This articleneeds additional citations forverification.(October 2019) |
Gorizia(Italian pronunciation:[ɡoˈrittsja];Slovene:Gorica[ɡɔˈɾìːtsa]), colloquiallystara Gorica'old Gorizia'[3][4]to distinguish it fromNova Gorica(Standard Friulian:Gurize,Southeastern Friulian:Guriza;Bisiacco:Gorisia;German:Görz[ɡœʁts]), is a town andcomune(municipality) in northeastern Italy, in the autonomous region ofFriuli-Venezia Giulia.It is located at the foot of theJulian Alps,borderingSlovenia.It is the capital of theRegional decentralization entity of Goriziaand is a local center of tourism, industry, and commerce. Since 1947, atwin townofNova Goricahas developed on the other side of the modern-dayItaly–Slovenia border.The region was subject to territorial dispute between Italy andYugoslaviaafterWorld War II:after the new boundaries were established in 1947 and the old town was left to Italy, Nova Gorica was built on the Yugoslav side. The two towns constitute aconurbation,which also includes the Slovenian municipality ofŠempeter-Vrtojba.Since May 2011, these three towns have been joined in a common trans-border metropolitan zone, administered by a joint administration board.[5]
Gorizia
| |
|---|---|
| Comune di Gorizia Občina Gorica Comun di Gurize | |
 The old part of Gorizia seen from the castle in August 2008 | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
Location of Gorizia  | |
  Gorizia Location of Gorizia in Friuli-Venezia Giulia  Gorizia Gorizia (Friuli-Venezia Giulia) | |
| Coordinates:45°56′N13°37′E/ 45.933°N 13.617°E | |
| Country | Italy |
| Region | Friuli-Venezia Giulia |
| Province | Gorizia |
| Frazioni | Castello,Lucinico(Ločnik), Oslavia (Oslavje), Piuma (Pevma), San Mauro (Šmaver), Sant'Andrea (Štandrež), Straccis (Stražišče), Vallone dell'Acqua, Gradiscutta, Piedimonte (Podgora) |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Rodolfo Ziberna(Forza Italia) |
| Area | |
| • Total | 41 km2(16 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 86 m (282 ft) |
| Population (November, 2022)[2] | |
| • Total | 33,584 |
| • Density | 820/km2(2,100/sq mi) |
| Demonym(s) | Goriziani(Italian) Goričani(Slovene) |
| Time zone | UTC+1(CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2(CEST) |
| Postal code | 34170 |
| Dialing code | 0481 |
| ISTATcode | 031007 |
| Patron saint | SaintsHilary and Tatian |
| Saint day | March 16 |
| Website | Official website |
The name of the town comes from theSlovenewordgorica'little mountain', which is a commontoponyminSlovene-inhabited areas.[6]
History
editMiddle Ages
editOriginating as a watchtower or a prehistoric castle controlling the fords of theIsonzoRiver, Gorizia first emerged as a small village not far from the formerVia Gemina,theRoman roadlinkingAquileiaandEmona(modernLjubljana). The nameGoriziawas recorded for the first time in a document dated April 28, 1001, in whichHoly Roman EmperorOtto IIIdonated the castle and the village ofGorizato thePatriarch of AquileiaJohn II and to Count VerihenEppensteinofFriuli.The document referred to Gorizia as "the village known asGorizain the language of theSlavs"("Villa quae Sclavorum lingua vocatur Goriza").
Count Meinhard of theBavarianMeinhardinernoble lineage, with possessions aroundLienzinTyrol,is mentioned as early as 1107; as avogtof thePatriarchate of Aquileiahe wasenfeoffedwith large estates in the formerMarch of Friuli,including the town of Gorizia, and as early as 1127 called himselfGraf von Görz,Count of Gorizia. In the late 13th century, theHouse of Goriziaemerged as one of the most important noble houses in the Holy Roman Empire. The borders of the County changed frequently in the following three centuries due to frequent wars with Aquileia and other counties, and also to the subdivision of the territory in two main nuclei: one around the upperDravariver with the center in Lienz, the other around Gorizia itself. Between the 12th century and early 16th century, the town served as the political and administrative center of this essentially independentCounty of Gorizia,which at the height of its power comprised the territory of the present-day regions ofGoriška,southeastFriuli,theKarst Plateau,centralIstria,western Carinthia andEast Tyrol,and theWindic MarchwithBela Krajina.
From the 11th century, the town had two different layers of development: the upper castle district and the village beneath it. The first played a political-administrative role and the second a rural-commercial role. The name of the central square, known to this day in both languages as Travnik or Traunig ( "meadow", in Slovene), testifies to this period.
In the late 15th century, the city rights were expanded to the lower town.
Habsburg rule
editIn 1500, the dynasty of the Counts of Gorizia died out and their County passed to AustrianHabsburgrule, after a short occupation by theRepublic of Venicein the years 1508 and 1509. UnderHabsburgdominion, the town spread out at the foot of thecastle.Many settlers fromnorthern Italymoved there and started their commerce. Gorizia developed into a multi-ethnic town, in whichFriulian,Venetian,German, andSlovenewere spoken.
In mid-16th century, Gorizia emerged as a center ofProtestant Reformation,which was spreading from the neighboring northeastern regions ofCarniolaandCarinthia.The prominentSloveneProtestant preacherPrimož Trubaralso visited and preached in the town. By the end of the century, however, theCatholicCounter-Reformationhad gained force in Gorizia, led by the local deanJohann Tautscher,who later becamebishop of Ljubljana.Tautscher was also instrumental in bringing theJesuit orderto the town, which played a role in the education and cultural life in Gorizia thereafter.
Gorizia was at first part of theCounty of Goriziaand since 1754, the capital of thePrincely County of Gorizia and Gradisca.In ecclesiastical matters, after thesuppression of the Patriarchate of Aquileiain 1751, theArchdiocese of Goriziawas established as its legal successor on the territory of theHabsburg monarchy.Gorizia thus emerged as aRoman Catholicreligious center. The archdiocese of Gorizia covers a large territory, extending to theDravaRiver to the north and theKolpato the east, with the dioceses ofTrieste,Trento,ComoandPedenasubject to the authority of the archbishops of Gorizia. A new town quarter developed around the Cathedral where many treasures from the Basilica ofAquileiawere transferred. Many new villas were built conveying to the town the typical lateBaroqueappearance, which characterized it up toWorld War I.A synagogue was built within the town walls, too, which was another example of Gorizia's relatively tolerant multi-ethnic nature.
During theNapoleonic Wars,Gorizia was incorporated to theFrenchIllyrian Provincesbetween 1809 and 1813. After the restoration of theAustrianrule, the Gorizia and its county were incorporated in the administrative unit known as theKingdom of Illyria.During this period, Gorizia emerged as a popular summer residence of the Austrian nobility, and became known as the "AustrianNice".Members of the former French rulingBourbon family,deposed by theJuly Revolutionof 1830, also settled in the town, including the last Bourbon monarchCharles Xwho spent his last years in Gorizia. Unlike in most neighboring areas, the revolutionaryspring of nationsof 1848 passed almost unnoticed in Gorizia, thus reaffirming its reputation of a calm and loyal provincial town.
In 1849, the County of Gorizia was included in theAustrian Littoral,along withTriesteandIstria.In 1861, the territory was reorganized as thePrincely County of Gorizia and Gradiscaand grantedregional autonomy.At that time, Gorizia was a multi-ethnic town; Italian andVenetian,Slovene,Friulian,and German were all spoken in the town center, while in the suburbs Slovene and Friulian prevailed. Although some tensions between the Italian-Friulian and the Slovene population existed, the town continued to maintain a relatively tolerant climate in which both Slovene and Italian-Friulian cultures flourished.
On the eve ofWorld War I,Gorizia had around 31,000 inhabitants and was the third-largest city in theAustrian Littoral,followingTriesteandPula(Pola). Another 14,000 people lived in the suburbs, making it one of the most populous urban agglomerations in theAlpe-Adriaarea, ahead ofKlagenfurt,Maribor,Salzburg,BozenorTrento.Within the city limits, about 48% of the population spoke Italian or Friulian as their first language, while 35% were Slovene speakers. In the suburbs, the Slovene speaking population prevailed, with 77% versus 21% Italian/Friulian speakers.
World War I
editGorizia was not on the frontline during the first 10 months ofWorld War I,but the first Gorizian victim of the war occurred as early as August 10, 1914, when CountessLucy Christalniggwas shot byLandsturmerguards while driving her car on a mission for the Austrian Red Cross.[7]
Italyentered World War Ion theAlliedside and conflict withAustria-Hungarybegan on May 24, 1915. Thehills west of Goriziasoon became the scene of fierce battles between the Italian and Austro-Hungarian armies. The town itself was seriously damaged and most of its inhabitants had been evacuated by early 1916. TheItalian Armyoccupied Gorizia during theSixth Battle of the Isonzoin August 1916, with the front line moving to the eastern outskirts of the town. With theBattle of Caporettoin October and November 1917, when theCentral Powerspushed the Italians back to thePiave River,the town returned to Austro-Hungarian control.
After the Battle of Caporetto, Gorizia became the focus of three competing political camps: the unified Slovene nationalist parties that demanded a semi-independentYugoslav stateunder theHouse of Habsburg,theFriulianconservatives andChristian Socialistswho demanded a separate and autonomous Eastern Friuli within anAustrian confederation,and the undergroundItalian irredentist movementworking for unification with Italy. At the end of World War I, in late October 1918, the Slovenes unilaterally declared an independentState of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs,while the Friulians continued to demand an autonomous region under Habsburg rule. Gorizia became a contested town. In early November 1918, it was occupied by Italian troops again, who immediately dissolved the two competing authorities and introduced their own civil administration.
Kingdom of Italy
editIn the first years of Italian administration, Gorizia was included in the Governorate of theJulian March(1918–1919). In 1920, the town and the whole region became officially part of Italy. The autonomous County of Gorizia and Gradisca was dissolved in 1922, and in 1924 it was annexed to theProvince of Udine(then called the Province ofFriuli). In 1927 Gorizia became a provincial capital within the Julian March administrative region. During thefascist regime,all Slovene organizations were dissolved, and the public use of Slovene was prohibited. Underground Slovene organizations, with ananti-Fascistand oftenirredentistagenda, such as the militant insurrectionist organizationTIGR,were established as a result. Many Slovenes fled to theKingdom of Yugoslaviaand to South America, especially toArgentina.Many of these emigrants became prominent in their new environments. Very few Slovene-speaking intellectuals and public figures decided to stay in the town, and those few who did, like the writerFrance Bevk,were subject to persecution.
The town, heavily damaged during World War I, was rebuilt in the 1920s according to the plans laid out by the local architectMax Fabiani.Severalrationalistbuildings were built during this period, including some fine examples ofFascist architecture.The borders of the town were expanded, absorbing the suburbs of Salcano (Solkan), Podgora,Lucinico,and San Pietro di Gorizia (Šempeter pri Gorici), as well as the predominantly rural settlements of Vertoiba (Vrtojba), Boccavizza (Bukovica) and Sant'Andrea (Štandrež). According to the Italian census of 1921, the expanded town had around 47,000 inhabitants, among whom 45.5% were native Slovene, 33% Italian (mostlyVenetian), and 20.5% Friulian speakers.
Benito Mussolinivisited the town twice: in 1938 and in 1942.
After theItalian armisticein September 1943, the town was shortly occupied by theSlovene partisan resistance,but soon fell underNazi Germanadministration. Between 1943 and 1945 it was incorporated into theOperational Zone Adriatic Littoral.The town was briefly occupied by theYugoslav Armyin May and June 1945. With the arrival of the Yugoslav partisans in Gorizia in May 1945, a fierce repression began against the opponents, or potential opponents of the regime. At least 1,048 Italian civilians and military disappeared.[8]According to some historians, many of the killings and violence suffered by the Italian ethnic group in Gorizia (and the rest of Friuli and Venezia Giulia) by the Yugoslav army were perpetrated as part of an ethnic cleansing practiced by Tito. Soon the administration was transferred to theAllies,who ruled the town for more than two years, amidst fierce ethnic and political turmoil.
Postwar partition and return to Italy
editOn September 15, 1947, the town was assigned to Italy. Several peripheral districts of the municipality of Gorizia (Solkan,Pristava,Rožna Dolina,Kromberk,Šempeter pri Gorici,Vrtojba,Stara Gora,Ajševica,Volčja Draga,Bukovica,andVogrsko) were handed over to theFederal People's Republic of Yugoslavia,together with the vast majority of the former Province of Gorizia. Around a half of the prewar area of the municipality of Gorizia, with an approximate 20% of the population, was annexed to Yugoslavia. The national border was drawn just off the town center, putting Gorizia into a peripheral zone. Several landmarks of the town, such as theKostanjevica Monastery/Convento di Castagnevizza,Kromberk Castle/Castello Coronini, theSveta Gora/Monte Santo pilgrimage site, the old Jewish cemetery, and the northern railway station, remained on the other side of the border. In 1948, the authorities of theSocialist Republic of Slovenia(with presidentJosip Broz Tito's special support) started building a new town calledNova Gorica('New Gorizia') on their side of the border.
From the late 1940s onward, Gorizia gave refuge to thousands ofIstrian Italiansthathad fledthe regions annexed to Yugoslavia. Many of those settled in the town and had a role in shaping its postwar national and political identity.
Though a border city, Gorizia was only in part crossed by the border withYugoslavia.Some important old buildings once belonging to Gorizia were included in the Yugoslav territory: these include the oldrailway stationof theTransalpina linethat connectedTriestetoVillach,as well as to the town landmarks. Although the situation in Gorizia was often compared with that ofBerlinduring theCold War,Italy and Yugoslavia had good relations regarding Gorizia. These included cultural and sporting events that favoured the spirit of harmonious coexistence that remained in place after Yugoslavia broke up in 1991.
With the breakup of Yugoslavia, the frontier remained as the division between Italy and Slovenia until the implementation of theSchengen Agreementby Slovenia on December 21, 2007.
Geography
editClimate
editGorizia has ahumid subtropical climate(Köppen climate classificationCfa). The town is located at the confluence of theIsonzoandVipava Valleys.It lies on a plain overlooked by theGorizia Hills.Sheltered from the north and from the east by a mountain ridge, Gorizia is completely protected from the coldbora wind,which affects the rest of the neighboring areas. The town thus enjoys an exceptionally mild climate throughout the year, making it a popular resort town.
| Climate data for Gorizia (1971–2000) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 18.4 (65.1) |
23.1 (73.6) |
26.0 (78.8) |
28.9 (84.0) |
33.7 (92.7) |
37.4 (99.3) |
38.5 (101.3) |
38.7 (101.7) |
36.8 (98.2) |
30.1 (86.2) |
25.5 (77.9) |
19.6 (67.3) |
38.7 (101.7) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 7.2 (45.0) |
8.6 (47.5) |
12.8 (55.0) |
16.7 (62.1) |
21.8 (71.2) |
25.4 (77.7) |
28.0 (82.4) |
27.9 (82.2) |
23.7 (74.7) |
18.2 (64.8) |
12.5 (54.5) |
8.9 (48.0) |
17.6 (63.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 3.3 (37.9) |
4.7 (40.5) |
8.3 (46.9) |
12.0 (53.6) |
17.1 (62.8) |
20.5 (68.9) |
23.0 (73.4) |
22.6 (72.7) |
18.9 (66.0) |
13.8 (56.8) |
7.8 (46.0) |
4.0 (39.2) |
13.0 (55.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −0.1 (31.8) |
0.8 (33.4) |
4.1 (39.4) |
7.8 (46.0) |
12.7 (54.9) |
16.1 (61.0) |
18.3 (64.9) |
17.7 (63.9) |
14.3 (57.7) |
9.6 (49.3) |
4.0 (39.2) |
0.6 (33.1) |
8.8 (47.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −14.2 (6.4) |
−12.9 (8.8) |
−8.1 (17.4) |
−4 (25) |
0.9 (33.6) |
5.7 (42.3) |
8.9 (48.0) |
9.2 (48.6) |
5.2 (41.4) |
−2.9 (26.8) |
−7.8 (18.0) |
−15.5 (4.1) |
−15.5 (4.1) |
| Averageprecipitationmm (inches) | 49.6 (1.95) |
46.8 (1.84) |
60.1 (2.37) |
76.3 (3.00) |
77.6 (3.06) |
70.5 (2.78) |
69.6 (2.74) |
68.5 (2.70) |
89.2 (3.51) |
101.2 (3.98) |
83.4 (3.28) |
60.2 (2.37) |
853 (33.58) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 1.0 mm) | 6.0 | 5.2 | 5.7 | 8.3 | 8.2 | 8.6 | 5.9 | 6.1 | 5.9 | 6.7 | 5.8 | 5.9 | 78.3 |
| Averagerelative humidity(%) | 82 | 78 | 75 | 74 | 71 | 72 | 70 | 69 | 74 | 77 | 80 | 81 | 75.8 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 77.8 | 100.4 | 144.5 | 179.7 | 228.1 | 249.9 | 285.7 | 261.3 | 210.4 | 144.0 | 99.8 | 62.4 | 2,044 |
| Source: MeteoAM (sun and humidity 1961–1990)[9][10] | |||||||||||||
Main sights
edit- The castle, built within the medieval walls, was once the seat of the administrative and judiciary power of the county. It is divided into the Corte dei Lanzi (with foundings of a high tower demolished in the 16th century), the Palazzetto dei Conti (13th century) and the Palazzetto Veneto. The Lanzi were the armed guards, the term being an Italian form ofLandsknecht.The palatine chapel, entitled to SaintBartholomewhouses canvases of the Venetian school of painting and traces ofRenaissancefrescoes.There is also a Museum of the Goritian Middle Ages.
- The cathedral (originally erected in the 14th century), like many of the city's buildings, was almost entirely destroyed during World War I.[citation needed]It has been rebuilt following the forms of the 1682 edifice, aBaroquechurch with splendidstuccodecoration. AGothicchapel of San Acatius is annexed to the nave.
- The church of Gorizia ofSt. Ignatius of Loyola,built by theJesuitsin 1680–1725. It has a single nave with precious sculptures at the altars of the side chapels. In the presbyteryChristoph Tauschpainted aGlory of St. Ignatiusin 1721.
- ThePalazzo Attems Petzenstein(19th century), designed byNicolò Pacassi.
- Saint Roch's Church.
- Palazzo Cobenzl,today seat of the archbishops.
- The Counts of Lantieri's house, which housedemperorsand popes in its history.
- ThePalazzo Coronini Cronberg,including an art gallery.
- Transalpina railway square,divided by an international border.
- The Department of International and Diplomatic Sciences of the University of Trieste, hosted in the "Seminario Minore", is an academic course in foreign affairs.
- Oslavia War Memorial
-
Victory Square (Piazza della Vittoria) is the traditional center of the town. -
Saint Ignatius's Church -
Gorizia Castle -
Gorizia Castle -
Holy Spirit Chapel -
The Coronini Mansion -
Gorizia Duomo
Border crossings
edit
The Italy-Slovenia border runs by the edge of Gorizia andNova Goricaand there are several border crossings between the cities. The ease of movement between the two parts of town has depended very much on the politics of both countries, ranging from strict controls to total free movement since December 21, 2007, when Slovenia joined theSchengen area.
Designated border crossings are (Gorizia-Nova Gorica):
- Casa Rossa-Rožna Dolina:main international crossing checkpoint
- Via San Gabriele-Erjavčeva ulica: previously only for local traffic with passes, nearest crossing to Nova Gorica center
- Via del Rafut-Pristava: previously only for local traffic with passes
- San Pietro (Via Vittorio Veneto)/Šempeter pri Gorici(Goriška ulica)
- Transalpina Square:open pedestrian square dissected by the border that was once fenced. The square was never an official crossing and signboards were erected to prohibit people from crossing the square from one side to the other
- The major highway crossing at Sant'Andrea-Vrtojbais located nearby to the south of the city.
Government
editHistorical demography
editThe chart shows the historical development of the population of Gorizia from the late 18th century to the eve of World War I, according to official Austrian censuses. The figures show the population of the municipality of Gorizia in the boundaries of the time. The criteria for the definition of the ethnical structure were changing over the years: in 1789, only the religious affiliation of the population was taken into account; in 1869 the ethnic affiliation was also recorded, with Jews counted as a separate category; in 1880 the category of ethnicity was replaced by themother tongue,and from 1890 to 1910 only the "language of everyday communication" (German:Umgangsprache) was recorded. After 1869, the Jews were only recorded as a religious community, under the official category of "Israelites".The data below refer to the population within the current borders of the city:
| Census[11][12] | Ethnic structure | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | Population | Italians | Slovenes | Germans | Jews | |
| 1789 | 7,639 | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | 3.9% | |
| 1850 | 10,581 | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | |
| 1857 | 13,297 | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | |
| 1869 | 16,659 | 66.6% | 21.0% | 10.8% | 1.8% | |
| 1880 | 26,080 | 59.4% | 25.7% | 8.4% | (1.4%) | |
| 1890 | 27,521 | 60.8% | 26.5% | 4.8% | n.a. | |
| 1910 | 38,279 | 45.3% | 39.6% | 8.9% | (0.9%) | |
| 1921 | 39,829 | 60.8% | 37.1% | n.a. | n.a. | |
| 1924 | 45,540 | 70.6% | 28.5% | n.a. | n.a. | |
| 1936 | 52,065 | 68.1% | 30.0% | n.a. | n.a. | |
Demographic evolution
edit
Foreign ethnicities and minorities
editAs of December 31, 2022, foreigners residents in the municipality were 3,715, i.e. 11.1% of the population. The largest groups are shown below:[13][14]
- Slovenia627
- Kosovo408
- Bosnia and Herzegovina295
- Romania282
- Morocco203
- China171
- North Macedonia165
- Pakistan152
- Ukraine147
- Serbia121
Culture and education
editAlthough the majority of the population identifies with theItalian culture,Gorizia is a center ofFriulianandSlovene culture.[15]Before 1918, the trilingual Gorizia Grammar School was one of the most important educational institutions in theSlovene Landsand for theItaliansin theAustrian Littoral.[16]
Nowadays, Gorizia hosts several important scientific and educational institutions. TheUniversity of Trieste,theUniversity of Udineand theUniversity of Nova Goricaall have part of their campuses and faculties located in Gorizia.
Gorizia is also the site of a choral competition, the "C. A. Seghizzi" International Choir Competition, which is a member of theEuropean Grand Prix for Choral Singing.[17]
Religion
edit
The majority of the population of Gorizia is ofRoman Catholicdenomination. The town is the seat of theArchbishop of Gorizia,who was one of the three legal descendants of the Patriarchate of Aquileia (along with thePatriarchate of Veniceand theArchdiocese of Udine). Between mid-18th century and 1920, Gorizia was thus the center of aMetropolitan bishopricthat comprised the Dioceses ofLjubljana,Trieste,Poreč-PulaandKrk.Religious figures who lived and worked in Gorizia during this period include CardinalJakob Missia,BishopFrančišek Borgia Sedej,theologiansAnton MahničandJosip Srebrnič,and theFranciscanfriar and philologianStanislav Škrabec.
There are many important Roman Catholic sacral buildings in the area, among them the sanctuaries ofSveta Gora( "Holy Mountain" ) and theKostanjevica Monastery,both of which are now located inSlovenia.
Until 1943, Gorizia had aJewishcommunity; most of its members were murdered inthe Holocaust.[18]ALutherancommunity exists in Gorizia.
Sports
editThe city was host of theEuroBasket 1979.
People
editAuthors
edit- France Bevk(1890–1970), writer, poet, and translator
- Andrej Budal(1889–1972), writer and translator
- Simon Gregorčič(1844–1906), poet
- Julius Kugy(1858–1944), writer andmountaineer
- Paolo Maurensig(1943–2021), novelist
- Fulvio Melia(born 1956), author
- Lorenzo Da Ponte(1749–1838), poet and librettist
Artists and architects
edit- Federiko Benković(1667–1753), painter
- Franz Caucig(1755–1828), painter
- Tullio Crali(1910–2000),Futuristartist
- Max Fabiani(1865–1962), architect
- Gojmir Anton Kos(1896–1970), painter
- Antonio Lasciac(1856–1946), architect
- Rodolfo Lipizer(1895–1974), violinist
- Nicolò Pacassi(1716–1790), architect
- Veno Pilon(1896–1970), painter
- Antonio Rotta(1828–1903), painter
- Henrika Šantel(1874–1940), painter
- Carlo Tavagnutti(born 1929), photographer
- Jožef Tominc(1790–1866), painter
Politicians and public servants
edit- Engelbert Besednjak(1894–1968), politician
- Darko Bratina(1942–1997), Slovene–Italian politician, sociologist, and film critic
- Baron Anton von Doblhoff-Dier(1800–1872), Austrian statesman
- Carlo Favetti(1819–1892), Italian liberal nationalist politician and poet
- Josip Ferfolja(1880–1958), Slovene Social Democrat politician, lawyer, and human rights activist
- Anton Füster(1808–1881), Austrian revolutionary activist, author, and pedagogue
- Karel Lavrič(1818–1876), Slovene politician and lawyer
- Tomaž Marušič(1932–2011), Slovene politician and lawyer
- Bogumil Vošnjak(1882–1955), Yugoslav liberal politician, lawyer, and historian
Religious figures
edit- Anton Mahnič(1850–1920), Catholic bishop, author, and political activist
- Isaac Samuel Reggio(1784–1855), scholar and rabbi
- Tobia Lionelli(1647–1714), Franciscan friar and preacher
- Antonio Zucchelli(1663–1716), missionary in theKingdom of Kongo
Scholars and scientists
edit- Graziadio Isaia Ascoli(1829–1907), linguist
- Franco Basaglia(1924–1980), psychiatrist
- Martin Baučer(1595–1668), historian
- Václav Bělohradský(born 1944), philosopher
- Milko Brezigar(1886–1958), economist
- Johannes Christian Brunnich(1866–1931), chemist
- Nello Cristianini(born 1968) scientist
- Jonathan Kaye (linguist)(born 1942), linguist
- Milko Kos(1892–1972), historian
- Branko Marušič(born 1938), historian
- Pietro Andrea Mattioli(1501–1577), naturalist
- Fulvio Melia(born 1956), astrophysicist
- Carlo Michelstaedter(1887–1910), philosopher
- Avgust Pirjevec(1887–1944), literary historian and librarian
- Carlo Rubbia(born 1934), physicist andNobel laureate
- Jožko Šavli(1943–2011), historian
- Vladimir Truhlar(1912–1977), poet and theologian
Sportspeople
edit- Paolo Camossi(born 1974), triple jumper
- Matej Černič(born 1978), volleyball player
- Barbara Lah(born 1972), triple jumper
- Armen Petrosyan(born 1986), kickboxer
- Giorgio Petrosyan(born 1985), kickboxer
- Gianmarco Pozzecco(born 1972), basketball player
- Edoardo Reja(born 1945), football coach and player
- Sergio Susmel (1923–1978), football player
- Luca Tomasig(born 1983), football player
- Francesco Vida(1903–1984), military officer and skier
- Paolo Vidoz(born 1970), boxer
- Elnardo Webster(born 1969), American football player
Others
edit- Lojze Bratuž(1902–1937), composer and anti-Fascist martyr
- Lucy Christalnigg(1872–1914) Red Cross worker
- Charles X of France(1757–1836), lastBourbonking of France
- Ferdo Delak(1905–1968), Slovene–Croatian stage director
- Nora Gregor(1901–1949), actress
- Sergej Mašera(1912–1941), lieutenant in theYugoslav Royal NavyandPeople's Hero of Yugoslavia
- Arturo Reggio(1863–1917), chess master
- Edvard Rusjan(1886–1911), aircraft constructor and pilot
- Karl von Scherzer(1821–1903), explorer and natural scientist
International relations
editTwin towns – sister cities
editGorizia istwinnedwith:[19][20]
Klagenfurt,Austria- Lienz,Austria
Grosseto,Italy- Sassari,Italy
Zalaegerszeg,Hungary
Venlo,Netherlands
See also
editReferences
edit- ^"Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011".Italian National Institute of Statistics.RetrievedMarch 16,2019.
- ^"Popolazione Residente al 1° Gennaio 2018".Italian National Institute of Statistics.RetrievedMarch 16,2019.
- ^Meinhof, Ulrike Hanna (2002).Living (with) Borders: Identity Discourses on East-West Borders in Europe.Aldershot: Ashgate. p. 50.
- ^Fidermuc, Katarina (May 14, 2017)."Za železnico lahko hkrati stojiš v dveh Goricah".Delo(in Slovenian).RetrievedDecember 27,2017.
- ^di Francesco Fain (May 12, 2011)."Patto Gorizia-Nova Gorica c-e la firma – Cronaca"(in Italian). Il Piccolo. Archived fromthe originalon March 10, 2012.RetrievedAugust 25,2012.
- ^Snoj, Marko (2009).Etimološki slovar slovenskih zemljepisnih imen.Ljubljana: Modrijan. p. 144.
- ^L'ultima estate, Nello Cristianini, 2014 –ISBN978-1495363924
- ^"L'ELENCO DEI MILLE DEPORATI IN SLOVENIA NEL 1945"(PDF).digilander.libero.it(in Italian). 2006.RetrievedJuly 10,2023.
- ^"Application Control Violation".Italian Air Force National Meteorological Service. Archived fromthe originalon November 23, 2018.RetrievedDecember 5,2013.[dead link]
- ^"Tabella CLINO".MeteoAM.RetrievedJune 22,2013.
- ^Branko Marušič,Pregled politične zgodovine Slovencev na Goriškem(Nova Gorica: Goriški muzej, 2005)
- ^http://www.sistory.si/publikacije/prenos/?urn=SISTORY:ID:836[bare URL PDF]
- ^ISTAT (ed.)."Demographic balance and foreign resident population as at 31 December 2022 by gender and citizenship".RetrievedJuly 31,2023.
- ^Cittadini stranierituttiitalia.it
- ^Lo spirito di Gorizia, esempio per l'Europa.avvenire.it
- ^Secondary School Legislation in Austria (1849-1914)zdjp.si
- ^59th “SEGHIZZI” International Choral singing competitionseghizzi.it
- ^"Gorizia".jewishvirtuallibrary.org.RetrievedDecember 10,2021.
- ^"Gemellaggi e collaborazioni".comune.gorizia.it(in Italian). Gorizia. Archived fromthe originalon June 11, 2022.RetrievedDecember 19,2019.
- ^"A settembre il gemellaggio tra Gorizia e Zalaegerszeg".ilpiccolo.gelocal.it(in Italian). Il Piccolo. July 14, 2014.RetrievedDecember 19,2019.
External links
edit
- Comune di Gorizia Official Homepage
- Pictures of Gorizia and information in English language
- Gorizia oggi: news from Gorizia
- Giovanni Maria Cassini (1791)."Lo Stato Veneto da terra diviso nelle sue provincie, seconda parte che comprede porzioni del Dogado del Trevisano del Friuli e dell' Istria".Rome: Calcografia camerale.(Map of Gorizia region).