a Human Hematopoietic Continuum".Science.332(6030): 687–696.Bibcode:2011Sci...332..687B.doi:10.1126/science.1198704.PMC3273988.PMID21551058.
  6. ^Kinoshita, S.; Su, Lu; Amano, M.; Timmerman, L.A.; Kanesima, H.; Nolan, G.P. (1997)."The T cell activation factor NF-ATc positively regulates HIV-1 replication and gene expression in T cells".Immunity.6(3): 235–244.doi:10.1016/s1074-7613(00)80326-x.PMID9075924.
  7. ^Nolan, G.P. (1994)."NF-AT-AP-1 and Rel-bZIP: hybrid vigor and binding under the influence".Cell.77(6): 795–798.doi:10.1016/0092-8674(94)90126-0.PMID8004669.S2CID6452940.Retrieved9 August2022.
  8. ^Angelo, Michael; Bendall, Sean C.; Finck, Rachel; et al. (2 March 2014)."Multiplexed ion beam imaging of human breast tumors".Nature Medicine.20(4): 436–442.doi:10.1038/nm.3488.PMC4110905.PMID24584119.
  9. ^Goltsev, Yury; Samusik, Nikolay; Kennedy-Darling, Julia; et al. (9 August 2018)."Deep Profiling of Mouse Splenic Architecture with CODEX Multiplexed Imaging".Cell.174(4): 968–981.doi:10.1016/j.cell.2018.07.010.PMC6086938.PMID30078711.
  10. ^"Survivor Studies: Better Understanding Ebola's After-Effects to Help Find New Treatments".FDA. n.d.Retrieved9 August2022.
  11. ^"Rigel Pharmaceuticals Inc".Wall Street Journal. 2022.Archivedfrom the original on 15 February 2022.Retrieved9 August2022.
  12. ^Jarvis, Lisa M. (29 March 2010)."Nodality Wins Backing From Pfizer Venture".C&EN.Retrieved9 August2022.
  13. ^Jorgensen, Max (15 September 2021)."DeciBio's Spatial Omics Q&A with Garry Nolan of Stanford University".Decibio.Retrieved9 August2022.
  14. ^Proffitt, Allison (19 December 2014)."Roche Acquires Bina Technologies' Powerful Genome Analysis Platform".Bio IT World.Retrieved9 August2022.
  15. ^McCormick, Jason (23 December 2014)."Roche Acquires Bina Technologies' Powerful Genome Analysis Platform".BizJournals.Retrieved9 August2022.
  16. ^Han, Andrew P. (22 July 2021)."Scale Biosciences, Still in Stealth Mode, to Develop Single-Cell, Spatial Biology Tech".Genome Web.Retrieved9 August2022.
  17. ^Ji, Andrew L.; Rubin, Adam J.; Thrane, Kim; et al. (23 July 2020)."Multimodal Analysis of Composition and Spatial Architecture in Human Squamous Cell Carcinoma".Cell.182(6): 1661–1662.doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.05.039.PMC7391009.PMID32579974.S2CID219982265.
  18. ^"About".IONPATH. n.d.Retrieved9 August2022.
  19. ^Schubarth, Cromwell (16 April 2021)."Biomea Fusion, Akoya Biosciences raise $285 million in IPOs".BizJournals.Retrieved9 August2022.
  20. ^Akoya Biosciences (1 September 2021)."Spatial Phenotyping Adds a New Dimension to Discovery Biology".Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News.Retrieved9 August2022.
  21. ^Zimmer, Carl (22 March 2018)."Was a Tiny Mummy in the Atacama an Alien? No, but the Real Story Is Almost as Strange".New York Times.Archivedfrom the original on 8 January 2022.Retrieved9 August2022.
  22. ^Check Hayden, Erika (22 March 2018)."Tiny Mummy's 'Alien' Appearance Finally Explained".National Geographic. Archived fromthe originalon 7 March 2021.Retrieved9 August2022.
  23. ^Warren, Matt (22 March 2018)."This strange 'alien' skeleton is actually a human fetus with genetic bone defects".Science.Retrieved9 August2022.
  24. ^Strickland, Ashley (22 March 2018)."Researchers finally solve mystery of 'alien' skeleton".CNN.Retrieved9 August2022.
  25. ^Armitage, Hanae (22 March 2018)."Mysterious skeleton shows molecular complexity of bone diseases".Stanford University.Retrieved9 August2022.
  26. ^Brooks, Jon (14 June 2021)."UFOs: SETI Astronomer, Stanford Researcher, Aerospace Expert Weigh In".KQED.Retrieved9 August2022.
  27. ^Nolan, Garry P.; Vallee, Jacques F.; Jiang, Sizun; Lemke, Larry G.; et al. (2022)."Improved instrumental techniques, including isotopic analysis, applicable to the characterization of unusual materials with potential relevance to aerospace forensics".Progress in Aerospace Sciences.128:100788.Bibcode:2022PrAeS.12800788N.doi:10.1016/j.paerosci.2021.100788.
  28. ^Virk, Rizwam (16 April 2021)."The U.S. military takes UFOs seriously. Why doesn't Silicon Valley or academia?".NBC News.Retrieved9 August2022.
  29. ^Episode dated August 1st 2022,Tucker Carlson Tonight, 1 August 2022,retrieved17 August2022
  30. ^Keane, Isabel (23 May 2023)."Stanford prof Garry Nolan says aliens are '100%' living among us".New York Post.Retrieved11 June2023.
  31. ^Eberhart, Chris (27 May 2023)."Aliens 'have been on Earth a long time': Stanford Professor".Fox News.Retrieved11 June2023.
  32. ^Klein, Ezra (20 June 2023)."Transcript: Ezra Klein Interviews Leslie Kean (from What the Heck Is Going on With These U.F.O. Stories?)".The New York Times.Archivedfrom the original on 21 June 2023.Retrieved21 June2023.
  33. ^Hanks, Micah (12 September 2023)."The Sol Foundation: How a New Think Tank of Academics is Applying 'Cutting-Edge Research' to the UAP Mystery".The Debrief.
  34. ^Conger, Krista (19 November 2012)."Nolan wins funds to 'map' lineages in ovarian cancer cells".Stanford University.Retrieved9 August2022.
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