Hutzler's,orHutzler Brothers Company,was adepartment storefounded in Baltimore by Abram G. Hutzler (1836–1927) in 1858.[1]From its beginning as a smalldry goodsstore at the corner of Howard and Clay Streets indowntown Baltimore,Hutzler's eventually grew into a chain of 10 department stores, all of which were located in Maryland.[2]
 | |
| Industry | Retail |
|---|---|
| Founded | 1858 |
| Defunct | 1990 |
| Fate | Liquidation |
| Headquarters | Baltimore, Maryland |
Key people | Abram Hutzler,founder |
| Products | Fashion apparel, shoes, accessories, and cosmetics. |
Early years
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At age 23, Abram Hutzler was not yet old enough to secure credit; his father,Moses Hutzler,signed the official documents Abram needed to open the store in July 1858. Although the store originally traded asM. Hutzler & Son,Moses Hutzler was otherwise not involved in the business.[3]
After Abram brought his two brothers, Charles and David, into the business in 1867, the retail store was left in David's hands while Abram and Charles operated a wholesale business.[1]The retail store expanded into three other storefronts on Howard Street in 1874, 1881 and 1887, gradually transforming into a department store.[4]Abram and Charles discontinued the wholesale business in 1888 to concentrate on the company's retail operations.[1]
The original Howard Street locations were razed in 1888 and replaced by the five-storyHutzler Brothers Palace Building,designed by the architectural firm ofBaldwin & Pennington.An example ofneoclassical architecture,[2]the Palace was added to theNational Register of Historic Placesin 1984.[5]Its exterior features included Nova Scotia gray stone, carved withArabesqueheads and foliage, and large display windows. Facing Clay Street, a keystone carved with the image of Moses Hutzler was placed over a display window. The new store was organized into several departments and employed 200 workers.[6]
In 1908, the company incorporated as Hutzler Brothers Company of Baltimore City. This was later amended to Hutzler Brothers Company.[1]
When Hutzler's opened its Colonial Tea Room on the fourth floor of the Palace building in 1917, more than one thousand people dined there. As well as providing shoppers with a convenient and popular dining location, the Tea Room also served as a venue for fashion shows.[7]
Innovative retail practices
editAn innovator of progressive retailing practices, Hutzler's established theone-pricepolicy in 1868.[1][4]With one-pricing, all customers pay the same price, set by the store for a specific item, for specific period of time. This policy replaced the process ofhigglingorhagglingto negotiate prices determined by the bargaining skill of individual customers. One-pricing for basic commodities was practiced before the Civil War,[8]but Hutzler's may have been the first retailer to apply the policy to such a broad range of merchandise, including every item in the store.
Hutzler's led the retailing industry as one of the first to establish a liberal return policy, granting refunds to dissatisfied customers, and the first Maryland retailer with its own fleet of delivery trucks.[1]It is also believed to be the first retail chain that did not discriminate against African-American customers.[2]They operated the first bargain counter during the civil war.[1]
Downtown expansion
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A five-story building on Saratoga Street and two smaller buildings on Howard Street were added to the Hutzler's downtown location in 1916. Then in 1924 another five floors were added to the Saratoga Street building, bringing it up to 10 floors.[9]Hutzler's Downstairs, an outlet for discounted merchandise, opened in the store's basement in September 1929.[2]
A five-storyart decostyle expansion to the downtown store, described as "Greater Hutzlers", opened on October 1, 1932. This building eventually extended to nine floors and became known as the Tower building.[2]
When it reached the peak of its operations in the 1950s, the Downtown location covered 325,000 square feet (30,200 m2) of retail space.[2]
Suburban expansion
editIn 1952, after nearly 100 years exclusively on the original site, Hutzler's opened its first branch store inTowson, Maryland.[1]Other stores followed atWestview Mall,Eastpoint Mall,Southdale Center (this location was moved toHarundale Mall),Security Square Mall,Harford Mall,White Marsh Mall,andSalisbury Mall.In 1980, a small store in theInner Harborarea was opened.[2]
Designed for customers using automobiles, rather than pedestrian traffic, the Towson Hutzler's lacked the showcase windows of the downtown store. On the third floor of the Towson Hutzler's, customers dining in the store's Valley View Room, also known as the Tea Room, enjoyed a view overlooking the historicHampton Mansion.The store restaurant had its own bakery, featuringLady Baltimore cakeandGouchercake.[10]Like the Tea Room in the Palace building downtown, the Valley View Room in the Towson Hutzler's also held fashion shows.[11]
Declining years
editIn response to declining business in the 1980s, Hutzler's hired Angelo Arena fromMarshall Field'sin 1983 to take charge of the company and reverse the downward trend. In the Fall of 1984, he moved the downtown store from its original location into the new Atrium building next door, site ofHochschild Kohn'sformer downtown location. The "Palace" name was also moved to the new building. By the time Arena arrived in 1983, the Hutzler's Palace store had contracted to 95,000 square feet (8,800 m2) of retail floor space. Its new location in the Atrium building reduced Hutzler's to 70,000 square feet.[2]
The move to the Atrium was part of a five-year plan, announced by Arena in August 1984, to buy four Hochshild Kohn's locations and to expand Hutzler's from eight to 15 stores in the Baltimore area.[12]
Arena's efforts were unsuccessful. Hutzler's began closing stores, first with the Inner Harbor store in December 1986. The other locations followed until 1990, when all were gone.[2][13]
Hutzler's remained a family-owned, Maryland business throughout its 132 years. Its downtown location is believed to hold the record among American department stores for the longest survival at an original location. David A. Hutzler, who joined the company's board in 1976, remained at his position until the company closed in 1990, without going through bankruptcy or lawsuits as its operations ended and assets were liquidated.[14]
Literature
edit- Michael Lisicky(2009).Hutzler's: Where Baltimore shops.The History Press, Charleston, SC.ISBN978-1-59629-828-6.
- Baltimore's Bygone Department Stores: Many Happy Returns.The History Press. 2012.ISBN978-1-60949-667-8.
- Suzanne Loudermilk and Kit Waskom Pollard (2019).Lost Restaurants of Baltimore.American Palate.ISBN978-1-46714-066-9.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^abcdefghDonna Ellis (July 1987)."Hutzler Brothers Company 1784-1977".Library of Maryland History.Maryland Historical Society.
- ^abcdefghi"Grande Dame Department Stores: Hutzler's".Baltimore Ghosts: Vintage Buildings.Archived fromthe originalon April 4, 2012.RetrievedMay 3,2012.
- ^Lisicky, p. 17.
- ^abLisicky, p. 18.
- ^"National Register Information System".National Register of Historic Places.National Park Service.April 15, 2008.
- ^Lisicky, p. 19
- ^Loudermilk and Pollard, p. 39-40
- ^James D. Norris (Winter 1962). "One-Price Policy among Antebellum Country Stores".Business History Review.36(4): 455–458.doi:10.2307/3111918.JSTOR3111918.
- ^Lisicky, p. 22
- ^Lisicky, p. 46.
- ^Loudermilk and Pollard, p. 41
- ^Ellen L. James (August 22, 1984)."Hutzler's plans bigger volume, more outlets".The Baltimore Sun.Archived fromthe originalon January 31, 2013.
- ^Tyler Waldman (September 25, 2010)."Hutzler's Trades In".Towson Patch.RetrievedAugust 8,2011.
- ^Lisicky, p. 131.