Wikipedia

Giuseppe Cobolli Gigli

Giuseppe Cobolli Gigli(28 May 1892 – 22 July 1987) was an Italian engineer and politician. From 1935 to 1939, he was member ofBenito Mussolini'sItalian fascistgovernment asministerofpublic works.

Giuseppe Cobolli Gigli
National Councilor of theChamber of Fasces and Corporations
In office
23 March 1939 – 5 August 1943
Minister of Public Works
In office
5 September 1935 – 31 October 1939
Prime MinisterBenito Mussolini
Preceded byLuigi Razza
Succeeded byAdelchi Serena
Undersecretary of Stateof the Minister of Public Works
In office
24 January 1935 – 5 September 1935
Prime MinisterBenito Mussolini
Member of theChamber of Deputies
In office
28 April 1934 – 2 March 1939
ConstituencyTrieste
Personal details
Born(1892-05-28)May 28, 1892
Trieste,Kingdom of Italy
Died22 July 1987(1987-07-22)(aged 95)
Malnate,Italy
Political partyNational Fascist Party
Republican Fascist Party
OccupationEngineer,politician

Early life and family

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Cobolli Gigli in Sardinia in 1938

Giuseppe Cobolli Gigli was born in 1892 inTrieste,then part of theImperial Free City of Trieste and its Territory,into a family ofnational liberalismpersuasion.[1]There is a dispute about his family origins. According to Pietro Valente, Cobolli Gigli was born from Nicolò Cobol (Koper,1861 – Trieste, 1931), an elementary school teacher andItalian irredentist,to which Trieste has dedicated aCarsotrail (la Napoleonica) for his creation of municipal recreation centers during theHabsburgtimes ofAustria-Hungary.[2]The name was later changed to Cobolli duringFascist Italy.The addition ofGiglito the surname was related to the experience of irredentist fighting duringWorld War I.The unredeemed volunteer fighters in theItalian Armyassumed a battle pseudonym to protect their families, and many added it, as the war was over, to their last name, as element of honour.[3]

According to Valente, the children of Cobolli Gigli were Sergio, aguardiamarina[it]on an anti-submarine engine duringWorld War II;Antongiulio, an officer on theEastern Front,where he was wounded in combat; and Niccolò, a fighter pilot who died in the skies ofGreeceand was decorated with the Gold Medal for Military Valour Memorial. Other sources, less detailed, reported Cobolli Gigli as being a member of a Slavic family. According to Giacomo Scotti, Giuseppe Cobolli Gigli was a minister of public works of the Fascist era and son of Nikolaus Combol, Slovenian primary school teacher, born in 1863; the last name wasItalianizedspontaneously in 1928,[4][5]and since 1919 had given himself the pseudonym patriotic Giulio Italico. When he became aNational Fascist Party(PNF) leader, he took a second surname, Gigli, giving itself a touch of nobility.[6]According to Federico Vincenti, the father of Cobolli Gigli was the Slovenian Nikolaus Kobolj.[7]According to Claudio Sommaruga, Cobolli Gigli was the son of an elementary school teacher Nicholas Cobol, from Koper (Italian:Capodistria), and he first assumed the pseudonym of Giulio Italico,[8]until Italianizing it in 1928 in the name Cobolli, and after becoming agerarcahe added a second surname, Gigli.[9]

Political career

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An engineer, after having fought asirredentistin the First World War, Cobolli Gigli began his political career in thefascist movementin 1919. That same year, under the pseudonym Giulio Italico, he produced the brochureTrieste, la fedele di Roma(English:Trieste, Faithful of Rome).[3]He followed thecursus honorumwithin the PNF, which he joined in January 1922. He was the federal secretary of Trieste's PNF from 1927 to 1930, and the city's vice-podestà from 1933 to 1934. As the fascist ideologue Giuseppe Cobol,[10]he wrote in the journalGerarchia.[11]In a September 1927 article entitledIl fascismo e gli allogeni(English:Fascism and the Aliens), he theorized theethnic cleansingofVenezia Giulia,by replacing the populations with native Italian settlers from other provinces theKingdom of Italy.InTrieste, la fedele di Roma,aboutPazin,he reported: "The village lies on the edge of an abyss which the muse calledfoiba,a worthy place of burial for those who, in the province, threaten with bold claims the national characteristics ofIstria."[6][12]

Cobolli Gigli inUolchefit,Ethiopia

In 1934, Cobolli Gigli became a member of theChamber of Deputiesfrom Trieste.[13][14]In January 1935, he was appointed Undersecretary of State for the Ministry of Public Works. Aged 43, from 5 September 1935, upon the death ofLuigi Razza,to 31 October 1939, he was minister of public works in theMussolini government,[15]overseeing the great works carried out in theItalian colonies,a subject upon which he wrote the bookStrade imperiale(English:Imperial Roads), published in 1938. He specialized in the development of road network inItalian Ethiopia.By order of Mussolini, he went toItalian East Africaat the end of 1936 for six months to deal with the development of the road network in Ethiopia and personally supervise the work of the various construction sites directed by the engineer Giuseppe Pini.[16][17]

On 4 April 1939, at theNational Institute of Roman Studies[it],he illustrated during a conference "the contribution of the Ministry of Public Works to the master plan of imperial Rome".[18][19]In the national territory, he was among the proponents of the regulatory plan ofCatanzaroandLa Spezia(the first of the city), and the first signatory of the project to complete the former Busonera Hospital inVenice.In 1939, he became a national councilor of theChamber of Fasci and Corporations.From 1939 to 1943, he was president ofAgip,the Italian public oil company founded by Fascism.[20][21]

Later life and death

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In 1943, Cobolli Gigli joined theItalian Social Republicand theRepublican Fascist Party.As chairman ofItalstrade[it],he collaborated with the Germans throughOrganization Todtin the construction of defensive structures. For this reason, at the end of the war he was tried forwartime collaborationand sentenced in the trial of first instance to 19 years in prison; this sentence was later annulled on appeal on 9 April 1946.[22]He died on 22 July 1987 inMalnateat the age of 95.[23]

Honours

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Works

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  • Italico, Giulio (1919).Trieste, la fedele di Roma(in Italian). Turin: Ed Lattes.
  • Italico, Giulio (1920). "Una discesa nella grotta di Trebiciano".Le vie d'Italia(in Italian). No. 4. Milan: Touring Club Italiano.
  • Italico, Giulio (1923). "Attraverso il Carso sotterraneo".Rivinsa Mensile del CAI(in Italian). No. October. Turin: Club Alpino Italiano.
  • Italico, Giulio (1924). "Approvvigionamento idrico dell'Istria".Bollettino della Seziione di Trieste(in Italian). No. 2. Trieste: Associazione Nazazionale Ingegneri e Architetti Italiani. pp. 6–7.
  • Cobolli Gigli, Giuseppe (1933). "Grandi lavori nelle grotte di S. Canziano".Le vie d'Italia(in Italian). No. 471. Milan: Touring Club Italiano.
  • Cobolli Gigli, Giuseppe (1933).Provvedimenti idrici nella Venezia Giulia nel primo decennio fascista.Atti 1º Congr. Interregionale degli Ingegneri delle Tre Venezie (in Italian). Trieste. pp. 125–130.
  • Cobolli Gigli, Giuseppe (1938).Opere pubbliche(in Italian). Milan: Mondadori.
  • Cobolli Gigli, Giuseppe (1938).Strade imperiali(in Italian). Milan: Mondadori.
  • Cobolli Gigli, Giuseppe (1939).Il contributo del Ministero dei Lavori Pubblici al Piano Regolatore di Roma imperiale(in Italian). Rome: Istituto Nazionale di Studi Romani.

See also

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References

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  1. ^Morelli, Alfio (1987).Trieste, l'altra faccia della storia 1943-45(in Italian). Rome: Edizioni di Storia e Letteratura. p.40.Retrieved22 January2023– via Google Books.
  2. ^"Nicolò Cobolli (Cobol)"(in Italian). Comitato Ex Allievi Ricreatorio Giglio Padovan.Retrieved22 February2023.
  3. ^ab"Mistificazione della storia"(PDF).La Sveglia(in Italian). No. 167. Trieste: Unione Degli Istriani. September 2007. p. 13. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 22 July 2011.Retrieved22 February2023.
  4. ^Fornaciari, Bruno (11 May 1928)."Decreti di riduzione del cognome 'Cobol' in 'Cobolli'".Gazzetta Ufficiale del Regno d'Italia(in Italian). No. 111 – Parte Prima. Rome: Ministero della Giustizia e degli affari di culto – Ufficio pubblicazione delle leggi. p. 2039. Archived fromthe originalon 31 October 2016.Retrieved22 February2023.
  5. ^Sirovich, Livio Isaak (1997).Cime irredente. Un tempestoso caso storico alpinistico(in Italian). Turin: CDA & Vivalda. p. 262.ISBN88-78-08122-1.
  6. ^abScotti, Giacomo (2007). "Il ricordo selezionato e la storia falsificata". In Antoni, Daniela (ed.).Revisionismo storico e terre di confine(in Italian). Udine: Kappa Vu.ISBN978-8-8898-0830-6.Retrieved22 February2023– via TecaLibri.
  7. ^Vincenti, Federico (19 September 2004)."Quando si cominciò a parlare di foibe? Ristabiliamo la verità storica"(PDF).Resistenza e revisionismo(in Italian). ANPI. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 19 October 2007.Retrieved22 February2023.
  8. ^Sommaruga, Claudio (2007)."Radici fasciste delle 'foibe' e prigionieri di Tito"(PDF).Rassegna(in Italian). No. March–April. ANRP. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 25 October 2007.Retrieved22 February2023– via ANPI Pianoro.
  9. ^Sommaruga, Claudio (2007)."Le foibe e i partigiani di Tito"(PDF).Rassegna(in Italian). No. March–April. ANRP. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 22 July 2011.Retrieved22 February2023.
  10. ^Wörsdörfer, Rolf (2004).Krisenherd Adria 1915-1955: Konstruktion und Artikulation des Nationalen im italienisch-jugoslawischen Grenzraum(in German). Horn: Verlag Ferd. p.255.ISBN978-3-506-70144-2.Retrieved22 February2023– via Google Books.
  11. ^Cobol, Giuseppe (September 1927). "Il fascismo e gli allogeni".Gerarchia(in Italian). No. 9. Milan. pp. 303–306.
  12. ^Cobolli Gigli, Giuseppe (2010).Trieste: "la fedele di Roma(in Italian). Trieste: Edizioni Luglio.ISBN978-8-8891-5374-1.Retrieved22 February2023– via Google Books.
  13. ^Rassegna delle poste, dei telegrafi e dei telefoni Ufficiale del Ministero delle comunicazioni per i servizi postali, telegrafici e telefonici...(in Italian). Milan: Istituto Poligrafico dello Stato. 1935. p.68.Retrieved22 February2023– via Google Books.
  14. ^Pizzigallo, Matteo (1992).La "politica estera" dell'AGIP (1933-1940): diplomazia economica e petrolio(in Italian). Milan: A. Giuffrè. p.63.ISBN978-8-8140-3944-7.Retrieved22 February2023– via Google Books.
  15. ^Bollettino ufficiale(in Italian). Milan: Libreria dello Stato. 1939. p.4050.Retrieved22 February2023– via Google Books.
  16. ^Storia contemporanea(in Italian). Vol. 16. Bologna: Società editrice il Mulino. 1985.Retrieved22 February2023– via Google Books.
  17. ^Del Boca, Angelo (1986).Gli italiani in Africa orientale: La caduta dell'Impero(in Italian). Bari: Laterza. pp.159–162.ISBN978-8842-02810-9.Retrieved22 February2023– via Google Books.
  18. ^Il Libro italiano(in Italian). Trieste: Librerie Ulpiano. July 1939. p.687.Retrieved22 February2023– via Google Books.
  19. ^La porta orientale rivista mensile di studi giuliani e dalmati(in Italian). Trieste: Compagnia Volontari Giuliani e Dalmati. 1939. pp.266,389, 470.Retrieved22 February2023– via Google Books.
  20. ^Foglio degli annunzi legali della provincia di Roma(in Italian). Milan: Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato. 1940. p.1772.Retrieved22 February2023– via Google Books.
  21. ^Pozzi, Daniele (2009).Dai gatti selvaggi al cane a sei zampe: tecnologia, conoscenza e organizzazione nell'Agip e nell'Eni di Enrico Mattei(in Italian). Padoa: Marsilio. p.102.ISBN978-8-8317-9712-2.Retrieved22 February2023– via Google Books.
  22. ^"Giusepep Cobolli Gigli".Boegan(in Italian). Commissione Grotte E. Boegan. 9 November 2013.Retrieved22 February2023.
  23. ^"La figura di Giuseppe Cobolli Gigli"(PDF).Pionieri ENI(in Italian).Retrieved22 February2023.

Further reading

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