Gigantodaxis agenusof 68speciesofblack fliesdistributed along theAndesfrom Mexico toTierra del Fuegoin Argentina.[1][2][3]
| Gigantodax | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Simuliidae |
| Tribe: | Simuliini |
| Genus: | Gigantodax Enderlein,1925 |
| Type species | |
| G. bolivianus Enderlein,1925
| |
| Species groups | |
| Synonyms | |
Taxonomy
editThetaxonomyof the genus was revised in 1989 by anacademic paperpublished in thebulletinof theAmerican Museum of Natural History.[4]In 1997, researchers from theUniversidad Nacional del ComahueinRio Negro,ArgentinacollectedlarvaeofG. marginalisand otherflyspecies inLanín National Park,Neuquén Province.After a close examination includedchromosomemapping, they reported:
Females are notanthropophilicand can be found as well as inmountaincreeksfrom sea level to 4,700 m of altitude (Wygodzinsky & Coscaron 1989).Gigantodaxis a peculiar genus, showing the greatest diversity among the Prosimuliini genera, with synapomorphies in imago and preimaginal stages that help to differentiate species in this genus from other genera. The unusualmorphologyof therespiratoryfilaments in thepupal stageis useful in differentiating species.[1]
TheseSouth Americanresearchers also analyzedG. marginalis,G. fulvescens,andG. chilensisand reported thatCnesia,anotherProsimuliinigenus, issympatricwith southern populations ofGigantodaxand that both genera breed on both sides of the Andean range in Argentina andChileinsubantarcticPatagonia.They also reported thatGigantodaxspecies in this area are also sympatric withSimulium.[1]
These genus was re-examined in 2007 byentomologistsfrom theUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiroin Brazil who explained that in their paper:
...the firstphylogenetichypothesisfor the 13Southern Hemispheregenera of Simuliidae is proposed, through a cladistic approach. In order to investigate the position of those genera representatives of fiveNorthern Hemispheregenera were also included in the analyses as outgroups. The study was based on a data matrix with 33 terminal taxa and 119 morphological characters of adult, pupa and larva. The phylogenetic analysis under equal weights resulted in four most parsimonious trees, with similar topologies and 349 steps...[5]
Species
edit- Brophyispecies-group
- G. antarcticus(Bigot,1888)
- G. awaWygodzinsky & Coscarón, 1989
- G. brophyi(Edwards,1931)
- G. chilensis(Philippi, 1865)
- G. femineus(Edwards,1931)
- G. flabellusWygodzinsky & Coscarón, 1989
- G. kuscheliWygodzinsky, 1952
- G. laevigatusWygodzinsky & Coscarón, 1989
- G. luispenaiWygodzinsky & Coscarón, 1989
- G. marginalis(Edwards,1931)
- G. multituberculatusWygodzinsky & Coscarón, 1989
- G. ortiziWygodzinsky, 1974
- G. osornorumMuñoz de Hoyos, Martínez, Mejía & Bueno, 1995
- G. paramorumWygodzinsky & Coscarón, 1989
- G. patihuaycensisWygodzinsky & Coscarón, 1989
- G. rufidulusWygodzinsky & Coscarón, 1989
- G. trifidusWygodzinsky & Coscarón, 1989
- G. viannamartinsiRamírez-Pérez, 1980
- G. zumbahuaeWygodzinsky & Coscarón, 1989
- Cilicinusspecies-group
- G. arrarteorumWygodzinsky & Coscarón, 1989
- G. basinflatusWygodzinsky & Coscarón, 1989
- G. cilicinusWygodzinsky & Coscarón, 1989
- G. clandestinusWygodzinsky & Coscarón, 1989
- G. destitutusWygodzinsky & Coscarón, 1989
- G. fulvescens(Blanchard, 1852)
- G. incomitatusWygodzinsky & Coscarón, 1989
- G. lazoiTakaoka, Hirai & Tada, 1988
- G. mariobordaiWygodzinsky & Coscarón, 1989
- G. pennipunctusEnderlein,1934
- G. shannoni(Edwards,1931)
- Cormonsispecies-group
- G. abalosiWygodzinsky, 1958
- G. brevisWygodzinsky & Coscarón, 1989
- G. cormonsiWygodzinsky & Coscarón, 1989
- G. gracilisWygodzinsky & Coscarón, 1989
- G. leonorumWygodzinsky & Coscarón, 1989
- G. misituWygodzinsky & Coscarón, 1989
- G. praealtusWygodzinsky & Coscarón, 1989
- G. siberianusWygodzinsky & Coscarón, 1989
- G. vulcaniusWygodzinsky & Coscarón, 1989
- G. wygodzinskyiMoncada, Muñoz de Hoyos & Bueno, 1981
- Igniculusspecies-group
- G. carmenaeWygodzinsky & Coscarón, 1989
- G. igniculusCoscarón & Wygodzinsky, 1962
- Minorspecies-group
- G. araucanius(Edwards,1931)
- G. bolivianusEnderlein,1925
- G. eremicusWygodzinsky & Coscarón, 1989
- G. minorWygodzinsky & Coscarón, 1989
- Multifilisspecies-group
- G. multifilisWygodzinsky & Coscarón, 1989
- Wrightispecies-group
- G. adleriMoulton, 1996
- G. aquamarensis(De León, 1945)
- G. bettyaeWygodzinsky, 1974
- G. bierigiVargas & Ramírez-Pérez, 1989
- G. cervicornisWygodzinsky, 1974
- G. convitiRamírez-Pérez, 1980
- G. corniculatusWygodzinsky, 1974
- G. cypellusWygodzinsky & Coscarón, 1989
- G. dryadicaudicisWygodzinsky & Coscarón, 1989
- G. herreriWygodzinsky & Coscarón, 1989
- G. horcotianiWygodzinsky, 1949
- G. impossibilisWygodzinsky, 1974
- G. incapucaraWygodzinsky & Coscarón, 1989
- G. nasutusWygodzinsky & Coscarón, 1989
- G. rufescens(Edwards,1931)
- G. septenariusWygodzinsky & Coscarón, 1989
- G. willeiVargas & Ramírez-Pérez, 1989
- G. wrighti(Vargas, Martínez Palacios & Díaz Nájera, 1944)
- Unplaced
- G. cuyanoCoscarón, 1981
- G. dryadibranchiumCoscarón, 1981
- G. pucaraCoscarón, 1981
Literature cited
edit- ^abc[1]The Polytene Chromosomes of Cnesia dissimilis (Edwards) and Three Species of Gigantodax Enderlein (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Lanin National Park (Argentina) by Cecilia L Coscaron Arias
- ^[2]Archived2011-06-07 at theWayback MachineClemson University Department of Entomology, Soils, & Plant Sciences
- ^
Peter H. Adler & Roger W. Crosskey (2009)."World Blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae): A Comprehensive Revision of the Taxonomic and Geographical Inventory":109.
{{cite journal}}:Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^Wygodzinsky, Pedro W.; Coscarón, Sixto (1989)."Revision of the black fly genus Gigantodax (Diptera, Simuliidae)"(PDF).American Museum of Natural History.189:1–289.Retrieved6 August2017.
- ^[3]Preliminary considerations on phylogeny of Simuliidae Genera from Southern Hemisphere (Insecta, Diptera)