Hebrew school

Hebrew schoolisJewisheducation focusing on topics ofJewish history,learning theHebrew language,and finally learning one'sTorah Portion,in preparation for the ceremony inJudaismof entering adulthood, known as aBarorBat Mitzvah.Hebrew school is usually taught in dedicated classrooms at asynagogue,under the instruction of a Hebrew teacher (who may or may not be fluent in Hebrew), and often receives support from thecantorfor learning the ancient chanting of a student's Torah portion, and from therabbiduring their ceremony since they must read from aTorah scroll,which has noHebrewvowels, and very close together text and minimal line spacing; making it very challenging for almost anyone to read from.

Hebrew school can be either an educational regimen separate from secular education similar to the ChristianSunday school,education focusing on topics ofJewish historyand learning theHebrew language,or a primary, secondary or college level educational institution where some or all of the classes are taught in Hebrew.The first usage is more common in the United States, while the second is used elsewhere outsideIsrael,for example, in reference to theColegio Hebreo UnióninBarranquilla,Colombia, or theAssociated Hebrew Schoolsin Toronto.

Background and history

According to an article in theJewish Quarterly Reviewentitled "The Jewish Sunday School Movement in the United States" and printed in 1900, "the exact beginning of the American Jewish Sunday schools is obscured by uncertainty and difficulty of opinion",though it is largely credited with the works ofRebecca Gratz,a Philadelphia native, who sought to provide Jewish schooling to those most in need. As students received secular schooling, Gratz understood the need to provide Jewish history and Jewish traditions to those most lacking a basic understanding in Jewish education. In fact, Jewish Sunday school grew largely in response to Christian Sunday school, as a means of providing proper Jewish education to students who otherwise lacked any religious grounding in Jewish traditions and history or lacked the financial means necessary to attend such a school.As a devout Jew, Gratz dedicated her life to helping the poor and neglected. In 1818, "under the sponsorship of theFemale Hebrew Benevolent Society of Philadelphia,the Hebrew Sunday School Society of Philadelphia was created on 4 March, her birthday, with about 60 students ".To this day, Rebecca Gratz is referenced as "the foremost American Jewess of her day".

Curriculum overview

Hebrew school is typically taught on Sunday and on one day of the week – either Tuesday or Wednesday – in the late afternoon, followingsecular educationinprivateorpublic schools.Hebrew school education developed in the 1800s and is largely credited toRebecca Gratz.

Today, typical Hebrew school education starts in kindergarten and culminates in the 10th grade withconfirmation.While the idea of confirmation largely grew out ofReform Judaism,it is largely practiced by both the Reform andConservativemovements today. It is based in the Reform and Conservative movements and therefore not practiced in theJewish Orthodoxmovement. Instead, Orthodox students attend daily religious schools such asyeshivas,where they study Jewish texts likeTorahand theTalmudin greater depth. Orthodox schooling often prepares young boys to become rabbis and involves a deeper level of study than Hebrew school education provides. Whereas both boys and girls study in Hebrew schools in aco-educationalenvironment, education in the Orthodox community is based onsingle-sex education,with greater emphasis placed on traditional roles for men andwomen.Some Orthodox congregations offer Hebrew school for non-Orthodox students, such as the TAG Hebrew schools common inChabad houses.

Kindergarten and first grade

During kindergarten and first grade, students are introduced to majorJewish holidaysand thealeph-bet(Hebrew alphabet). Usually learning at this young age relies on a number of hands-on activities such as crafts, music, cooking and storytelling to engage young learners. Children will often sing songs in Hebrew to improve their Hebrew speaking skills and memory of Hebrew words. Additionally, students might learn thealeph-betthrough puzzles and other fun activities.In addition to learning the Hebrew alphabet, children will also learn how to count to ten, how to identify major body parts, learn theirHebrew namesand be able to recite prayers such as the blessings forShabbat.In first grade, students will learn Torah stories such as Adam and Eve, andJoseph in Egypt.First grade is sometimes referred to as "grade aleph", corresponding to the first letter in the Hebrew alphabet.

Second grade through fifth grade

During these years, students build on a variety of skills and knowledge they have learned as youngsters while learning new skills like reading Hebrew, reciting common prayers such as theShemaandV'ahavta,and learning by heart the blessings over the candles, wine and bread. Students learn the concept oftzedakah(charity), become acquainted with Jewish rituals and customs, and gain a better understanding ofJewish historyand the land ofIsrael.Classes may also include lessons on Jewish ethics and morality. In the earlier years of Hebrew school, children will explore God, spirituality and ethics. For example, God is one, God created the world, and God brought us out of Egypt. In order to make Hebrew school a fun atmosphere for learning, and to teach children themitzvotof Judaism, children will bakechallahfor Shabbat, have class in asukkahduringSukkot,or light candles during Hanukkah. These experiences teach children about the holidays and mitzvot better than just reading about them.

Bar/Bat Mitzvah preparation

One of the most important events to take place during Jewish education is the celebration of theBar and Bat Mitzvah.Bar/Bat Mitzvah education begins in the 6th and 7th grade, when students are provided with an instructor – usually a rabbi orcantor– and begin studying their torah andhaftorahportionby learning to usecantillation,a system for chanting sacred texts.Oftentimes children will attend Hebrew school with the sole purpose of learning how to read Hebrew for their Bar/Bat Mitzvah. In these cases, the students will mostly learn the Hebrew words that are in the Torah portion they will be reciting.

See also

• Arabic language school
• Chinese school
• Hindi language school
• Jewish day school