Ismail bey Gasprinsky(also written asGaspiraliandGasprinski;Crimean Tatar:اسماعیل بك غصپرینسکی,İsmail bey Gaspıralı;Russian:Исмаи́л Гаспри́нскийIsmail Gasprinskii;20 March [O.S.8 March] 1851 – 24 September [O.S.11 September] 1914) was aCrimean Tatarintellectual, educator, publisher andPan-Turkistpolitician who inspired theJadidistmovement inCentral Asia.He was one of the firstMuslimintellectuals in theRussian Empire,who realized the need for education and cultural reform and modernization of the Turkic and Islamic communities. His last name comes from the town ofGasprainCrimea.
Ismail Gasprinski | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 20 March [O.S.8 March] 1851 |
| Died | 24 September [O.S.11 September] 1914 (aged 63) |
| Nationality | Crimean Tatar |
| Occupation(s) | intellectual,educator,publisherandpolitician |
Biography
edit
Ismail communicated his ideas mainly through the newspaperTercimanhe founded in 1883,[1]which existed till 1918. In his publications he called for unity and solidarity among the Turkic peoples and advocated their modernization through Europeanization. Ismail believed that the only way for modernization was through education. He widely advocated for the introduction of an education reform,[1]and criticized the traditional education system in Muslim schools focusing much on religion and devised a new method of teaching children how to read effectively in theirmother tongueand introduced curricular reforms.
He supported the creation of a common literary language[1]and therefore developed a "pan-Turkic" language, a simplified form of Turkish omitting words imported fromArabicandPersian,which was intended to be understood by "the boatman of the Bosphorus and by the camel driver of Kashgar."[2]TheTercümenhad subscribers in the Caucasus, amongstMuslimsin the Russian Empire,EgyptandIran.[1]
In his 1881 bookRussian Muslimshe wrote:[3]
"Our ignorance is the main reason for our backward condition. We have no access at all to what has been discovered and to what is going on inEurope.We must be able to read in order to overcome our isolation; we must learn European ideas from European sources. We must introduce into ourprimaryandsecondary schoolssubjects that will permit our pupils to have such access ".
Ismail also initiated a new journal for women,Alem-i Nisvan(Women's World), edited by his daughter Şefiqa, as well as a publication for children,Alem-i Subyan(World of Children). Ismail was one of the founders of Union of Muslims (İttifaq-i Müslimin), created inSaint Petersburgin January 1906 and uniting members of intelligentsia from various Muslim Turkic peoples of the Russian Empire.[4]He was also one of the main organizers of the first All-Russian Muslim congresses, aimed at introducing social and religious reforms among the Muslim peoples of Russia.[4]
He inspired the movement known asJadidism.[5]In 1912, Gasprinski visited British India.[6]
Legacy
editIsmail Gasprinskyi street exists inKyiv.
Awards
edit- Order of the Medjidie,4th Class (Ottoman Empire)
- Order of the Lion and the Sun,3rd and 4th Class (Persia)
- Order of the Noble Bukhara in Gold,3rd Class (Bukhara Emirate)
- Medal of the Russian Technical Society ofSt. Petersburgin Bronze
See also
editSources
edit- Kirimli, H. (1993). The "Young Tatar" Movement in the Crimea, 1905-1909. Cahiers Du Monde Russe Et Soviétique, 34(4), 529-560.[7]
- Kuttner, Thomas (1975). "Russian Jadīdism and the Islamic world: Ismail Gasprinskii in Cairo, 1908. A call to the Arabs for the rejuvenation of the Islamic world".Cahiers du Monde Russe et Soviétique.16(3): 383–424.doi:10.3406/cmr.1975.1247.
References
edit- ^abcdShissler, Ada Holland (2003).Between Two Empires: Ahmet Agaoglu and the New Turkey.London: I.B.Tauris. p. 130.ISBN186064855X.
- ^Shissler, Ada Holland (2003).Between Two Empires: Ahmet Agaoglu and the New Turkey.London: I.B.Tauris. pp. 43–45.ISBN186064855X.
- ^""Ismail Bey Gasprinski" by Rizaeddin Fahreddin ".Iccrimea.org.Archived fromthe originalon 10 April 2017.Retrieved17 December2017.
- ^abLandau, Jacob M.; Landau, Gersten Professor of Political Science Jacob M.; Landau, Yaʻaqov M. (1995).Pan-Turkism: From Irredentism to Cooperation.Indiana University Press. pp.11–12.ISBN9780253328694.
- ^"Gasprinski, Ismail Bey - Oxford Islamic Studies Online".Oxfordislamicstudies.com.Archived fromthe originalon March 3, 2016.Retrieved17 December2017.
- ^DEVLET, NADİR (2004)."STUDIES IN THE POLITICS, HISTORY AND CULTURE OF TURKIC PEOPLES".India from Turkish/Turkic Perspective in the beginning of 20th Century.Istanbul: Yeditepe University. p. 186.Retrieved17 December2017.
- ^Kirimli, Hakan (17 December 1993). "The" Young Tatar "Movement in the Crimea, 1905-1909".Cahiers du Monde Russe et Soviétique.34(4): 529–560.doi:10.3406/cmr.1993.2368.hdl:11693/48504.JSTOR20170880.
External links
edit- Zaynabidin, Abdirashidov (July 2015)."Gasprinski (Gaspıralı), İsmail".Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three.Retrieved17 December2017.
- Essays on life and activity of İsmail GaspıralıArchived2017-07-18 at theWayback MachinePresented by the International Committee for Crimea, Washington, D.C.
