Wikipedia

Harriet Miers

Harriet Ellan Miers(born August 10, 1945) is an American lawyer who served asWhite House counselto PresidentGeorge W. Bushfrom 2005 to 2007. A member of theRepublican Partysince 1988, she previously served asWhite House staff secretaryfrom 2001 to 2003 andWhite House Deputy Chief of Stafffor Policy from 2003 until 2005. In 2005, Miers was nominated by Bush to be anassociate justice of the Supreme Court of the United Statesto replace retiring JusticeSandra Day O'Connor,but—in the face of bipartisan opposition—asked Bush to withdraw her nomination. Following her withdrawal in 2007, Miers returned to private practice, becoming a partner in the litigation and public policy group atLocke Lord.

Harriet Miers
Official portrait, 2005
White House Counsel
In office
February 3, 2005 – January 31, 2007
PresidentGeorge W. Bush
Preceded byAlberto Gonzales
Succeeded byFred Fielding
White House Deputy Chief of Stafffor Policy
In office
June 6, 2003 – February 3, 2005
PresidentGeorge W. Bush
Preceded byJoshua Bolten
Succeeded byKarl Rove
White House Staff Secretary
In office
January 20, 2001 – June 6, 2003
PresidentGeorge W. Bush
Preceded byLisel Loy
Succeeded byBrett Kavanaugh
Chair of Texas Lottery Commission
In office
1995–2000
Member-at-LargeDallas City Council
In office
1989–1991
Personal details
Born
Harriet Ellan Miers

(1945-08-10)August 10, 1945(age 78)
Dallas,Texas,U.S.
Political partyRepublican
EducationSouthern Methodist University(BA,JD)

Early life and education

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Miers was born inDallasand spent most of her life there until she moved toWashington, D.C.,(2001) to work in theBush administration.She has described herself as a "Texan through and through."[1]She is the fourth of the five children ofreal estateinvestorHarris Wood Miers Sr., and his wife, the former Erma (Sally) Grace Richardson.[2]Miers graduated fromHillcrest High Schoolin Dallas in 1963.[3]

Miers enteredSouthern Methodist Universityintending to become ateacher.The economic plight of her family was so dire that she almost dropped out in her freshman year, but she was able to find part-time work that put her through college. Then, her father had a debilitatingstroke.When a lawyer helped organize her family's financial situation, Miers was inspired to enter law school.[4]In 1967, Miers graduated fromSouthern Methodist Universitywith abachelor's degreeinmathematics.In 1970, she graduated from itsDedman School of Lawwith aJuris Doctordegree (1970).[5]

Career

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In the summer of 1969, between her second and third years of law school, Miers worked as a clerk for Belli, Ashe, Ellison, Choulos & Lieff, the San Francisco law firm founded byMelvin Belli.Miers was immersed intortlaw. Her supervisor was Robert Lieff, then a partner in the Belli firm and later a founder of the nationally prominent plaintiffs' law firmLieff Cabraser.In a 2005 interview with theSan Francisco Chronicle,Lieff stated that Miers "saw what we did for people who needed to get a lawyer and were only able to get a lawyer by acontingent fee."[6]

After graduating from law school, from 1970 to 1972 Miers was alaw clerkfor the Chief Judge of theU.S. District Court for the Northern District of Texas,Joe E. Estes.[7]She was admitted to theState Bar of Texasin 1970 and admitted to the DC bar in 1997.

In the late 1990s, while Miers was on the advisory board for Southern Methodist University's law school, she helped create and fund a Women's Studies lecture series named after pioneering Texas lawyerLouise B. Raggio,who was a mentor to Miers.[8]Raggio, who died in 2011, knew Miers for nearly 40 years, since Miers was a student at Southern Methodist University. Miers was one class behind Raggio's son at SMU, and Raggio became a mentor for Miers; years later she served as a close advisor to Miers during the Texas Bar race. "I was interested in having a woman president," Raggio says. "She was an electable woman, a woman with a big firm behind her. Women's groups supported her because they wanted to show that a woman would be a competent president.".[9]

From 1972 until 2001 Miers worked for the Dallas law firm ofLocke, Liddell & Sapp(and predecessor firms before mergers). She was the first female lawyer hired by the firm and later became its president. When the merger that created Locke, Liddell & Sapp took place in 1999, she became the co-managing partner of a legal business with more than 400 lawyers. In 2000 the firm settled a lawsuit for $22 million that accused the firm of having "aided a client in defrauding investors".[10]According to theClass Action Reporter,Miers "said the firm denies liability in connection with its representation of Erxleben. 'Obviously, we evaluated that this was the right time to settle and to resolve this matter and that it was in the best interest of the firm to do so,' Miers said."[10]

As a commercial litigator, she represented clients includingMicrosoftand theWalt Disney Company.

In 1985, Miers became the first female president of the Dallas Bar Association. In 1992, Miers became the first woman to head the State Bar of Texas.[7]From 1989 to 1998, she headed the Board of Editors for theAmerican Bar Association Journal.[11]From 2000 to 2001, Miers chaired theABA's Commission on Multi-Jurisdictional Practice.[11]

In 1989, Miers formally registered with the Republican Party and was elected to a two-year term as an at-large member of the Dallas City Council.[11][12]She did not run for reelection in 1991 after a restructure of the city council converted Miers's at-large seat into a single-district seat.[13]

Miers metGeorge W. Bushin January 1989 at an annual Austin dinner affair for legislators and other important people.Nathan Hecht,a mutual friend and Miers's date, made the introduction. Miers subsequently worked as general counsel for Bush's transition team in 1994, when he was first electedGovernor of Texas.She subsequently became Bush's personal lawyer and worked as a lawyer in his2000 presidential campaign.

While head of the State Bar of Texas, Miers joined an unsuccessful effort to have theAmerican Bar Associationmaintain its then-official position of neutrality on abortion. The ABA had adopted abortion neutrality at its 1990 annual meeting in Chicago after strong opposition by the State Bar of Texas to a pro-choice position. By the summer of 1992, at its annual meeting in San Francisco, the issue was again pending before the ABA assembly. Miers, who had not been involved in the Chicago meeting, supported ABA abortion neutrality in San Francisco.[14]At the San Francisco meeting, the ABA Assembly and House of Delegates voted to take a pro-choice rights position, and the state bar of Texas dropped its plans to ask the ABA's policy-making body to hold a referendum of the group's 370,000 members on the issue.[15]

Since September 1994, Miers has contributed to the campaigns of various Republicans (at about the same time she began to work for George W. Bush), includingKay Bailey Hutchison,Phil Gramm,andPete Sessions,with recorded contributions to Republican candidates and causes totaling nearly $12,000. Her earlier political history shows support for theDemocratsduring the 1980s, with recorded contributions to Democratic candidates and causes, including theDemocratic National Committee,the Senate campaign ofLloyd Bentsenand the1988 presidential campaignofAl Gore,totaling $3,000. Her last recorded contribution to a Democratic cause or campaign was in 1988.Ed Gillespiesaid that she was a "conservative Democrat" at the time.

In April 2007,Locke Lord Bissell & Liddellannounced that Miers was returning to the firm.[16]In her new role at the firm, Miers has registered with theUnited States Department of Justiceas an agent for thePakistan Peoples Partyand theEmbassy of Pakistan.[17]

Government service

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In 1995, George W. Bush, then Texas governor, appointed Miers to chair theTexas LotteryCommission. Some have credited Miers with reforming the commission after a previous corruption scandal.[18]

Her tenure has also been criticized. In 1997, the commission under Miers hired Lawrence Littwin as executive director but fired him five months later. At the time, the contract to operate the lottery was held by the politically connectedGTech Corporation,[19]which had obtained the contract with the help of a formerLieutenant Governor of Texas(DemocratBen Barnes).[20]Littwin, as director, began an investigation into whether GTech had made illegal campaign contributions and whether GTech owed the commission millions of dollars for breaches of its contract. He stated that Miers ordered him to stop the investigation. He brought a lawsuit alleging that he was fired in retaliation for the investigation and to ensure that GTech would keep its contract.[21]

According toTexans for Public Justice,GTech paid Littwin $300,000 to settle the suit.[22]

Miers resigned from the lottery commission in early 2000, a year before her term ended. She said her resignation had nothing to do with lagging sales in the system's biggest game,Lotto Texas,but rather that she wanted to allow her successor time to prepare for rebidding the lottery's primary operator contract.

There was some speculation during Bush's 2000 campaign that Bush would appoint Miers to the position of Attorney General. This was seen as possible with her trusted role as Bush's personal attorney and her many appointments during his tenure as governor. This also recalledWilliam French Smith,who was Ronald Reagan's personal attorney before being named Attorney General. Miers was not chosen andJohn Ashcroftbecame Attorney General instead.

In January 2001, Miers did follow Bush toWashington, D.C.,serving as Assistant to the President and Staff Secretary during the first two years of his presidency. In that role, she opposed the administration's 2001 decision to stop cooperating with the ABArating of judicial nominees.In 2003, she was appointed Deputy Chief of Staff for Policy. In November 2004, Bush named her to succeedAlberto Gonzales,his nominee forAttorney General,to the post of White House Counsel, the chief legal adviser for theOffice of the President.

Miers is said to be one of Bush's closest personal friends and appears given to effusive praise for the President. According to former Bush speechwriterDavid Frum,Miers has called Bush the most brilliant man she had ever met[23]and says he was the "best Governor ever."[24]She also stated that "serving President Bush and Mrs. Bush is an impossible-to-describe privilege" and noted that Bush's personal qualities "make a brighter future for our nation and people all around the world possible."[25]

Miers's last public speech before her nomination was given to theNorth Dallas Chamber of Commerceon June 2, 2005.

Supreme Court nomination and withdrawal

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Main article:Harriet Miers Supreme Court nomination
President George W. Bush nominates Harriet Miers on October 3, 2005.

On July 1, 2005,Supreme CourtJusticeSandra Day O'Connorannounced her intention to retire upon the confirmation of a successor. Bush appointed Miers as head of the search committee for candidates. On July 19, BushnominatedJohn Robertsto replace O'Connor. However, several weeks later,Chief JusticeWilliam Rehnquistdied ofthyroid cancer.Bush then withdrew Roberts from consideration as O'Connor's replacement, instead nominating Roberts to fill the Chief Justice vacancy. The Senate confirmed Roberts on September 29.

Meanwhile, Bush considered nominating Miers as O'Connor's successor, factoring into account bipartisan suggestions by SenatorsArlen SpecterandPatrick Leahy,that the nominee should come from outside theappellate court system.[26]This caused several commentators to draw parallels with the 2000 election, whenDick Cheney,the head of Bush's vice-presidential search committee, was ultimately selected as the running mate.[26]

On October 3, 2005, Bush nominated Miers to serve as an associate justice of the Supreme Court, saying, "Harriet Miers will be the type of judge I said I would nominate: a good conservative judge."[27]Miers's nomination was criticized by people of various political views for the fact that she had never served as a judge at any level, her perceived lack of intellectual rigor, her close personal ties to Bush, and her lack of a clear record on issues likely to be encountered as a Supreme Court Justice. Many notable conservatives vigorously criticized her nomination, and numerous conservative groups normally considered part of Bush'spolitical baseplanned to mount an organized opposition campaign.

Miers met with theSenate Judiciary Committeeafter her nomination and in those meetings she was ill-prepared and uninformed on the law.[28]SenatorTom Coburntold her privately that she "flunked" and "[was] going to have to say something next time."[28]Miers had difficulty expressing her views and explaining basic constitutional law concepts.[29]Miers had no experience in constitutional law and did not have extensive litigation experience; at her Texas law firm, she had been more of a manager.[30]In addition, Miers had rarely handled appeals and did not understand the complicated constitutional questions senators asked of her.[30]To White House lawyers, Miers was "less an attorney than a law firm manager and bar association president."[31]

In an unprecedented move,Senate Judiciary CommitteeChairmanArlen Specterand ranking DemocratPatrick Leahyalso requested that Miers re-do some of her answers to the questionnaire submitted to her by the Committee, noting that her responses were "inadequate", "insufficient", and "insulting" because she failed or refused to adequately answer various questions with acceptable accuracy or with sufficient detail.[32]Miers also was claimed to have privately expressed a belief in the right to privacy to the pro-choice Arlen Specter, only to later deny that she had communicated that position.[33]Her answers also included an error on constitutional law where she mentioned an explicit constitutional right for proportional representation; though many court rulings have found that legislative and other districts of unequal population violate theequal protection clause,the right to proportional districts is not explicitly mentioned in the United States Constitution.[34]

Overall, Miers received an unfavorable response in private meetings with senators. Republican senatorsLindsey GrahamandSam Brownbackthen drafted a letter asking the President's office to turn over legal memoranda and briefs Miers had written for Bush, in order to elucidate her views on political matters.[35]Brownback and Graham knew the memos were protected by executive privilege, that the White House was not required to turn them over, and that Miers could refuse to deliver the memos and then ostensibly step down on principle.[35]Miers would later use this request as part of a face-saving exit strategy for stepping down. In her letter withdrawing her nomination, she pointed to the senators' request for confidential documents as potentially damaging the executive branch's independence.[36]On October 19, 2005, Specter and Leahy announced their intent to begin confirmation hearings for Miers on November 7, 2005.[37]

Speaking withNBC News'Meet the Presson October 23, 2005, SenatorChuck Schumer(D-NY) said: "...if you were to hold the vote today, she would not get a majority, either in the Judiciary Committee or on the floor."[38]However, speaking onCBS News'Face the Nationthe same day, committee chair Specter said that most senators were waiting for the hearings before making up their mind.[39]

On October 27, 2005, Miers asked President Bush to withdraw her nomination,[40]citing fears that the nomination would create a "burden for the White House and its staff".[41]President Bush stated that the Senate's interest in internal White House documents "would undermine a president's ability to receive candid counsel" and that he had "reluctantly accepted" her request.[42]Miers was the first Supreme Court nominee to withdraw under duress sinceDouglas H. Ginsburgin 1987.[43]

Bush then nominatedSamuel Alitofor the seat on October 31, 2005. The Senate subsequently confirmed Alito on January 31, 2006.[44]Miers remained asWhite House Counselfor another year until announcing her resignation on January 4, 2007.[45]

See also:George W. Bush Supreme Court candidates

Resignation and departure from the White House

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Joshua B. Bolten,upon becoming President Bush's chief of staff in April 2006, pressed for Miers's resignation, but Bush rejected the idea. After the 2006 elections, when Democrats won a majority of both chambers of Congress, Bolten asked again for her departure, arguing that the president needed an aggressive lawyer and increased staff for the Office of Legal Counsel to fend off congressional inquiries and subpoenas. The second effort succeeded; Miers announced her resignation January 4, 2007 and left January 31, 2007.[46][47][48]In April 2007, Miers rejoined her previous firm, Locke Liddell & Sapp, and became a partner in its litigation and public policy group. She maintains offices in Austin, Dallas, and Washington, D.C. The firm is now known asLocke Lord.

Dismissal of U.S. attorneys controversy

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See also:Dismissal of U.S. attorneys controversy
Dismissal of U.S. attorneys controversy

Kyle Sampson,chief of staff toAttorney GeneralAlberto R. Gonzales,wrote to Miers in January 2006 to recommend that the Department of Justice and the Office of the Counsel to the President work together to seek the replacement of a limited number of U.S. Attorneys, saying that limiting the number of attorneys "targeted for removal and replacement" would "mitigat[e] the shock to the system that would result from an across-the-board firing."[49]In March 2007 the White House had suggested that the plan came from Miers, who had left the White House in January 2007, before the dismissal received public attention.[49]The firings have led to Congressional investigations regarding thedismissals.

On June 13, 2007, the Senate and House Judiciary Committees issued subpoenas to Miers and toSara M. Taylor,former deputy assistant to President Bush and the White House director of political affairs, asking them to produce documents and appear before the committees to testify about what role, if any, both may have had in the U.S. Attorney firings controversy. Miers was requested to appear before the Senate Judiciary Committee on July 11, 2007. The White House reiterated its longstanding demand that no past or present White House officials would be permitted to testify under oath before the panels, and that private interviews, not under oath, and without transcripts would be permitted. The Chairs of the House and Senate Judiciary Committees reiterated that the White House terms were unacceptable.[50]Ranking member of the Senate Judiciary CommitteeArlen Specter (R-PA)said that the committee had "really had no response from the White House" regarding possible testimony on the firing of several U.S. attorneys, and that had prompted the subpoena to compel a response. Miers refused to appear before Congress because Bush ordered her not to.[51][52]On Wednesday, July 25, 2007, theHouse Judiciary Committeevoted 22–17 to cite Miers forcontempt of Congressfor her failure to appear before the committee in response to its subpoena.[53]On February 14, 2008, the full House of Representatives voted to cite her for contempt by a vote of 223–32. Many Republicans walked out of the chamber in protest, deriding the priorities of the speaker in calling the vote, as opposed to a vote on a surveillance bill.[54]

On March 4, 2009, Miers and formerDeputy Chief of Staffto President BushKarl Roveagreed to testify under oath before Congress about the firings of U.S. attorneys.[55]

Personal life

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Miers is a close friend of formerSecretary of StateCondoleezza Riceand formerSecretary of AgricultureAnn Veneman.Texas Supreme CourtJusticeNathan Hechthas known her for more than 25 years. After Miers's nomination to the Supreme Court, Hecht was cited as an unofficial spokesperson representing her views.

In 1979, after she made partner in her law firm, she became an evangelical Christian after a series of long discussions with Hecht, who was her colleague at the firm.[56]

See also

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References

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Works cited
  • Greenburg, Jan Crawford (2008) [2007].Supreme Conflict: The Inside Story of the Struggle for Control of the United States Supreme Court.New York: Penguin.ISBN9780143113041.OCLC166382420.
Notes
  1. ^Borger, Julian (October 4, 2005)."Bush offers crucial supreme court seat to his former lawyer".The Guardian.London.Retrieved2007-01-04.
  2. ^Robert Battle."Ancestry of Harriet Miers".William Addams Reitwiesner Genealogical Services.Retrieved2008-07-28.
  3. ^Goodwyn, Wade (October 17, 2005)."Miers' Texas Past and Controversy Today".All Things Considered.NPR.Archivedfrom the original on October 23, 2005.RetrievedFebruary 26,2022.
  4. ^Todd S. Purdum and Neil A. Lewis (October 4, 2005)."Miers Known as a Hard-Working Advocate for the President".The New York Times.Archived fromthe originalon March 31, 2006.RetrievedFebruary 26,2022.
  5. ^"Who is Harriet Miers".ABC News.2005-10-27.Archivedfrom the original on December 15, 2005.
  6. ^Bob Egelko (October 5, 2005)."Miers interned with Melvin Belli but returned to Dallas".San Francisco Chronicle. Archived fromthe originalon August 10, 2007.RetrievedFebruary 26,2022.
  7. ^abLibrary, CNN (September 19, 2013)."Harriet Miers Fast Facts".CNN.RetrievedFebruary 26,2022.{{cite web}}:|first=has generic name (help)
  8. ^Schmidt, Peter (October 6, 2005)."Supreme Court Nominee Helped Set Up Lecture Series That Brought Leading Feminists to Southern Methodist U."Chronicle of Higher Education.Archived fromthe originalon February 16, 2006.RetrievedFebruary 26,2022.
  9. ^"Will Miers help topple Roe v. Wade?".Salon.com.October 19, 2005. Archived fromthe originalon May 9, 2007.Retrieved2007-01-04.
  10. ^ab"LOCKE LIDDELL: $ 22 Mil Settlement Serves as Warning to Other Law Firms".Class Action Reporter.2(83). InterNet Bankruptcy Library. May 1, 2000. Archived fromthe originalon August 18, 2000.RetrievedFebruary 26,2022.
  11. ^abcMiers, Harriet."United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary Nominee for the Supreme Court of the United States [Questionnaire]"(PDF).RetrievedFebruary 26,2022– via NYTimes.com.
  12. ^"Harriet Miers Oral History".Miller Center. February 1, 2013.RetrievedMay 1,2022.
  13. ^Levinthal, Dave; Housewright, Ed (October 8, 2005)."On council, Miers reserved to a point".The Dallas Morning News.p. 1A.RetrievedFebruary 26,2022– via Newslibrary.
  14. ^Toner, Robin (October 4, 2005)."Miers Was Leader in Effort Within Bar to Rescind Support for Abortion".The New York Times.
  15. ^"Lawyers Drop Request For Aba Abortion Poll"Orlando Sentinel
  16. ^Gillman, Todd J.; Torbenson, Eric (April 18, 2007)."Miers returning to law firm".The Dallas Morning News.Archived fromthe originalon May 20, 2007.RetrievedFebruary 26,2022.
  17. ^Eisenberg, Carol (August 19, 2008)."Harriet Miers goes to bat for Pakistan".Muckety.Archived fromthe originalon August 23, 2008.
  18. ^Julian Borger (October 4, 2005)."Bush offers crucial supreme court seat to his former lawyer".The Guardian.London. Archived fromthe originalon October 7, 2008.Retrieved2007-01-04.
  19. ^"It's rollover time for the Lottery".The Observer.London. Archived fromthe originalon April 18, 2001.RetrievedFebruary 26,2022.
  20. ^Lardner, George Jr. (September 21, 1999)."Texas Speaker Reportedly Helped Bush Get Into Guard".The Washington Post.Archivedfrom the original on March 12, 2012.RetrievedFebruary 26,2022.
  21. ^"76(R) HCR 153 Introduced version - Bill Text".Archived fromthe originalon 2006-08-27.Retrieved2006-08-27.
  22. ^Texans for Public Justice (October 2000)."Governor Bush's Well-Appointed Texas Officials: Well-Appointed State Boards".Texans for Public Justice. Archived fromthe originalon January 30, 2004.RetrievedFebruary 26,2022.
  23. ^David Frum."Sep. 29, 2005: Justice Miers?".Archived fromthe originalon 2006-11-15.
  24. ^"Documents Show Supreme Court Nominee's Close Ties to Bush".The New York Times.October 11, 2005.RetrievedMay 4,2010.
  25. ^Savage, David G. (October 18, 2005)."In Speeches, Miers Heaped Praise on President".Los Angeles Times.RetrievedMay 4,2010.
  26. ^ab"Bush picks White House counsel for Supreme Court".CNN. October 4, 2005.Retrieved2007-01-04.
  27. ^"Bush Works to Reassure G.O.P. Over Nominee for Supreme Court".The New York Times.October 9, 2005.
  28. ^abGreenburg 2008,p. 278.
  29. ^Greenburg 2008,pp. 278–279.
  30. ^abGreenburg 2008,p. 279.
  31. ^Greenburg 2008,p. 280.
  32. ^Greenburg 2008,p. 281.
  33. ^Greenburg 2008,pp. 280–281.
  34. ^Babington, Charles; Fletcher, Michael A. (October 20, 2005)."Senators Assail Miers's Replies, Ask for Details".The Washington Post.Archived fromthe originalon October 24, 2005.RetrievedFebruary 26,2022.
  35. ^abGreenburg 2008,p. 282.
  36. ^Greenburg 2008,p. 284.
  37. ^"More controversy over Miers".CNN. October 18, 2005. Archived fromthe originalon October 24, 2005.RetrievedFebruary 25,2022.
  38. ^"Transcript for October 23".Meet the Press.NBC News. October 23, 2005. Archived fromthe originalon October 29, 2005.RetrievedFebruary 25,2022.
  39. ^"Senator: Miers Lacks Votes To Win".CBS News. October 23, 2005. Archived fromthe originalon February 15, 2006.RetrievedFebruary 25,2022.
  40. ^Markels, Alex (27 October 2005)."Why Miers Withdrew as Supreme Court Nominee".NPR.org.
  41. ^"Harriet Miers withdrawal letter".msnbc.com.October 27, 2005.
  42. ^"CNN.com - Miers withdraws Supreme Court nomination - Oct 28, 2005".edition.cnn.com.
  43. ^Cooper, Matthew (October 27, 2005)."Behind the Miers Withdrawal".Time.RetrievedMarch 28,2022.
  44. ^Glass, Andrew (October 31, 2013)."Bush nominates Alito, Oct. 31, 2005".Politico.
  45. ^"Bush's top lawyer Miers resigns".BBC. 2007-01-04.Retrieved2007-01-04.
  46. ^Johnston, David and Sheryl Gay Stolberg.Gonzales Seems Confident He Will Stay, Officials SayThe New York TimesMay 10, 2007. Retrieved May 10, 2007.
  47. ^Baker, Peter; R. Jeffrey Smith (January 5, 2007)."Miers Steps Down As White House Gears Up for Battle".The New York Times.pp. A01.Retrieved2007-05-23.
  48. ^Madway, Gabriel (January 4, 2007)."Miers Resigns As White House Counsel".Market Watch.Retrieved2007-05-23.
  49. ^abEggen, Dan; John Solomon (March 13, 2007)."Firings Had Genesis in White House Ex-Counsel Miers First Suggested Dismissing Prosecutors 2 Years Ago, Documents Show".The Washington Post.p. Page A01.Retrieved2007-03-13.
  50. ^Stout, David (June 13, 2007)."Congress Subpoenas Miers and Another Former Bush Aide".The New York Times.Retrieved2007-06-13.
  51. ^Marre, Klaus (June 13, 2007)."Specter endorses subpoena of White House official".The Hill.Capitol Hill Publishing. Archived fromthe originalon June 3, 2008.Retrieved2007-06-14.
  52. ^"Senate Judiciary Committee Subpoena of Harriet Miers".Gonzales Watch. 2007-06-13. Archived fromthe originalon June 29, 2007.Retrieved2007-06-13.
  53. ^Stout, David (July 25, 2007)."Panel Holds Two Bush Aides in Contempt".The New York Times.Retrieved2010-09-22.The House Judiciary Committee voted today to seek contempt of Congress citations against a top aide to President Bush and a former presidential aide over their refusal to cooperate in an inquiry about the firing of federal prosecutors.... president's chief of staff, and Harriet E. Miers
  54. ^Shenon, Philip (February 15, 2008)."House Votes to Issue Contempt Citations".The New York Times.RetrievedMay 4,2010.
  55. ^"Karl Rove, Harriet Miers To Testify Before House Judiciary Committee".HuffPost.
  56. ^Ed Wyatt and Simone Romero ofThe New York Times(August 29, 2010)."A BORN-AGAIN NOMINEE".San Francisco Chronicle. Archived fromthe originalon August 10, 2007.
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