Indiranais a genus offrogsin the familyRanixalidae.[1][2]These frogs areendemicto theWestern GhatsofIndia.They are sometimes known under the common nameIndian frogs,[3]whereas members of their parent family are named "leaping frogs".[1][4]
| Indirana | |
|---|---|
| |
| AdultIndirana semipalmata | |
Scientific classification
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Ranixalidae |
| Genus: | Indirana Laurent,1986 |
| Type species | |
| Polypedates beddomii Günther,1876
| |
| Diversity | |
| 14 species (seetext) | |
Indiranarepresent an ancient radiation of frogs that diverged from all other frogs almost 50 million years ago. This has creditedIndirana gundiaas a status of one of the "Top 100Evolutionarily Distinct and Globally Endangered Amphibians".[5]
Description
editIndiranaspecies are small and slender-bodied frogs. They are typically found in leaf litter or near streams.[4]Thetadpoleshave hind limbs and finless tails, and are able to leap away to escape threats.[5][6]
Taxonomy
editTraditional classifications place the genus within the subfamilyRanixalinaeof the familyRanidae,along with the generaNannophrysandNyctibatrachus.[7]The Ranixalinae have also been placed under the familyNyctibatrachidae.[8]Darrel R. Frostet al.(2006) placed them within the familyPetropedetidae.[9][10]
Species
editNew species are still being discovered:Indirana salelkariwas discovered in theNetravali Wildlife Sanctuaryin the Indian state of Goa anddescribedin late July 2015.[11]The following species are recognised in the genusIndirana:[3]
- Indirana beddomii(Günther, 1876)
- Indirana bhadraiGarg and Biju, 2016
- Indirana brachytarsus(Günther, 1876)
- Indirana chiravasiPadhye, Modak, andDahanukar,2014
- Indirana duboisiDahanukar,Modak, Krutha, Nameer, Padhye, and Molur, 2016
- Indirana gundia(Dubois, 1986)
- Indirana leithii(Boulenger, 1888)
- Indirana longicrus(Rao, 1937)
- Indirana paramakriGarg and Biju, 2016
- Indirana salelkariModak,Dahanukar,and Padhye, 2015
- Indirana sarojammaDahanukar,Modak, Krutha, Nameer, Padhye, and Molur, 2016
- Indirana semipalmata(Boulenger, 1882)
- Indirana tysoniDahanukar,Modak, Krutha, Nameer, Padhye, and Molur, 2016
- Indirana yaderaDahanukar,Modak, Krutha, Nameer, Padhye, and Molur, 2016
References
edit- ^abFrost, Darrel R. (2015)."Ranixalidae Dubois, 1987".Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0.American Museum of Natural History.Retrieved7 August2015.
- ^"Ranixalidae".AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application].Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb. 2015.Retrieved7 August2015.
- ^abFrost, Darrel R. (2015)."IndiranaLaurent, 1986 ".Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0.American Museum of Natural History.Retrieved7 August2015.
- ^abVitt, Laurie J.; Caldwell, Janalee P. (2014).Herpetology: An Introductory Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles(4th ed.). Academic Press. p. 503.
- ^ab"Gundia Indian Frog (Indirana gundia) ".EDGE of Existence programme.Zoological Society of London.Retrieved1 June2014.
- ^Veeranagoudar, D. K.; Radder, R. S.; Shanbhag, B. A.; Saidapur, S. K. (2009). "Jumping behavior of semiterrestrial tadpoles ofIndirana beddomii(Günth.): relative importance of tail and body size ".Journal of Herpetology.43(4): 680–684.doi:10.1670/08-158.1.S2CID86364626.
- ^George R. Zug; Laurie J. Vitt; Janalee P. Caldwell (2001).Herpetology: An Introductory Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles.Academic Press. p. 430.ISBN978-0-12-782622-6.
- ^"Ranixalinae".ZipCodeZoo, BayScience Foundation, Inc. Archived fromthe originalon 2 June 2014.Retrieved6 March2012.
- ^Frost, D. R.; Grant, T.; Faivovich, J. N.; Bain, R. H.; Haas, A.; Haddad, C. L. F. B.; De Sá, R. O.; Channing, A.; Wilkinson, M.; Donnellan, S. C.; Raxworthy, C. J.; Campbell, J. A.; Blotto, B. L.; Moler, P.; Drewes, R. C.; Nussbaum, R. A.; Lynch, J. D.; Green, D. M.; Wheeler, W. C. (2006)."The Amphibian Tree of Life".Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History.297:1–291.doi:10.1206/0003-0090(2006)297[0001:TATOL]2.0.CO;2.hdl:2246/5781.S2CID86140137.
- ^Michael F. Barej; Mark-Oliver Rödel; Legrand Nono Gonwouo; Olivier S.G. Pauwels; Wolfgang Böhme; Andreas Schmitz (2010). "Review of the genusPetropedetesReichenow, 1874 in Central Africa with the description of three new species (Amphibia: Anura: Petropedetidae) ".Zootaxa(2340): 1–49.
- ^"Newly discovered frog species named after Goan forest officer".Business Standard.Press Trust of India. 29 July 2015.Retrieved2 August2015.
External links
edit