Highclere Castle/ˈhaɪklɪər/is aGrade I listedcountry housebuilt in 1679 and largely renovated in the 1840s, with a park designed byCapability Brownin the 18th century. The 5,000-acre (2,000 ha) estate is inHighclereinHampshire,England, about 5 miles (8 km) south ofNewbury,Berkshire, and 9.5 miles (15 km) north ofAndover,Hampshire. The 19th-century renovation is in aJacobethanandItalianatestyle produced by architectCharles Barry.It is the country seat of theEarls of Carnarvon,a branch of theAnglo-WelshHerbert family.
| Highclere Castle | |
|---|---|
 Highclere in 2019 | |
  Location within Hampshire | |
| General information | |
| Status | Grade I listed[1] |
| Type | Stately home |
| Architectural style | Jacobethan ( "Jacobean Revival" ) |
| Location | Highclere,Hampshire |
| Coordinates | 51°19′36″N1°21′41″W/ 51.326667°N 1.361389°W |
| Completed | 1679 |
| Renovated | 1842–49 |
| Owner | The 8th Earl of Carnarvon |
| Other information | |
| Number of rooms | 300[2] |
| Website | |
| www | |
Highclere Castle has been used as a filming location for several films and television series, including 1990s comedy seriesJeeves and Wooster,and achieved international fame as the main location for the ITV historical drama seriesDownton Abbey(2010–15) and the2019and2022films based on it.
The house, Egyptian exhibition, and gardens are open to the public for self-guided tours during the summer months and at other times during the rest of the year, such as Christmas and Easter.[3]The house also holds ticketed events, such as the Battle Proms picnic concert, and special guided tours throughout the year.[3]
History
edit
Early years
editThe first written records about the estate are dated 749, when an Anglo-Saxon king granted the estate to theBishops of Winchester.[4]The original site was also recorded in theDomesday Bookof 1086.[5]In the late 14th centuryWilliam of Wykeham,Bishop of Winchester, built a medieval palace (bishop's residence) and gardens in the park.[4][6]An itinerary of KingEdward IIlists him as spending 2 September 1320 withRigaud of Assier,the Bishop of Winchester, at Bishop's Clere, alias Highclere. The same tour has him on 31 August 1320 atSandlefordPriory, where he apparently stayed for the night,[7]and on 29 and 30 August he was atCrookham, Berkshire.[8]In 1551 during theEnglish ReformationKingEdward VIconfiscated the property from theChurch of England.[6]
Robert Sawyer
editOriginally granted by the king to the Fitzwilliam family, Highclere Castle had several owners during the next 125 years.[6]
The palace was rebuilt as Place House in 1679 when it was purchased bySir Robert Sawyer,theAttorney Generalto Charles II and James II, who was a lawyer, MP,Speaker,and college friend ofSamuel Pepys.[9]In 1692, Sawyer bequeathed the mansion at Highclere to his only daughter, Margaret Sawyer, the first wife of the8th Earl of Pembroke, Thomas Herbert.Their second son,Robert Sawyer Herbert,inherited Highclere, began its portrait collection and created the garden temples. His nephew and heirHenry Herbertwas createdBaron Porchesterand later Earl of Carnarvon byGeorge III.
Milles and Pococke families
editIn 1680 Sir Robert Sawyer presented the living of Highclere to the Rev.Isaac Milles(1638–1720) the elder, who remained there till his death. White Oak was the parsonage where Milles took pupils, including the many children ofThomas Herbert, 8th Earl of Pembroke,who was by marriage the new proprietor of Highclere.[10]The Rev. Isaac Milles the younger (fl. 1701–1727)[11]carried on his father's school at Highclere.[12]Elizabeth, the daughter of Milles the younger, married Reverend Richard Pococke[13]LL.B. (1660–1710) and had the Rt. Rev.Richard Pococke(1704–1765), who, having been educated by his grandfather Milles at his school at Highclere rectory, went on to become domestic chaplain toPhilip Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield,and then Bishop of Ossory and Meath, as well as a renowned travel writer andorientalist.
Bishop Pococke was one of the first to collect seeds of theCedar of Lebanon,which he did during his tour of Lebanon in 1738.[14]Some of these seeds germinated and grew at Highclere andWilton House,but probably also at nearbySandlefordand his family's ownNewtownHouse, Hampshire.[15][16]
Coincidentally, the apparently unrelated (and earlier) Rev.Edward Pococke(1604–1691), another orientalist, was sometime vicar ofChieveleyand then rector ofChildrey(both nearby in Berkshire), and was an even earlier importer of the cedar.[17]And of his six sons, the eldest, Edward Pococke (1648–1727) was chaplain to theEarl of Pembroke,and rector of Minall orMildenhall, Wiltshire(1692), and canon of Salisbury (1675).[18]
William Cobbett's description
editWilliam Cobbett(1763–1835) in his journal of 2 November 1821, while atHurstbourne Tarrantwrote:[19]
I came fromBerghclerethis morning, and through the park of Lord Caernarvon, at Highclere. It is a fine season to look at woods. The oaks are still covered, the beeches in their best dress, the elms yet pretty green, and the beautiful ashes only beginning to turn off. This is, according to my fancy, the prettiest park that I have ever seen. A great variety of hill and dell. A good deal of water, and this, in one part, only wants the colours of American trees to make it look like a creek; for the water runs along at the foot of a steepish hill, thickly covered with trees, and the branches of the lowermost trees hang down into the water and hide the bank completely.
I like this place better thanFonthill,Blenheim,Stowe,or any other gentleman's grounds that I have seen. The house I did not care about, though it appears to be large enough to hold half a village. The trees are very good, and the woods would be handsomer if the larches and firs were burnt, for which only they are fit. The great beauty of the place is, the lofty downs, as steep, in some places, as the roof of a house, which form a sort of boundary, in the form of a part of a crescent, to about a third part of the park, and then slope off and get more distant, for about half another third part. A part of these downs is covered with trees, chiefly beech, the colour of which, at this season, forms a most beautiful contrast with that of the down itself, which is so green and so smooth! From the vale in the park, along which we rode, we looked apparently almost perpendicularly up at the downs, where the trees have extended themselves by seed more in some places than others, and thereby formed numerous salient parts of various forms, and, of course, as many and as variously formed glades. These, which are always so beautiful in forests and parks, are peculiarly beautiful in this lofty situation and with verdure so smooth as that of these chalky downs.
Our horses beat up a score or two of hares as we crossed the park; and, though we met with no gothic arches made of Scotch-fir, we saw something a great deal better; namely, about forty cows, the most beautiful that I ever saw, as to colour at least. They appear to be of theGalway-breed.They are called, in this country, Lord Caernarvon's breed. They have no horns, and their colour is a ground of white with black or red spots, these spots being from the size of a plate to that of a crown-piece; and some of them have no small spots. These cattle were lying down together in the space of about an acre of ground: they were in excellent condition, and so fine a sight of the kind I never saw.[20]
19th century
editThe house was then a square, classical mansion, but, after an abortive exterior remodelling byThomas HopperinGreek Revivalstyle for the second Earl,[21]it was remodelled and largely rebuilt for the third Earl following a design bySir Charles Barry[22]in 1842–49[23]during his construction of theHouses of Parliament.It is in theJacobethanstyle and faced inBath stone,[22]reflecting the Victorian revival of English architecture of the late 16th century and early 17th century, whenTudor architecturewas being challenged by newly arrivedRenaissance architectureinfluences.
During the 19th century, there was aRenaissance Revivalmovement, of which Sir Charles Barry was an exponent, Barry described the style of Highclere as Anglo-Italian.[24]Barry had been inspired to become an architect by the Renaissance architecture of Italy and was very proficient at working in the Renaissance-based style that became known in the 19th century asItalianate architecture.At Highclere, however, he worked in the Jacobethan style, but added to it some of the motifs of the Italianate style. This is particularly noticeable in the towers, which are slimmer and more refined than those ofMentmore Towers,the other great Jacobethan house built in the same era. Barry produced an alternative design in a more purelyItalian Renaissancestyle, which was rejected by Lord Carnarvon.[25]The external walls are decorated withstrapworkdesigns typical ofNorthern European Renaissancearchitecture. The Italian Renaissance theme is more evident in the interiors. In the saloon, in an attempt to resemble a medieval Englishgreat hall,Barry's assistantThomas Allomintroduced a Gothic influence evident in the points rather than curves of the arches, and the mock-hammerbeam roof.[26]
Although the exterior of the north, east and south sides were completed before the 3rd Earl died in 1849 and Sir Charles Barry died in 1860, the interior and the west wing (designated as servants' quarters) were far from complete. The 4th Earl turned to the architectThomas Allom,who had worked with Barry, to supervise work on the interior of the castle, which was completed in 1878. The 1st Earl had his park laid out according to a design byCapability Brownin 1774–1777, moving the village in the process—the remains of the church of 1689 are at the north-west corner of the castle. TheLebanon Cedarsare believed to be descended from seeds brought to England fromLebanonby the 17th-century seed collectorEdward Pococke.
The founding of Canada
editIn the 1860s, the4th Earldrafted theBritish North America Act of 1867at the castle alongside the firstPrime Minister of CanadaJohn A. Macdonald,George-Étienne CartierandAlexander Tilloch Galt,who signed the visitor book in 1866.[27]The 4th Earl presented the Act to Parliament in February 1867. The passage of the Act later that year represented the legal expression ofCanadian Confederationand the establishment ofCanadain its present institutional form; the Act forms the framework of theConstitution of Canadato this day.[28]After the discovery of documents between him andJohn A. Macdonald,showing eight weeks of nearly daily correspondence,Janice Charette,theCanadian High Commissioner to the United Kingdom,recognised the central role of the 4th Earl in the creation of Canada by planting a maple tree on the lawn on 11 January 2018.[29]
20th century
editGeorge Herbert, the 5th Earlmarried the rich heiressAlmina Wombwell,the daughter of the bank heirAlfred de Rothschild(1842-1918), a son ofLionel de Rothschild.Thus Lord Carnarvon received a very large dowry. Rothschildpèrealso made her the heiress to his vast fortune.
At the beginning ofWorld War I,a hospital for war wounded was opened at Highclere Castle, withLady Carnarvonhelping with the organisation and assisting as a nurse.[30]
The castle became home toEgyptianartefacts after the 5th Earl, an enthusiastic amateurEgyptologist,sponsored the excavation of nobles' tombs in Deir el-Bahari (Thebes) in 1907,[31]and employed archaeologistHoward Carterin the search for thetomb of Tutankhamun.[30]
The Egyptian Museum at Highclere Castle was established after thediscovery of Tutankhamen's tomb,in 1922. After the death of the 5th Earl in 1923, Lady Carnarvon continued to support Howard Carter and his team. She resided at Highclere but spent much of her time in Egypt supporting the famous excavations. Her legacy is one of the less noted in the history of Egyptology, but her contribution is immeasurable.[32]
DuringWorld War IIthe castle housed evacuee children. Some allied aircraft crashed onto the estate, sections of a downedB-17 Flying Fortressare held at the castle.[33]
21st century
editIn the 21st century Lord and Lady Carnarvon undertook repairs to the roof.[34]In 2007, they created the Egyptian Exhibition, which lies in the cellars of the castle and tells the story of the discovery ofTutankhamun's tomb by the 5th Earl.[34]By 2009, the castle was again in need of major repairs, with only the ground and first floors remaining usable. Water damage had caused stonework to crumble and ceilings to collapse; at least 50 rooms were uninhabitable. The8th Earland his family were living in a "modestcottagein the grounds "; he said a lack of repair by his ancestors caused the castle's long-term problems. Repairs needed for the entire estate were estimated to cost around £12 million, £1.8 million of which was urgently needed just for the castle.[citation needed]
The castle was used as the main filming location for theITV/PBSdrama seriesDownton Abbey,which brought the castle international fame.[35][36]The increased numbers of visitors to the castle have allowed for repairs on Highclere's turrets and its interior.[37] The family now live in Highclere Castle at various times throughout the year, but return to their cottage when the castle is open to the public.
Highclere Park
editThe parkland surrounding the castle is listed Grade I on theRegister of Historic Parks and Gardensand is listed as aSite of Special Scientific Interest(SSSI).[38][39]
The park is the earliest documented estate in Hampshire, having been given in 749 to the Church of Winchester as a deer park.[38][40]In 1706, under the ownership of Robert Sawyer Herbert, the park became arococolandscape of walks.[38]Then in 1770 it became alandscaped parkdesigned byCapability Brown.[40]
In 1991 Highclere Park was registered as an SSSI.[41]The park's listing as an SSSI is due to a mixture of habitats that contain many regional uncommon plants, and its diverse range oflichen.[39][40]
Details
editThere are variousfollieson the estate. To the east of the house is the Temple of Diana, erected before 1743 withIonic ordercolumns fromDevonshire HouseinPiccadilly,which had burnt in 1733, and remodelled by Barry.[42]"Heaven's Gate" is a folly about 60 feet high onSidown Hill,built in 1749 by Hon. Robert Sawyer Herbert (d. 1769). Other 18th-century follies that can be found on the grounds of the estate include Milford Lake House and Jackdaw's Castle, both attributed to thearchitect earl of Pembroke,brother of the owner,[43]and the Etruscan Temple.
The 2nd Earl of Carnarvonwas a passionate horticulturalist and was vice-president of theRoyal Horticultural Societyfrom 1829 until his death in 1833. Manyhybridsandcultivarsofornamental plantswere produced on the castle grounds during that time. The hybrid azaleaRhododendron × altaclerensewas first produced on the castle grounds in 1826,[44][45]with over 25 Highclere azalea cultivars later being produced.[46]The hybrid hollyIlex x altaclerensis(Highclere holly) was developed here in 1835 byhybridisingtheMadeiranIlex perado(grown in agreenhouse) with the local nativeIlex aquifolium.This hybrid and its offspring are still used as garden plants almost 200 years later.[47]
Highclere Castle launched its own gin brand in 2019 called Highclere Castle Gin.[48]It is the first gin to earn a perfect score, 100 points from the Major League Spirits Association (MLSA)[49]
The castle, Egyptian exhibition and gardens are open to the public during the summer months and at other times during the rest of the year.[51]The castle also holds special ticketed events throughout the year.[52]
As film and television location
edit| Year | Title | Episode | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1979 | Antiques Roadshow | Highclere Castle | BBC series in which antiques experts travel to various regions across the United Kingdom to evaluate and price antiques brought by members of the public. |
| 1982 | The Missionary | Handmade Filmscinema comedy. | |
| 1987 | The Secret Garden | TV movie adaptation of the novel byFrances Hodgson Burnett. | |
| 1988 | A Handful of Dust | New Line Cinemaadaptation of the novel byEvelyn Waugh. | |
| 1990 | Spymaker: The Secret Life of Ian Fleming | TV biographical film of the life ofJames BondcreatorIan Fleming. | |
| 1990 - 1993 | Jeeves and Wooster |
|
Adaptation of the stories byP G Wodehouse.Highclere Castle represented Totleigh Towers, home of Sir Watkyn Basset and his daughter Madeline. |
| 1991 | King Ralph | Mirage Enterprisescinema production. | |
| 1991 | Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves | ||
| 1991 | Duel of Hearts | Gainsborough PicturesTV adaptation of theBarbara Cartlandnovel. | |
| 1992 | A Sense of History | TV comedy drama. | |
| 1999 | Eyes Wide Shut | Warner Brotherscinema production. Interiors at Highclere were used for the masked ball scene, which portrayed about 20 people having sex.[53] | |
| 2001 | Back to the Secret Garden | Sequel to The Secret Garden. Highclere Castle was used for exterior shots of Misselthwaite Manor. | |
| 2002 | The Four Feathers | Miramaxcinema adaptation of the novel byA.E.W. Mason. | |
| 2004 | Agatha Christie's Marple | 4.50 from Paddington | ITVadaptation of theAgatha Christienovel. |
| 2006 | Stately Suppers | Highclere Castle | BBC2 series in which presenterAlistair Appletonand chefJames Martinvisit stately homes to cook dinner and explore the locality. |
| 2010 - 2015 | Downton Abbey[54] | 52 episodes | ITV historical drama written and co-produced byJulian Fellowes.The great hall, dining room, library, music room, drawing room, salon and several of the bedrooms were used for filming, as well as the exteriors and grounds. |
| 2010 | Maid in Britain | TV documentary about television drama productions inspired by the British class divide. Also featuring George Herbert, 8th Earl of Carnarvon and Fiona Herbert, 8th Countess of Carnavon. | |
| 2011 | This Morning | Episode dated 26 October 2011 | ITV talk show presented byEamonn HolmesandRuth Langsford. |
| 2012 | Secrets of the Manor House | Secrets of Highclere Castle | Yesterday Channel production featuring stately homes across the UK. Presented by Samuel West, Elisabeth Kehoe and Geoffrey Dymond. |
| 2017 | Mary Berry's Country House Secrets | Episode 1 - Highclere Castle | TV documentary series themed around food in British manor houses. Presented byMary Berry. |
| 2019 | Tutankhamun with Dan Snow | Episode 1 | TV archaeological documentary series, in three parts, about the life story of the Egyptian boy kingTutankhamun,whose tomb was uncovered in 1922 by an expedition financed by the5th Earl of Carnavon. |
| 2019 | Downton Abbey (film) | Perfect World Pictures,Focus FeaturesandCarnival Filmscinema production. | |
| 2021 | Infinite | Paramount Pictures,New Republic Pictures,Di Bonaventura Pictures,Closet to the Hole ProductionsandLeverage Entertainment | |
| 2022 | Downton Abbey: A New Era | Focus FeaturesandUniversal Picturescinema production. |
As event venue
editIn 2007, the grounds were the venue for the Countryside Rocks concert, to raise funds for the UK rural advocacy organisationCountryside Alliance,featuringBryan Ferry,Steve Winwood,Eric Clapton,Steve HarleyandKenney Jones.[55]As of March 2023, the castle will no longer be used to host large weddings due to staffing shortages. "We have stopped being able to offer any weddings of any substantial size because ofBrexit,"the owner told Reuters.[56]
See also
edit
- Canadian Confederation
- OtherDownton Abbeyfilming locations:
References
edit- ^"Highclere Castle, Highclere".British Listed Buildings.Retrieved5 October2011.
- ^Hines, Morgan (17 September 2019)."One night only: You can stay at 'Downton Abbey's Highclere Castle, thanks to Airbnb".USA Today.Retrieved3 April2021.
- ^ab"Highclere Castle Opening Times and Visitor Information".www.highclerecastle.co.uk.Retrieved26 August2019.
- ^ab"Highclere Castle & Gardens, Carnarvon Family home".www.highclerecastle.co.uk.
- ^OpenDomesday.org."Domesday Book – Highclere".OpenDomesday.org.
- ^abc"Highclere Castle | Description, History, & Facts".Encyclopedia Britannica.31 May 2023.
- ^tarriedis the word used in the records quoted by Walter Money.
- ^Walter Money,Newbury,page 160.
- ^"Highclere Castle".www.highclerecastle.co.uk.
- ^Norgate, Gerald le Grys (1894)..Dictionary of National Biography.Vol. 37. p. 432.
- ^BA of Balliol College (1696), MA from Sidney Sussex, Cambridge (1701), treasurer of the diocese of Waterford 21 May 1714, and non-resident prebendary ofLismore, County Waterford6 September 1716.
- ^And resigned his Irish benefices in 1727 to become rector of nearby Ludshelfe orLitchfield, Hampshire.
- ^Headmaster of the King Edward VI Free Grammar School, and curate, under sequestration, of All Saints' Church in Southampton. Son of another Richard Pococke, LL.B., rector ofColmer,Hampshire, from 1660 to his death in 1719.
- ^He reachedDenderehon 9 January 1738.
- ^History of Newtownby Doug Ellis, Newtown Parish Council, 2015.
- ^F. Nigel Hepper, in Arboricultural Journal: The International Journal of Urban Forestry, Volume 25, Issue 3, 2001: THE CULTIVATION OF THE CEDAR OF LEBANON IN WESTERN EUROPEAN PARKS AND GARDENS FROM THE 17TH TO THE 19TH CENTURY.
- ^Nigel Hepper in the abstract to his 2001 article (ibid): 'The earliest extant cedar in England is Edward Pocock's at Childrey. Oxfordshire (c. 1642).'
- ^DNB
- ^"Cobbett'sRural Rides".London. June 1853.
- ^Cobbett continues: "Upon leaving the park, and coming over the hills to this pretty vale of Uphusband [Huphusseburn, Hurstbourn], I could not help calculating how long it might be before some Jew would begin to fix his eye upon Highclere, and talk of putting out the present owner, who, though a Whig, is one of the best of that set of politicians, and who acted a manly part in the case of our deeply injured and deeply lamented queen. Perhaps his lordship thinks that there is no fear of the Jews as to him. But does he think that his tenants can sell fat hogs at 75. 6d. a score, and pay him more than a third of the rent that they have paid him while the debt was contracting? I know that such a man does not lose his estate at once; but, without rents, what is the estate? And that the Jews will receive the far greater part of his rents is certain, unless the interest of the debt be reduced. Lord Caernarvon told a man, in 1820, that he did not like my politics. But what did he mean by my politics? I have no politics but such as he ought to like..."
- ^Howard Colvin,A Biographical Dictionary of British Architects, 1600–1840,3rd ed. 1995, sv "Hopper, Thomas" p. 515.
- ^abDickson, Elizabeth (January–February 1979)."Historic Houses: The Splendors of Highclere Castle".Architectural Digest.Archived fromthe originalon 29 October 2013.Retrieved2 January2013.
- ^Colvin 1995, sv "Barry, Sir Charles" p. 104; Barry had earlier remodeled the circular Ionic Temple of Diana in the park (drawings dated 1838 at Highclere).
- ^Henry Russell Hitchcock(1958) Architecture: Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries (Pelican History of Art), London, Penguin Books, p.73.
- ^Roger Dixon and Stefan Muthesius.Victorian Architecture.Thames and Hudson 1978, pp.39–40
- ^"Highclere Castle, Earl of Carnarvon, Egyptian antiquities, State Rooms".Highclerecastle.co.uk.Retrieved30 September2012.
- ^"Community Category: Highclere and Canada".Lady Carnarvon.Retrieved19 June2018.
- ^International, Radio Canada (11 January 2018)."Downton Abbey: where Canada's Constitution was created".RCI | English.Retrieved19 June2018.
- ^"Maple tree planted at 'Downton Abbey' castle in tribute to Canada's founding".CTVNews.11 January 2018.Retrieved19 June2018.
- ^ab"Highclere Castle official website".Archived fromthe originalon 24 June 2019.Retrieved29 October2017.
- ^A letter fromGaston Masperodated 14 October 1907, contained in the archives of Maspero in the library of the Institut de France says, "You have been kind enough to say to me that you could find a man who knows Egyptology to survey my works. Have you thought to anybody? I will leave the question of payment in your hands but I think I would prefer a compatriot" (Manuscripts 4009, folios 292–293). On 16 January 1909, Carter wrote to Maspero, "Just a word to tell you that Lord Carnarvon has accepted my conditions. He will be there (in Egypt) from 12 February to 20 March. I have to thank you again..." (Manuscripts 4009, folio 527) – from Elisabeth David.
- ^Almina Wombwell
- ^"The Countess of Carnarvon and the real Downton Abbey".11 June 2014.Retrieved22 November2017.
- ^ab"Finding Downton: Our Journey to Highclere Castle".Anglotopia.net.Retrieved26 August2019.
- ^Rodrigues, Cecilia (2 January 2016)."Downton Abbey: The End Is Near For The Series But The Real Mansion Is Forever".Forbes.Retrieved23 April2020.
- ^"Highclere Castle of Downton Abbey fame opens bedroom for rent through AirBnB".ABC 7 News.18 September 2019.Retrieved23 April2020.
- ^ Brown, Maggie (19 September 2015)."How Downton Abbey helped to rescue Highclere Castle from ruin".The Guardian.Retrieved23 April2020.
- ^abcHistoric England,"Highclere Park (1000109)",National Heritage List for England,retrieved10 September2017
- ^ab"Village Design Statement Highclere and Penwood 2002"(PDF).Basingstoke Council.
- ^abc"SITE:Highclere Park SSI"(PDF).Natural England.
- ^"Highclere Park SSSI".Natural England.
- ^Colvin 1995, sv "Herbert, Henry, 9th Earl of Pembroke" p. 491.
- ^Colvin 1995 p. 491.
- ^Edwards, Sydenham (1842).Edwards's botanical register, or ornamental flower garden and shrubbery.Vol. 28. Ridgway. p. 27.
- ^"Rhododendron: The Hybrids / Rhododendron Hybrids".International Dendrology Society.30 October 2022.Retrieved30 October2022.
- ^Mills, Colin (18 June 2009)."Rhododendron x alterclerense Lindl".Hortus Camdenensis.Retrieved30 October2022.
- ^"Ilex × altaclerensis Highclere holly".Royal Horticultural Society.30 October 2022.Retrieved30 October2022.
- ^"Home - Award Winning Gin | Highclere Castle Gin".31 May 2023.Retrieved25 September2024.
- ^report, Staff (24 August 2023)."Gin born from CT man's idea, and ingredients from 'Downton Abbey,' hits perfect 100-point score".Hartford Courant.Retrieved25 September2024.
- ^"London Lodge, Highclere".britishlistedbuildings.co.uk.
- ^"Opening Times. visitor information, Highclere Castle".www.highclerecastle.co.uk.Retrieved19 June2018.
- ^"Admission Tickets to Highclere Castle".highclerecastleshop.co.uk.Retrieved19 June2018.
- ^"How I tracked down Stanley Kubrick | Movies | the Guardian".www.theguardian.com.Archived fromthe originalon 29 September 2021.
- ^"Downton Abbey".IMDb.9 January 2011.
- ^Cheal, David (22 May 2007)."Rock's aristocrats show their class".The Daily Telegraph.London.Retrieved15 August2015.
- ^Ravikumar, Sachin (14 March 2023)."'Downton Abbey' castle halts weddings due to Brexit, says owner ".Reuters.
External links
edit
- Official website
- Lady Carnarvon - The official website of the Countess of CarnarvonArchived22 December 2019 at theWayback Machine
- Highclere Castle entryfrom The DiCamillo Companion to British & Irish Country Houses
- Highclere CastleonThe Internet Movie Database
- "Take a guided tour around the real Downton Abbey".The Daily Telegraph.7 October 2011. Archived fromthe originalon 5 January 2018.Retrieved1 December2020.
- Lady Almina and the Real Downton Abbey: The Lost Legacy of Highclere Castle