 | This is thepronunciation keyforIPAtranscriptions of Afrikaans on Wikipedia. It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Afrikaans in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishingconsensuson thetalk pagefirst. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, seeHelp:IPA.For the distinction between[ ],/ /and ⟨⟩, seeIPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. |
The charts below show the way in which theInternational Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)representsAfrikaanspronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, seeTemplate:IPAandWikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.
SeeAfrikaans phonologyfor a more thorough look at the sounds of Afrikaans, as well as dialectal variations that are not represented here.
| Consonants | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| IPA | Examples | Examples in IPA | English approximation |
| b | beet | bɪə̯t | beet |
| d | dak | dak | duck |
| f | fiets,ver | fit͡s,fæːr | far |
| ɦ | hoekom | ˈɦukɔm | behind |
| j | ja | jaː | yes |
| k | kat | kat | skin |
| l | land | ɫant | land |
| m | man | man | man |
| n | nek | næk | neck |
| ŋ | eng | æŋ | long |
| p | pen,rib,lip | pæn,rɪp,lɪp | sport |
| r | ras | ras | No equivalent, rolled R as in some varieties of Scottish English |
| s | sak,seep | sak,sɪə̯p | sock |
| ʃ | sjabloon,sjef | ʃaˈbluə̯m,ʃæːf | shall |
| t | tak,hond | tak,ɦɔnt | stop |
| tʃ | Tsjeggië,tjek | ˈʧæχiə,ʧæːk | chat |
| χ | generaal,weg | χɛnəˈrɑːl,væːχ | loch(Scottish English) |
| v | wang | vaŋ | van |
| ʒ | visueel | vəʒœˈɪə̯ɫ | vision |
| Marginal consonants | |||
| ʔ | beïnvloed | bəˈʔənflut | the catch inuh-oh! |
| dʒ | djihad | ˈʤiɦat | jump |
| ɡ | ghries[1],berge,erger | gris,ˈbærgə,ˈærgər | goal |
| w | kwaad | kwɑːt | water |
| z | Zoeloe | ˈzuːlu | zoo |
| Stress | |||
| ˈ | vóórkom voorkóm |
ˈfuə̯rkɔm | as in South-African or Britishcommandeer ˌkɒmənˈdiə̯ |
| ˌ | ˌfuə̯rˈkɔm | ||
| Vowels | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IPA | Examples | Examples IPA | English approximation | ||
| South-African English | Received Pronunciation | General American | |||
| Monophthongs(oral) | |||||
| a | bad | bat | up | No equivalent, similar toquack,however pronounced further down in the mouth | |
| ɑː | aap | ɑːp | father | ||
| æ | ek,bel,reg,blerrie | æk,bæɫ,ræχ,ˈbɫærːi | back | ||
| æː | perd,ver,wêreld,bêre | pæːrt,fæːr,ˈvæːrəɫt,ˈbæːrə | jazz | fat | |
| ɛ | met | mɛt | met | dress | |
| ɛː | nè,mens,hê | nɛː,mɛns(although in many accentsmɛ̃ːs),ɦɛː | No equivalent, similar tosquare,however pronounced further down in the mouth | square | bread |
| ə | vis,hemel,vanaand[2] | fəs,ˈɦɪə̯məɫ,fəˈnɑːnt | again | ||
| əː | wîe[3] | ˈvəːə | fur | In some accents the lengtheneduh,and in othersuhfurther forward in the mouth | fur |
| i | polisie | puˈlisi | deep | concrete | deep |
| iː | spieël,bier[4] | spiːl,biːr | need | ||
| ɔ | bot | bɔt | thought | No equivalent, roughly as in Scottish, Irish, or South-Africanthoughtorlaw | |
| ɔː | môre[5] | ˈmɔːrə | law | ||
| œ | hut | ɦœt | Roughly as inbook | Roughly as inbird | |
| œː | rûe[5] | ˈrœːə | |||
| u | hoed,polisie | ɦut,puˈlisi | boot | fool, cool | No equivalent, roughly as in Scottish, Irish, or South-Africanbootorcool |
| uː | koeël,moer[4] | kuːɫ,muːr | cool | ||
| y | nuut | nyt | roughly likecute | ||
| yː | uur[4] | yːr | roughly liketrue;Germanüber | ||
| Monophthongs(nasal) | |||||
| ɑ̃ː | dans | dɑ̃ːs(in some dialectsdɑns) | No equivalent, long nasalized[ɑ];Frenchsans | ||
| ɛ̃ː | mens | mɛ̃ːs(in some dialectsmɛns) | No equivalent, long nasalized[ɛ];Frenchvin | ||
| ɔ̃ː | spons | spɔ̃ːs(in some dialectsspɔns) | No English equivalent, nasalized[ɔː];Frenchdupont | ||
| Diphthongs | |||||
| ai | baie | ˈbai̯ə | No equivalent, roughly as in American or Englishprice | price | |
| ɑːɪ | braai | brɑːɪ̯ | prize | ||
| ɛɪ | rys,reis | rɛɪ̯s,rɛɪ̯s | may | ||
| ɪə | eer,ere | ɪə̯r,ˈɪə̯rə | ear | No equivalent, roughly as in South-African or Britishear | ear |
| ɪø | seun | sɪø̯n | Roughly likefearin some (non-standard) accents, no good English equivalent | ||
| iu | eeu | iu̯ | ew | ||
| oːɪ | nooi | noːɪ̯ | boy | ||
| œɪ | ui | œɪ̯ | house(Scottish English) | ||
| əu | ou | əu̯ | boat | No equivalent, roughly as in South-African or Britishboat | boat |
| uə | so,boot | suə̯,buə̯t | poor(as in poverty) | No equivalent, roughly as in South-African or Britishpoor | poor |
Notes
edit- ^/ɡ/is not a native phoneme of Afrikaans; it occurs only in loanwords likegholfor as an allophone of/χ/at the end of suffixed root nouns or adjectives when both preceded by a short vowel + R cluster and followed by a schwa.
- ^In words which feature a short vowel preceding its longer form (like invanaand,tamatieandbobotie), the short vowel is neutralised (Donaldson (1993:4, 6)).
- ^/əː/occurs in no other word (Donaldson (1993:7)).
- ^abcAs phonemes,/iː/and/uː/occur only inspieëlandkoeël,respectively. In other cases,[iː]and[uː]occur as allophones of/i/and/u/before/r/./y/is also lengthened to[yː]before/r/(Donaldson (1993:4–6)).
- ^ab/œː/and/ɔː/occur only in a few words (Donaldson (1993:7).
References
edit- Donaldson, Bruce C. (1993). "1. Pronunciation".A Grammar of Afrikaans.Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. pp. 1–35.ISBN978-3-11-0134261.Retrieved16 April2017.
- Lass, Roger (1987). "Intradiphthongal Dependencies". In Anderson, John; Durand, Jaques (eds.).Explorations in Dependency Phonology.Dordrecht: Foris Publications Holland. pp. 109–131.ISBN9067652970.Retrieved16 April2017.
- Wissing, Daan (2016)."Afrikaans phonology – segment inventory".Taalportaal.Archivedfrom the original on 15 April 2017.Retrieved16 April2017.