Ahome video game consoleis avideo game consolethat is designed to be connected to a display device, such as atelevision,and an external power source as to playvideo games.While initial consoles were dedicated units with only a few games fixed into the electronic circuits of the system, most consoles since support the use of swappable game media, either throughgame cartridges,optical discs,or throughdigital distributionto internal storage.
There have been numerous home video game consoles since the first commercial unit, theMagnavox Odysseyin 1972. Historically these consoles have been grouped intogenerationslasting each about six years based on common technical specifications. As of 2024, there have been nine console generations, with the current leading manufacturers beingSony,Microsoft,andNintendo,colloquially known as the "Big 3." Past console manufacturers have includedAtari,Fairchild,Mattel,Coleco,Sega,NEC,3DO,FujitsuandSNK.
Overview
editA home video game console is a predesigned piece of electronic hardware that is meant to be placed at a fixed location at one's home, connected to a display like a television screen or computer monitor, and to an external power source, to play video games on using one or morevideo game controllers.This differs from ahandheld game consolewhich will have a built-in screen, controller buttons/features, and a power supply like a battery or battery pack.
Earlier home consoles were typically built from a selection of standard and highly customized integrated computer chips, packaged onto circuit boards and cases. Over time, home console design has converged to a degree withpersonal computers,using similar component and system design, including standardization with main computer chip architecture. Consoles remain as fixed systems, lacking the customization options that personal computer components have, and most consoles include customized components to maximize space and reduce power consumption to provide the best performance for game playing, while lowering costs with reduced storage and memory configurations.[1]
Home video game consoles typically can play a multitude of games, offered either asgame cartridges(or ROM cartridges), on optical media like CD-ROM or DVD, or obtained bydigital distribution.Early consoles, also considered dedicated consoles, had games that were fixed in the electronic circuitry of the hardware. Some facets may be controlled by switching external controls on the console but the games could not be changed themselves.
Most home consoles require a separate game controller, and may support multiple controllers for multiplayer games. Some console games can only be played with special, unconventional game controllers, such aslight gunsforrail shootersandguitar controllersformusic games.Some consoles also possess the ability to connect and interface with a particular handheld game system, which certain games can leverage to provide alternate control schemes,second screengameplay elements, exclusive unlockable content or the ability to transfer certain game data.
History
editThe first commercial video game console was theMagnavox Odyssey,developed by a team led byRalph H. Baerand released commercially in 1972. It was shortly followed by the release of thehome version ofPongbyAtari Inc.in 1975 based on the arcade game. A number ofclonesof both systems rushed to fill the nascent home console market and the video game industry suffered a small recession in 1977 due to this.
TheFairchild Channel F,released in 1976, was the first console to usegame cartridges,which was then used by theAtari VCSand several other consoles of the second generation and led to a second boom in the video game industry in the United States and around the globe. During this time, Atari Inc. had been sold toWarner Communications,and several programmers left the company and foundedActivision,becoming the first third-party developer. Activision's success led to a rush of new developers creating games without any publishing controls for these systems. The market became flooded with games, and combined with the rising popularity of the personal computer and the economic recession of the early 1980s, led to thevideo game crash of 1983in the U.S. market.Nintendo,which had released itsFamily Computerconsole in Japan that year, took several cautionary steps to limit game production to only licensed games, and was able to introduce it, rebranded as the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) in 1985 into the U.S. market. The NES helped to revive the console market and gave Nintendo dominance during the late 1980s.
Segatook advantage of the newfound U.S. growth to market itsSega Genesisagainst theSuper Nintendo Entertainment Systemin the early 1990s in the so-called "console wars" and emphasized the notion of "bits"as a major selling point for consumers. The consumer adoption ofoptical discswith larger storage capacity in the mid-1995 led many console manufactures to move away from cartridges toCD-ROMsand later toDVDsand other formats, with Sony'sPlayStationline introducing even more features that gave it an advantage in the market; thePlayStation 2,released in 2000, remains the best-selling console to date with over 155 million units sold. Microsoft, fearing that the PlayStation 2 was threatening the competitive edge of the personal computer, entered the console space with itsXboxline in 2001. Internet connectivity had become commonplace by the mid-2000s, and nearly all home consoles supporteddigital distributionand online service offerings by the 2010s.
With Sony and Microsoft's dominance in hardware capabilities, most other major manufacturers have since dropped out of the hardware business, but maintain a presence in the game development and licensing space. Nintendo remains the only competitor having taken ablue ocean strategyby offering more original console concepts such as motion sensing in theWiiand the hybrid design of theNintendo Switch.
Within the home video game console market, the leading consoles have often been grouped into generations, consoles that were major competitors in the marketplace. There have been nine generations of consoles since the 1970s, with a new generation appearing about every five years.
List of home video game consoles
editThere are more than 1000 home video game consoles known to exist, the vast majority of which were released during the first generation: only 103 home video game consoles were released between the second and current generation, 15 were canceled.[a]This list is divided intoconsole generationswhich are named based on the dominant console type of the era, though not all consoles of those eras are of the same type. Some eras are referred to based on how many bits a major console could process. The "128-bit era" (sixth generation) was the final era in which this practice was widespread.
This list only counts the first iteration of each console's hardware, because several systems have had slim, enhanced or other hardware revisions, but they are not individually listed here. The list also includes unreleased systems. If a series of home video game consoles begins in a generation and lasts to another generation, it is listed in the generation the series began. This list does not claim to be complete.
This list does not include other types ofvideo game consolessuch ashandheld game consoles,which are usually of lower computational power thanhome consolesdue to their smaller size;microconsoles,which are usually low-cost Android-based devices that rely on downloading;retro style consoles;ordedicated consolespast the first generation, which have games built in and do not use any form of physical media. Consoles have been redesigned from time to time to improve their market appeal. Redesigned models are not listed on their own.
The list omits the more than 900 home video game consoles known to have been released in thefirst generation of video game consoles,those that were generally game consoles for a single dedicated game, such as homePongconsoles. Documented consoles of this generation can be found atlist of first generation home video game consoles.
Released systems
edit| Name | Release date | Manufacturer | Units sold | CPU | "Bits" |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fairchild Channel F | November 1976 | Fairchild(U.S.) | ca. 250,000 | Fairchild F8 | 8-bit (CPU) |
| RCA Studio II | January 1977 | RCA(U.S.) | ca. 60,000 | RCA 1802 | 8-bit (CPU) |
| Bally Astrocade | April 1978 | Midway(U.S.) | ? | Zilog Z80 | 8-bit (CPU) |
| Atari 2600 | September 11, 1977 | Atari Inc.(U.S.) | ca. 30 million[2] | MOS Technology 6507 | 8-bit (CPU) |
| APF-MP1000 | January 1, 1978 | APF(U.S.) | > 50,000 | Motorola 6800 | 8-bit (CPU) |
| Champion 2711 | 1978 | Unisonic(U.S.) | ? | General Instrument CP1610 | 16-bit (CPU) |
| Interton VC 4000 | Interton(Germany) | ? | Signetics 2650A | 8-bit (CPU) | |
| Palladium Tele-Cassetten Game | Palladium(Germany) | ? | |||
| 1292 Advanced Programmable Video System | Audiosonic | ? | Signetics 2650AI | 8-bit (CPU) | |
| Magnavox Odyssey 2 | December 1978 | Magnavox(U.S.) /Philips(Netherlands) | ? | Intel 8048 | 8-bit (CPU) |
| APF Imagination Machine | 1979 | APF(U.S.) | ? | Motorola 6800 | 8-bit (CPU) |
| Bandai Super Vision 8000 | Bandai(Japan) | ? | NEC D780C | 8-bit (CPU) | |
| Intellivision | 1980 | Mattel Electronics(U.S.) | ca. 3 million | General Instrument CP1610 | 16-bit (CPU) |
| VTech CreatiVision | 1981 | VTech(Hong Kong) | ? | Rockwell 6502 | 8-bit (CPU) |
| Epoch Cassette Vision | July 30, 1981 | Epoch(Japan) | ca. 400,000 | NEC uPD77xx | ? |
| Arcadia 2001andits variants and clones | 1982(Arcadia 2001) | Emerson Radio(U.S.) | ? | Signetics 2650 | 8-bit (CPU) |
| SHG Black Point | 1982 | Süddeutsche Elektro-Hausgeräte GmbH & Co. KG(Germany) | ? | ? | ? |
| ColecoVision | August 1982 | Coleco(U.S.) | ca. 2 million | Zilog Z80 | 8-bit (CPU) |
| Atari 5200 | November 1982 | Atari Inc.(U.S.) | ca. 1 million | MOS 6502C@ 1.79 MHz | 8-bit (CPU) |
| Vectrex | November 1982 | GCE/Milton Bradley Company(U.S.) | ? | Motorola MC68A09 | 8-bit/16-bit (CPU) |
| Compact Vision TV Boy | October 1983 | Gakken(Japan) | Motorola MC6801 | 8-bit (CPU) | |
| Videopac+ G7400[b] | 1983 | Philips(Netherlands) | ? | Intel 8048@ 5.91 MHz | 8-bit |
| My Vision | Nichibutsu(Japan) | ? | ? | ||
| Pyuuta Jr. | April 1983 | Tomy(Japan) | TMS9995 | 16-bit | |
| Sega SG-1000 | July 15, 1983 | Sega(Japan) | ca. 2 million | Zilog Z80@ 3.58 MHz | 8-bit |
| NES/Family Computer (Famicom) | July 15, 1983 | Nintendo(Japan) | 61.91 million | Ricoh2A03processor (MOS Technology 6502core) @1.79 MHz | 8-bit |
| PV-1000 | October 1983 | Casio(Japan) | ? | Z80Aclocked at 3.579 MHz | 8-bit |
| Epoch Super Cassette Vision | July 17, 1984 | Epoch(Japan) | 300,000 | NEC PD7801G | 8-bit (CPU) |
| Bridge Companion | 1985 | BBC/Heber (UK) | ? | Zilog Z80 | 8-bit |
| Video Art | LJN(U.S.) | Thompson EF6805 (Motorola 6800-based) | ? | ||
| Zemmix | Daewoo Electronics(South Korea) | Zilog Z80 | 8-bit | ||
| Sega Mark III/Master System | October 20, 1985 | Sega(Japan),Tec Toy(Brazil) | ca. 13 million | Zilog Z80@ 4 MHz | 8-bit |
| Family Computer Disk System[c] | February 21, 1986 | Nintendo(Japan) | 4.44 million | Ricoh2A03processor (MOS Technology 6502core) @1.79 MHz | 8-bit |
| Videosmarts[3] | 1986 | Connor Electronics(U.S.) (1986–1988),VTech(Hong Kong) (1989–1990) | ? | ? | ? |
| Atari 7800 | May 1986 | Atari Corporation(U.S.) | Atari SALLY | 8-bit | |
| Atari XEGS | 1987 | Atari Corporation(U.S.) | ca. 2 million | MOS Technology 6502C | |
| Video Challenger | Tomy/Bandai(Japan) | ? | ? | ||
| Action Max | Worlds of Wonder(U.S.) | HD401010 | 8-bit | ||
| View-Master Interactive Vision | 1988 | View-MasterIdeal Group, Inc. (U.S.) | ? | ||
| Terebikko | Bandai(Japan) | ? | |||
| VTech Socrates | VTech(Hong Kong) | Zilog Z80A | 8-bit (CPU) | ||
| Video Driver | October 1988[4] | Sega(Japan) | ? | ||
| Amstrad GX4000 | September 1990 | Amstrad(UK) | ca. 14,000 | Zilog Z80@ 4 MHz | 8-bit |
| Commodore 64 Games System | December 1990 | Commodore(Canada) | ca. 20,000 | MOS Technology 8500@ 0.985 MHz | |
| PC Engine/TurboGrafx-16 | October 30, 1987 | NEC/Hudson Soft(Japan) | ca. 10 million | Hudson Soft HuC6280 | 16-bit (8-bit CPU, 16-bit graphics) |
| Sega Genesis/Mega Drive | October 29, 1988 | Sega(Japan) | 35.25 million | Motorola 68000@ 7.6 MHz,Zilog Z80@ 3.58 MHz | 16-bit (16/32 bit processor, 16 bit graphics) |
| TurboGrafx-CD/CD-ROM² | December 4, 1988 | NEC(Japan) | 1.92 million | ? | 16-bit (8-bit processor, 16-bit graphics) |
| PC Engine2/SuperGrafx | December 8, 1989 | NEC(Japan) | ca. 75,000 | Hudson Soft HuC6280 | 16-bit (8-bit CPU, 16-bit graphics) |
| Neo-Geo AES | April 26, 1990 | SNK(Japan) | ca. 750,000 | Motorola 68000@ 12 MHz,Zilog Z80A@ 4 MHz | 24-bit (16/32 bit processor, 24 bit graphics) |
| Super NES/Super Famicom | November 21, 1990 | Nintendo(Japan) | 49.1 million | Ricoh 5A22@ 3.58 MHz | 16-bit |
| Commodore CDTV | March 1991 | Commodore(Canada) | ca. 54,800 | Motorola 68000@ 7 MHz | 16-bit |
| CD-i | December 3, 1991 | Various | ca. 1.5 million | Philips SCC68070@ 15.5 MHz | 16-bit (could be upgraded to 32-bit) |
| Sega CD/Mega CD | December 12, 1991 | Sega(Japan) | 2.24 million | Motorola 68000@ 12.5 MHz | 16-bit (16/32 bit processor, 16 bit graphics) |
| Memorex VIS | June 1992 | Memorex/Tandy Corp(U.S.) | ca. 11,000 | Intel 80286@ 12 MHz | 16-bit |
| Sega Pico | June 26, 1993 | Sega/Majesco Entertainment(Japan) | ca. 3.8 million | Motorola 68000@ 7.6 MHz,Zilog Z80@ 3.58 MHz | 16-bit |
| Picno | 1992[5] | Konami(Japan) | ? | ? | ? |
| Pioneer LaserActive | August 20, 1993 | Pioneer Corporation(Japan) | ca 10,000 | ? | |
| Neo-Geo CD[d] | September 9, 1994 | SNK(Japan) | 570,000 | Motorola 68000@ 12 MHz,Zilog Z80@ 4 MHz | 16-bit |
| Satellaview | April 23, 1995 | Nintendo(Japan) | At least 100,000 | ? | 16-bit |
| Super A'Can | October 25, 1995 | Funtech(Taiwan) | ? | Motorola 68000@ 10.738635 MHz | |
| FM Towns Marty | February 20, 1993 | Fujitsu(Japan) | ca. 45,000 | AMD 386SXat 16 MHz | 32-bit |
| Amiga CD32 | September 17, 1993 | Commodore(Canada) | ca. 100,000 | Motorola 68EC020@ 14.18 MHz (PAL) 14.32 MHz (NTSC) | |
| 3DO Interactive Multiplayer | October 4, 1993 | Panasonic/Sanyo(Japan)GoldStar(South Korea)The 3DO Company(United States) | ca. 2 million | RISC CPU ARM60 based onARM architecture@ 12.5 MHz | |
| Atari Jaguar | November 23, 1993 | Atari Corporation(U.S.) | ca. 250,000[6][7] | Motorola 68000@ 13.295 MHz, Custom 32-bit graphics RISC "Tom" @ 26.59 MHz, Custom 32-bit sound RISC "Jerry" @ 26.59 MHz | 64-bit (64-bit graphics, 32-bit processor) |
| CPS Changer | 1994 | Capcom(Japan) | ? | Motorola 68000@ 10 MHz | 16-bit |
| Playdia | September 23, 1994 | Bandai(Japan) | Toshiba TMP87C800F | 8-bit | |
| Sega 32X | November 21, 1994 | Sega(Japan) | ca. 800,000 | 2 ×SH-232-bitRISC@ 23 MHz | 32-bit |
| Sega Saturn | November 22, 1994 | Sega(Japan) | 9.26 million | 2× HitachiSH-2@ 28.6MHz | 32-bit |
| Sony PlayStation | December 3, 1994 | Sony(Japan) | 102.49 million | R3000@ 33.8688 MHz | 32-bit |
| PC-FX | December 23, 1994 | NEC(Japan) | ca. 400,000 | NEC V810 | 32-bit |
| Apple Bandai Pippin | March 28, 1995 | Bandai(Japan)/Apple Inc.(U.S.) | ca. 42,000 | PowerPC 603RISC(66 MHz) | |
| Atari Jaguar CD | September 21, 1995 | Atari Corporation(U.S.) | ? | ? | 64-bit (uses Jaguar processors) |
| Casio Loopy | October 19, 1995 | Casio(Japan) | RISCSH-1(SH7021) | 32-bit | |
| Nintendo 64 | June 23, 1996 | Nintendo(Japan) | 32.93 million | NECVR4300@ 93.75MHz | 64-bit |
| Dreamcast | November 27, 1998 | Sega(Japan) | 9.13 million | Hitachi SH-4 32-bit RISC @ 200 MHz | 128-bit (32-bit processor, 128-bit graphics) |
| Nintendo 64DD | December 1, 1999 | Nintendo(Japan) | ca. 15,000 | ? | 32-bit co-processor (uses 64-bit N64 processor as main processor) |
| Nuon | 2000 | VM Labs(U.S.)Motorola/RCA(United States)Samsung(South Korea)Toshiba(Japan) | ca. 25,000 | Nuon MPE hybrid stack processor | 128-bit (SIMD) |
| PlayStation 2 | March 4, 2000 | Sony(Japan) | 155 million | Emotion Engine@ 294.912 MHz (launch), 299 MHz (newer models) | 128-bit (SIMD) |
| GameCube | September 14, 2001 | Nintendo(Japan) | 21.74 million | IBMPowerPCGekko@ 486MHz | 32-bit (CPU)
128-bit (SIMD) |
| Xbox | November 15, 2001 | Microsoft(U.S.) | ca. 24 million | Custom 733 MHz Intel Pentium III "Coppermine-based" processor | 32-bit (CPU)
128-bit (SIMD) |
| DVD Kids | 2002 | 3-Plus (Iceland)[8] | ? | ? | ? |
| Xavix PORT | 2004 | SSD COMPANY LIMITED(Japan) | 8-bit,16-bit and 32-bit (depending on game cartridge) | ||
| V.Smile | August 4, 2004 | VTech(Hong Kong) | ? | Sunplus SPG2xx | 16-bit |
| Advanced Pico Beena | 2005 | Sega(Japan) | ca. 4.1 million | ARM7TDMI clocked at 81 MHz | 32-bit (CPU) |
| V.Smile Baby Infant Development System | 2006 | VTech(Hong Kong) | ? | ? | 128-bit |
| Game Wave Family Entertainment System | October 2005 | ZAPiT(Canada) | ca. 70,000[9] | Mediamatics 8611 | |
| Xbox 360 | November 22, 2005 | Microsoft(U.S.) | ca. 85.8 million[10][11][12][13] | Big-endianarchitecture 3.2GHzPowerPCTri-CoreXenon | 64-bit CPU
128-bit extensions |
| V.Flash | September 2006 | VTech(Hong Kong) | ? | ARM-9 | 32-bit |
| HyperScan | October 23, 2006 | Mattel(U.S.) | ca. 10,000 | Sunplus SPG290 | 32-bit |
| PlayStation 3 | November 11, 2006 | Sony(Japan) | 86.9 million[14] | 3.2 GHz Cell Broadband Engine with 1 PPE & 7 SPEs | 64-bit CPU with set of 128-bit registers |
| Wii | November 19, 2006 | Nintendo(Japan) | 101.63 million(as of December 31, 2016)[15] | PowerPC 750-basedIBMPowerPC"Broadway"@ 729MHz;2.9GFLOPS | 32-bit (CPU) |
| EVO Smart Console | November 20, 2008 | Envizions (U..S.) | At least 10 | AMD 64x2 @ 2.9 GHz | 64-bit (CPU) |
| Zeebo | May 25, 2009 | Zeebo Inc.(U.S.) /TecToy(Brazil) | ? | ARM11/QDSP-5in Qualcomm MSM SoC running at 528MHz[16] | 32-bit (CPU) |
| CT510 | April 29, 2012 | eedoo | ? | Unknown dual core at 1.8 GHz | |
| Wii U | November 18, 2012 | Nintendo(Japan) | 13.56 million[17] | PowerPC 750-based 1.24 GHz Tri-CoreIBMPowerPC"Espresso" | 32-bit (CPU) |
| PlayStation 4 | November 15, 2013 | Sony(Japan) | 115.9 million[18] | Semi-custom 8-core AMD x86-64 Jaguar 1.6 GHz CPU (integrated into APU) | 64-bit (CPU) |
| Xbox One | November 22, 2013 | Microsoft(U.S.) | ca. 41 million[19][e] | Custom 1.75 GHz AMD 8-core APU (2 quad-core Jaguar modules) | 64-bit (CPU) |
| Nintendo Switch[f] | March 3, 2017 | Nintendo(Japan) | 129.53 million[24] | Octa-core (4×ARM Cortex-A57 & 4×ARM Cortex-A53) @ 1.020 GHz | 64-bit (CPU) |
| Xbox Series X/S | November 10, 2020 | Microsoft(U.S.) | ca. 21 million[25][e] | 64-bit (CPU) | |
| PlayStation 5 | November 12, 2020 | Sony(Japan) | 40 million[28] | Custom 8-core AMD Zen 2, variable frequency, up to 3.5 GHz[29] | 64-bit (CPU) |
| Atari VCS | June 10, 2021[30] | Atari, Inc.(U.S.) | ca. 10,000 | 14 nm AMD R1606G Zen processor with 2 cores and 4 threads @ 2.6 GHz (up to 3.5 GHz) | 64-bit (CPU) |
| Polymega | September 12, 2021 | Playmaji, Inc (U.S.) | ? | Unknown Intel Coffee Lake | 64-bit (CPU) |
| Evercade VS | December, 2021 | Blaze Entertainment (UK) | ? | Unknown ARM Cortex-A7 4-core at 1.5 GHz | 32-bit (CPU) |
Unreleased systems
edit| Name | Release date | Manufacturer | CPU | "Bits" |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intellivision Amico | TBA | Intellivision Entertainment | Octa-core Snapdragon 624 @ 1.8 GHz[31][32][33] | x86 (64/32-bit) |
| KFConsole | TBA | Cooler Master/KFC U.K./Ireland | Asus RTX 2070Intel Nuc 9 Extreme Compute Element2Seagate Barracuda1TBSSDs[34] | x86 (64/32-bit) |
Canceled systems
edit| Name | Release date | Manufacturer | CPU | "Bits" |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Atari Game Brain | cancelled (supposed to be released in June 1978) | Atari(U.S.) | ? | ? |
| Atari 2700 | cancelled (supposed to be released in 1981) | Atari, Inc.(U.S.) | MOS Technology 6507 | 8-bit (CPU) |
| Video Arcade System | cancelled (supposed to be released in 1983) | Ultravision (U.S.) | ? | ? |
| RDI Halcyon[g] | cancelled (supposed to be released in January 1985) | RDI Video Systems(U.S.) | Zilog Z80 | 8-bit (CPU) |
| Control-Vision | cancelled (supposed to be released in 1989) | Digital Pictures&Hasbro(U.S.) | ? | ? |
| Krokha[35][h] | cancelled | SKB Kontor(Russia) | K580VM80A 2 MHz | ? |
| Konix Multisystem | cancelled (supposed to be released in August 1989) | Konix(UK) | Intel 8086based processor | 16-bit (CPU) |
| Atari Panther | cancelled (supposed to be released in 1991) | Atari Corporation(U.S.) | Motorola 68000 | 32-bit |
| WOWOW[36] | cancelled (supposed to be released in 1992) | Taito(Japan) | Motorola 68000 | 16-bit / 32-bit (CPU) |
| SNES-CD | cancelled (development stopped in 1993) | Nintendo(Japan) | ? | 16-bit |
| Sega Neptune | cancelled (supposed to be released in Fall 1995) | Sega(Japan) | ? | 32-bit |
| L600 | cancelled (development stopped in April 2001) | Indrema(U.S.) | x86@ 600 MHz | 32-bit |
| Panasonic M2 | cancelled (supposed to be released in 1997) | Panasonic(Japan) | DualPowerPC 602Processors @ 66 MHz | 64-bit (dual 32-bit) |
| Phantom | cancelled (supposed to be released in September 2005) | Phantom(U.S.) | ? | ? |
| Chameleon | cancelled (supposed to be released in 2016) | Coleco Holdings Retro | ? | ? |
See also
editNotes
edit- ^This number is always up to date bythis script.
- ^The Videopac+ G7400 was planned to be released in America as the Odyssey³ Command Center, with a different case design, but it never occurred, although some prototypes exist.
- ^Add-on to Famicom - Japan only.
- ^SNK created the Neo Geo CD as a much cheaper alternative to the AES, lowering the price of games considerably, from ≈300$ to ≈50$. It's essentially an AES console with a media format change from cartridges to CDs, placing it in the fourth generation.
- ^abStarting with Microsoft's fiscal quarter ending June 2014 (Q4), the company stopped divulging individual platform sales in their fiscal reports and subsequent Xbox sales are based on industry estimates.[20][21][22][23]
- ^The Nintendo Switch was released during this period, but has been referred to as a hybrid video game console, combining features of home and handheld systems. This is why the Switch appears in both the list of home video game consoles and thelist of handheld game consoles.
- ^Although fully developed, functional, and with 2 games ready, the few Halcyon units that exist were handmade for investors of the company to try out the product, it is not believed that it ever went into full production or entered the market at all. Less than 12 main control units (Halcyon 200LD, the console itself) are known to exist, but more Halcyon branded Laserdisc players (LD-700, made by Pioneer) exist.[citation needed]
- ^The Krokha (Russian:Кроха,lit. 'Baby') was a Soviet console that was ready to launch in 1990, but production halted, only one game was made, and the approximately 200 consoles were given out to employees of the factory that manufactured it.[35]
References
edit- ^Edwards, Benj (August 26, 2016)."Son of PC: The History of x86 Game Consoles".PC Magazine.RetrievedJuly 31,2020.
- ^"AtGames to Launch Atari Flashback 4 to Celebrate Atari's 40th Anniversary!"(Press release).PR Newswire.November 12, 2012.Archivedfrom the original on November 27, 2012.RetrievedApril 11,2014.
- ^"Connor VideoSmarts, ComputerSmarts, and VideoPhone (partially lost VHS-based and cartridge-based edutainment games; 1986-1990) - The Lost Media Wiki".lostmediawiki.com.RetrievedAugust 1,2020.
- ^"Family Driver by Sega – The Video Game Kraken".RetrievedAugust 3,2020.
- ^"Picno by Konami – The Video Game Kraken".RetrievedAugust 1,2020.
- ^Blake Snow (May 4, 2007)."The 10 Worst-Selling Consoles of All Time".GamePro.com. Archived fromthe originalon September 5, 2008.RetrievedOctober 20,2018.
- ^"EDGAR Pro".google.brand.edgar-online.com.Archived fromthe originalon February 25, 2021.RetrievedJune 26,2021.
- ^Numérique, Planète (January 27, 2021)."DVD Kids: une télécommandes et des jeux intéractifs pour jeunes enfant en DVD-Video signé Berchet!".Planète Numérique.RetrievedJanuary 27,2021.
- ^"VP Final - MP4".YouTube.December 20, 2008.RetrievedAugust 14,2012.
- ^"Earnings Release FY13 Q4".Microsoft.RetrievedMay 7,2014.
- ^"Earnings Release FY14 Q1".Microsoft.RetrievedMay 7,2014.
- ^"Earnings Release FY14 Q2".Microsoft.RetrievedMay 7,2014.
- ^"Earnings Release FY14 Q3".Microsoft.RetrievedMay 7,2014.
- ^"PlayStation 3 Sales Reach 80 Million Units Worldwide"(Press release).Sony Computer Entertainment.RetrievedNovember 6,2013.
- ^"IR Information: Sales Data - Hardware and Software Sales Units".Nintendo Co., Ltd. December 31, 2016.RetrievedJanuary 31,2017.
- ^Tectoy, Qualcomm Aim Emerging Video Game Markets with Zeebo. Zeebo Presents Gaming For The Next BillionArchivedAugust 6, 2011, at theWayback Machine// XBit Labs, Anton Shilov, March 23, 2009
- ^"IR Information: Sales Data - Hardware and Software Sales Units".Nintendo Co., Ltd.RetrievedFebruary 10,2017.
- ^Star, Gunz (March 31, 2021)."Cumulative Worldwide Hardware Unit Sales (Sell-in)".www.sie.com.
- ^"Xbox One Sales Reportedly Pass 41 Million as PS4 Nears 100 Million".January 27, 2019.
- ^"Earnings Release FY14 Q3".Microsoft.April 24, 2014.RetrievedApril 24,2014.
Microsoft sold in 2.0 million Xbox console units, including 1.2 million Xbox One consoles.
- ^"Earnings Release FY14 Q4".Microsoft.July 22, 2014.RetrievedAugust 13,2014.
We sold in 1.1 million consoles in the fourth quarter, as we drew down channel inventory, compared to 1.0 million consoles during the prior year.
- ^Futter, Mike (October 22, 2015)."[Update] Microsoft Will Focus Primarily On Xbox Live Usership, Not Console Shipments".Game Informer.Archived fromthe originalon October 24, 2015.RetrievedOctober 22,2015.
- ^"Microsoft Annual Meeting of Shareholders".Microsoft.December 3, 2014.RetrievedJanuary 31,2015.
Finally, our gaming business is thriving with the Xbox One hitting 10 million units sold. I am thrilled to welcome Mojang and Minecraft community to Microsoft.
- ^"Nintendo Switch Has Now Sold Over 107 Million Units".Nintendo Life.May 10, 2022.RetrievedMay 24,2022.
- ^Makuch, Eddie (October 27, 2021)."Xbox Series X|S Sales Reach 8 Million, Game Pass Climbs Above 20 Million - Analyst".GameSpot.RetrievedOctober 27,2021.
- ^Hood, Vic; Pino, Nick; June 2021, Adam Vjestica 01 (August 25, 2021)."Xbox Series X review".TechRadar.
{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^"Xbox Series S specs list".September 8, 2020.
- ^Dealessandri, Marie (October 28, 2021)."Sony's quarterly game revenues rise to $10.8bn as PS5 sales pass 13m".GamesIndustry.biz.RetrievedOctober 28,2021.
- ^"PS5 review".September 22, 2021.
- ^"Atari returns with the new Atari VCS on 10 June".RetrievedDecember 7,2021.
- ^"Amico Tech Specs — Intellivision Entertainment".Intellivision Entertainment.RetrievedJanuary 7,2020.
- ^"Meet Amico - Hardware Design".Intellivision Entertainment. October 10, 2020.RetrievedOctober 11,2020.
- ^Machkovech, Sam (June 29, 2021)."What the heck's an Intellivision Amico? Console's leaky dev portal offers hints".Ars Technica.RetrievedJuly 6,2021.
- ^Mlot, Stephanie."Does Your PS5 Include a Built-In Chicken Warmer? The KFConsole Does".PC Mag.RetrievedJuly 3,2024.
- ^ab"Archived copy".Archivedfrom the original on February 20, 2020.RetrievedFebruary 20,2020.
{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^"Wowow: The 1990s Taito Console That Never Was".Den of Geek.August 12, 2015.RetrievedAugust 1,2020.