Wikipedia

Jimmy Lai

This is thelatest accepted revision,reviewedon30 October 2024.

"Li Zhiying" redirects here. For the Singaporean singer, seeMaia Lee.
In thisHong Kong name,thesurnameisLai.In accordance with Hong Kong custom, the Western-style name is Jimmy Lai and the Chinese-style name is Lai Chee-ying.

Lai Chee-ying(Chinese:Lê trí anh;born 8 December 1947[4]), also known asJimmy Lai,is a Hong Kong businessman and politician. He foundedGiordano,an Asian clothing retailer,Next Digital(formerly Next Media), a Hong Kong-listed media company, and the popular newspaperApple Daily.He is one of the main contributors to thepro-democracy camp,especially to theDemocratic Party.Although he is known as a Hong Kong political figure, he has been a British national since 1996.[5]Lai is also an art collector.[6]

Jimmy Lai
Lê trí anh
Lai at theU.S. Capitolin 2019
Born
Lai Chee-ying

(1947-12-08)8 December 1947(age 76)[1]
Canton,Republic of China
NationalityChinese[2]
British[3]
Occupations
  • Entrepreneur
  • activist
TitleFounder and ex-chairman ofNext Digital
Founder ofGiordano International
Criminal charges
  • Fraud (convicted, 69-month jail)
  • Sedition
  • Collusion
Websitefreejimmylai.com
Jimmy Lai
ChineseLê trí anh
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinLí Zhìyīng
Yue: Cantonese
JyutpingLai4Zi3Jing1

A prominent critic of theChinese Communist Party,who met with U.S. Vice PresidentMike Pence,Secretary of StateMike Pompeo,and National Security AdvisorJohn Boltonin July 2019 during theHong Kong protests,[7]Laiwas arrestedon 10 August 2020 by theHong Kong policeon charges of violating the territory's newnational security law,[8][9][10]an action which prompted widespread criticism.[11][12][13]Lai was allowed bail on 12 August, but on 3 December, Lai was accused of fraud and his bail was revoked. The court decided to jail Lai until April 2021, marking the first time Lai has been detained. Lai regarded his imprisonment as "the summit of his own life".[14]

In December 2020, Lai was awarded the "Freedom of Press Award" byReporters Without Bordersfor his role in foundingApple Daily,a news outlet under Lai's pro-democracy leadership that "still dares to openly criticise the Chinese regime and which widely covered last year's pro-democracy protests."[15][16]On 29 December, Lai resigned from his roles with Next Digital as director and chairman of the board.[17][18]

In April 2021, he was sentenced to an additional 14 months in prison for organizing illegal protests.[19]As of September 2023, Lai remains imprisoned in solitary confinement at Hong Kong’sStanley Prison.[20]

On 19 August 2024, a motion for anAppealwas rejected. He is insolitary confinement.[21]

Early life

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Lai was born in Canton (Guangzhou),China,on 8 December 1947. At the age of 12, he entered Hong Kong as a stowaway on a boat.[22]Upon his arrival, Lai began work as a child labourer in a garment factory for a wage of the equivalent of US$8 per month.[23]Lai is a practisingCatholic.[24]

Business career

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Giordano

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Lai's factory work saw him rise to the position of factory manager.[25]In 1975, Lai used his year-end bonus on Hong Kong stocks to raise cash and bought a bankrupt garment factory, Comitex, where he began producing sweaters. Customers includedJ.C. Penney,Montgomery Ward,and other U.S. retailers.[citation needed]

By rewarding sellers with financial incentives in Hong Kong, he built the chain into an Asia-wide retailer. Giordano was said to have more than 8,000 employees in 2,400 shops in 30 countries.[26]

Lai has kept Comitex active as a shell company since he left the garment industry for media and politics in the 1990s. After his arrest under National Security Law in August 2020, Lai tried to sell his asset in Hong Kong, including the entire floor of Tai Ping Industrial Centre. The current owner of the property is Comitex Knitters Ltd.[citation needed]Comitex, along with other private companies controlled by Lai, was reported to be the financial tools for his political activities and donations.[27]

Other companies

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In 1997 Lai put up the capital for his twin sister, Si Wai, to acquire numerous properties in the Southern Ontario wine and vacation region of Niagara-on-the-Lake.[28]The Lais Group of Companies now owns additional properties inCaledonandJordan,both in Ontario.[29]Lai remains the owner despite his arrest.[30]

During thedot-com boomof the late 1990s, Lai started an Internet-basedgrocery retailerthat offered home delivery services, adMart.[31]The business expanded its product scope beyond groceries to include electronics and office supplies, but was shut down after losing between $100 and $150 million.[32]Lai attributed this business failure to overconfidence and a lack of viable business strategy.[33]

In 2011, Next Media reportedly sold 70 per cent stake of Next Media's subsidiary Colored World Holdings (CWH, incorporated in the British Virgin Islands) to Sum Tat Ventures (STV, incorporated in the British Virgin Islands), a private company 100 per cent owned by Jimmy Lai.[34]CWH was estimated to have net asset value of US$6.1 million. STV paid US$100 million in cash for 70 per cent stake of CWH. In 2013, STV paid another US$20 million for the remaining 30 per cent stake of CWH.[34]CWH itself had its assets sold in 2011, and ceased operation in 2011. In total, STV paid US$120 million in cash for CWH. On Lai's Form 3B disclosure form, STV is listed as having the same correspondence address as Next Media in Hong Kong.[35]

Near the end of 2013, Lai spent approximately US$73 million (or NT$2.3 billion) to purchase a 2 per cent stake (~17 million shares) in Taiwanese electronics manufacturerHTC.[36]

Activities in Myanmar

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In 2014, leaked documents showed Jimmy Lai paid former US deputy defence secretary and former World Bank presidentPaul WolfowitzUS$75,000 for his help with projects in Myanmar. Lai also reportedly remitted approximately US$213,000 to businessman Phone Win, with whom Lai's Hong Kong-registered Best Combo company reportedly collaborated on Yangon real estate projects.[37]

Media career

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Lai pioneered a reader-centric philosophy withpaparazzijournalism in Hong Kong based on publications such asUSA TodayandThe Sun.[38]His best-sellingNext MagazineandApple Dailynewspaper featured a mix of racy tabloid material and news items oriented to the mass market with plenty of colour and graphics that attracts a wide range of readers, some of whom are also critics of Lai and his ideology.[39]

Hong Kong publications

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Owing to the1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre,Lai became an advocate of democracy and critic of the People's Republic of China government.[40]He began publishingNext Magazine,which combined tabloid sensationalism with hard-hitting political and business reporting. He proceeded to found other magazines, includingSudden Weekly(Hốt nhiên nhất chu),Eat & Travel Weekly(Ẩm thực nam nữ),Trading Express/Auto Express(Giao dịch thông / uấn xa khoái tuyến) and the youth-orientedEasy Finder(Nhất bổn tiện lợi).[41]

In 1995, as theHong Kong handoverapproached, Lai foundedApple Daily,a newspaperstart-upthat he financed with $100 million of his own money.[42]The newspaper's circulation rose to 400,000 copies by 1997,[43]which was the territory's second largest among 60 other newspapers.[44]According to Lai, he aspired to maintainfreedom of speechin Hong Kong throughApple Daily.[45]In addition to promoting democracy, Lai's publications often ruffled feathers of fellow Hong Kong tycoons by exposing their personal foibles and relations with local government.[46]

In 2003, ahead of the record-breaking pro-democracy protests in Hong Kong during July, the cover ofNext Magazinefeatured a photo-montage of the territory's embattledchief executiveTung Chee-Hwataking a pie in the face. The magazine urged readers to take to the streets whileApple Dailydistributed stickers calling for Tung to resign.[47]

In 2006,Sudden WeeklyandNext Magazineranked first and second in circulation for Hong Kong's magazine market.[48]Apple Dailybecame the No. 2 newspaper in Hong Kong.[48]

In 2020, Lai launched an English version ofApple Daily.[49]

Taiwan publications

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Lai launched Taiwanese editions ofNext Magazinein 2001 andApple Dailyin 2003, taking on heavily established rivals who made considerable effort to thwart him. Rival publishers pressed advertisers to boycott and distributors not to undertake home delivery. His Taiwan offices were vandalised on numerous occasions.[50]As the publications grew to have the largest readership in their category, the advertising boycotts ended.[48]

In October 2006, Lai launchedSharp Daily(Shuang Bao in Mandarin), a free daily newspaper targeting Taipei commuters.[51]The company also launchedMe! Magazinein Taiwan.[52]

In building Taiwan's most popular newspaper,Apple Daily,and magazine,Next Magazine,Lai's racy publications were described as having a great impact on the country's hitherto staid media culture.[53]

Publication challenges

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Lai's publications remained banned in China since their inception.[25]The ban originated from Lai's 1994 newspaper column, where he toldPremier of the PRCLi Peng,seen as a driving force behind the Tiananmen Square crackdown, to "drop dead".[54]He also called theChinese Communist Party"a monopoly that charges a premium for lousy service".[55]China's government retaliated against Lai by starting a shutdown of Giordano shops, prompting him to sell out of the company to save it.[25]In addition to having his publications banned in China, businesses had distanced themselves from placing advertisements inApple Dailyto avoid retaliation from the Chinese government.[56][57]

Lai had frequently faced hostility from the many Beijing-backed tycoons, including attempts to force supplier boycotts of his companies. Major Hong Kong property developers and top companies advertised only in competing publications not owned by Lai.[58]He also faced a lengthy battle to list on theHong Kong Stock Exchange,which Lai sidestepped through areverse takeover.He managed to list the company in 1999 by acquiring Paramount Publishing Group in October of that year.[59][60]

In 2020, Apple Daily published a falsehood-ridden 64-page report produced by Typhoon Investigations alleging Joe Biden's sonHunterhad a "problematic" connection with the Chinese Communist Party, which was widely cited by far-right influencers such asSteve Bannon.[61][62][63]AnNBC Newsreport linked the Typhoon Investigations to a fake "intelligence firm" and claimed that the author of the document, a self-identified Swiss security analyst named Martin Aspen, was a "fabricated identity". The original poster of the document, Christopher Balding, admitted that he wrote parts of the document and later stated that the document had been commissioned byApple Daily.[64]Lai later said that he had personally "nothing to do with" the report, but he admitted his senior executive, Mark Simon, had "worked with the project". Simon resigned following the NBC report and apologised for having "allowed damage to Jimmy on a matter he was completely in the dark on".[65]The report was among many incidents many US democracy experts believe was instrumental in the cause of the2021 insurrectionthere.[66]

Political activities

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Lai andMartin Leeat1 July marches,2013

Lai is a longtime champion of the Hong Kongpro-democracymovement.[67][68]According to Lai,The Road to SerfdombyFriedrich Hayekinspired him to fight for freedom.[69]His advocacy had been expressed through his business ventures, such as distributing Giordano t-shirts with portraits of student leaders.[70]His high-profile support for the pro-democracy movements came under strong condemnation from the Chinese government.[71][72]As the proprietor of one of few that journals that has remained staunchly supportive of the pro-democracy cause, challenging Chinese Communist Party rule, Lai is considered an "anti-China troublemaker".[73]In May 2020, Lai toldCNN newsthat US presidentDonald Trumpwas "the only one who can save us" from China, with Apple Daily publishing a similar plea addressed to Trump the same month.[74]In the2020 United States elections,Lai backed Trump, praising the latter for his "hardline approach" to Beijing.[75]

On 13 December 2014, Lai was one of the pro-democracy leaders arrested during the clearance of the Admiralty protest site of theUmbrella Movement.On the following day, Lai announced he would step down as head of Next Media "to spend more time with his family and further pursue his personal interests."[76]

Lai had been the target of hostile attacks and disturbances, including the leaving of machetes, axes and threatening messages in his driveway.[77]He had been rammed by a car, and his home was firebombed several times, most recently in 2019.[78][79]Lai's aide and Next Media spokesman Mark Simon condemned these attacks and stated, "This is a continual effort to intimidate the press in Hong Kong. This is raw and pure intimidation."[80]Some activists felt that theHong Kong Police Forceand theHong Kong government,which have been Chinese-controlled since thehandover in 1997,did not always follow up on these misconducts against Lai, and that culprits are rarely found.[81]

During the early hours of 12 January 2015, two masked men hurled petrol bombs at Lai's home on Kadoorie Avenue inKowloon Tong.At the same time, a petrol bomb was thrown at theNext Mediaheadquarters inTseung Kwan O Industrial Estate.[82]The fires were extinguished by security guards. The perpetrators fled and two cars used in the attacks were found torched inShek Kip MeiandCheung Sha Wan.The crimes were denounced as an "attack on press freedom".[83]

Meeting with US House Speaker Nancy Pelosi andMartin Leeon the topic of Hong Kong's pro-democracy protest. October 2019.
Lai met with US Vice President Pence to discuss Hong Kong pro-democracy protests. July 2019.

Between July and November 2019 Lai was able to meet with US Vice PresidentMike Penceand later with US House SpeakerNancy Pelosito discuss the Hong Kong protests. Lai said, 'We in Hong Kong are fighting for the shared values of the US against China. We are fighting their war in the enemy camp.'[84]Pelosi published a photograph of herself, Lai, along with Martin Lee and Janet Pang and supporting words to the Hong Kong protesters.[85][86]Lai also later met with then US National Security AdviserJohn Bolton.Bloomberg reporter, Nicholas Wadham tweeted that the meeting was meant to send a signal to Beijing, as it was very "unusual for non governmental visitors to get this kind of access".[87]

On 28 February 2020, Lai was arrested for illegal assembly during his attendance in the2019–2020 Hong Kong protests,and for allegedly intimidating anOriental Dailyreporter after the reporter took photos of him in 2017.[88]His case was scheduled to be heard at Eastern Law Court on 5 May.[89]On 18 April 2020, Lai was among 15 high-profile democracy figures arrested in Hong Kong. According to a police statement, his arrest was based on suspicion of organising, publicizing or taking part in several unauthorized assemblies between August and October 2019.[90][91]

On 3 September 2020, Lai was found not guilty of theOriental Dailycriminal intimidation charge.[92]

In December 2020,BBC Newsinterviewed him when he was temporarily out on bail and continuing his activism from Apple Daily newsroom. Lai tearfully admitted his fear for his family as he continues his activism. He stated that if he ended up in jail, then he was living his life meaningfully. Lai stated that "If [the government] can induce fear in you, that's the easiest way to control you", adding that inducing fear was the cheapest and most effective way to control people.[93]

National security law and arrests

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Main article:Next Digital raid and arrests
Next Digital offices, raided by police on 10 August 2020

On 30 June 2020, theHong Kong national security lawwas enacted by China's parliament, by-passing theLegislative Council of Hong Kong.Before the law was enacted, Lai called it "a death knell for Hong Kong" and alleged that it would destroy the territory's rule of law.[94]

On 10 August 2020, Lai was arrested at his home for alleged collusion with foreign forces (a crime under the new national security law) and fraud. Other Next Digital staff were also arrested, and police searched the home of both Lai and his son.[94]Later in the morning, approximately 200 Hong Kong police officers raided the offices ofApple Dailyin Tseung Kwan O Industrial Estate, seizing around 25 boxes of materials.[95]HSBCtook the step to freeze his bank account.[96]

After Lai was arrested, the stock price ofNext Digitalrose as high as 331 per cent on 11 August.[97]Bail was set at HK$300,000 (approx. US$38,705), with asuretyof HK$200,000 (approx. US$25,803).Apple Dailysaid that more than 500,000 copies of its subsequent day's paper were printed, five times the usual number.[98]The front page of Apple Daily showed an image of Lai in handcuffs with the headline: "Apple Daily must fight on."[98]

TheHong Kong and Macao Affairs Office,an agency of mainland China, welcomed the arrest and called for Lai to be severely punished.[95]TheHong Kong Journalists Associationdescribed the raid as "horrendous" and unprecedented in Hong Kong.[99]TheDemocratic Partyaccused the government of trying to create achilling effectin the Hong Kong media industry.[13]Former governorChris Pattencalled the events "the most outrageous assault yet" on Hong Kong's press.[95]The head of theUniversity of Hong Kongjournalism department called the raid an "outrageous, shameful attack on press freedom".[13]

Photo of Lai as he was heading to court, 2 December 2020

On 2 December 2020, Lai reported to the police station as part of his bail condition for his August arrest related to ongoing national security law violation but was immediately arrested by police for alleged fraud, in that he and two Next Digital executives allegedly violated lease terms for Next Digital office space.[100]Police referred to a further investigation into possible national security law violation against one of the three, apparently referring to Lai. The case was adjourned until April 2021, with Lai being denied bail.[101]

On 11 December 2020, Lai became the first high-profile figure to be charged under the new national security law for allegedly conspiring and colluding with foreign forces to endanger national security.[102][103]The main evidence for those charges, according to the prosecutors, consisted of statements that Lai had made on Twitter.[104]He was accused of using Twitter and other media to requestforeign sanctionsagainst Hong Kong and mainland Chinese officials.[105]

On 23 December 2020, Lai was granted bail by the High Court with the following conditions: HK$10 million deposit; HK$100,000 deposit by each of his three guarantors; To remain at his home at all times, except when reporting to police or attending court hearings (de factohouse arrest); Surrender all travel documents; Banned from attending or hosting media interviews or programmes; Banned from publishing articles on any media, posting messages or comments on social media, including Twitter; Report to police thrice a week.[106]

On 31 December 2020, theHong Kong Court of Final Appealordered him back to prison after theDepartment of Justice,under prosecutorAnthony Chau Tin-hang,appealed his release on bail.[107][108]On 9 February 2021, Hong Kong's top court denied his bail;[109]a new bail application by Lai was rejected on 19 February.[105]

On 16 February 2021, Lai was arrested while in prison for aiding activist Andy Li in his ill-fatedattempt to escape to Taiwanwith eleven others in August 2020.[105]

On 1 April, he was convicted on a separate case over "unlawful assembly" during the 2019 protests along six other activists and politicians.[110][111]On 16 April 2021, he was sentenced to 14 months in prison for the unauthorised assembly charge.[112]As the sentencing was carried out, friends and family shouted "stand strong" and other words of support.[113]

In May 2021, Lai's assets were all frozen by the Hong Kong government, including all the shares of Next Digital Limited and the property and local bank accounts of three companies owned by him.[114]On 28 May 2021, Lai was sentenced to additional 14 months' imprisonment over his role in an unauthorised assembly in 2019. He must now serve 20 months in prison.[115][19]

On 9 December 2021, (whilst serving his 21 April 2021 sentence) Lai and two others were convicted for their roles in the bannedTiananmen candlelightvigil in Hong Kong. Lai, together withChow Hang-tung,a vice chairperson of the now-defunct vigil organiser theHong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements of China,and activist and former reporterGwyneth Howere convicted for either taking part in or inciting others to join the vigil.[116]On 13 December 2021, Lai was sentenced to additional 13 months' imprisonment over his role in the banned vigil.[117]

A documentary about the political activism of Lai was released by theActon Institutein 2022 to significant critical acclaim[third-party source needed]calledThe Hong Konger.[118][119]In the film, Lai refers to how COVID-19 was used as a pretext for banning protesters from organizing following the initial eruption of activity that came after the extradition law was first proposed in 2019. Lai went on to state that, "The younger generation and the older generation have never been so united." and that, "If we just surrender, we will lose everything." The documentary is also critical of the relationship between corporate investment and the lure to Western companies of Chinese markets and the potential for profit, as Jack Wolfsohn in theNational Reviewwrote: "The documentary mentioned Wall Street's complicity in human-rights violations committed by China. Wall Street is so focused on making profits, the documentary points out, that it ignores blatant human-rights violations committed by the Chinese government against the Uyghurs, Tibetans, and the Hong Kongers. Yet, Wall Street continues to invest in China. Lai's reaction to this greed was predictable:" Any company that will bow down to China... that will hurt the dignity of the American people. "[118]

At an event screening the film, Mark Clifford, president of the Committee for Freedom in Hong Kong, warned of future conflicts, specifically speaking of Taiwan and beyond, "It won't stop in Taiwan. Totalitarianism is a cancer. It's spreading."[118]

On 22 August 2022, Lai pled not-guilty to the charges related to "collusion with foreign forces."[120]

In late 2022,Paul Lamand the Department of Justice made several appeals to the court system, in an attempt to disallow Lai from using a UK lawyer,Tim Owen.[121]Upon rejection of the last appeal at theHigh Courton 28November 2022,[122]the government turned to theNPCSCto give an interpretation of the relevant passages of the National Security Law; on 30December, the NPCSC ruled in favour of the government, giving the chief executive the power to bar foreign lawyers from cases related to national security.[123]

On 10 December 2022, Lai was sentenced to five years and nine months, and fined 2 million Hong Kong dollars, over the fraud case.[124][125]

On 17 December 2023, the U.S.State Departmentagain called for Lai's release shortly before his trial was set to begin.[126]SpokespersonMatthew Millersaid: "We urge Beijing and Hong Kong authorities to respect press freedom in Hong Kong. Actions that stifle press freedom and restrict the free flow of information – as well as Beijing and local authorities’ changes to Hong Kong’s electoral system that reduce direct voting and preclude independent and pro-democracy party candidates from participating – have undermined Hong Kong’s democratic institutions and harmed Hong Kong’s reputation as an international business and financial hub."[127]In December 2023, British foreign secretaryDavid Cameroncalled for the release of Lai, calling the charges against him politically motivated.[128]

On 12 August 2024 the Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal rejected the appeals by Jimmy Lai and six others against conviction for taking part in an unauthorised procession. The appeal determined the scope of "operational proportionality" in relation to human rights in Hong Kong. The defendants were sentenced to imprisonment. Lai's sentence was not suspended. He remained in prison pending other charges related to national security.[129]Lord Neuberger(former President of theUK Supreme Court) immediately became embroiled in controversy as to his presence as a judge in Hong Kong.[130]

Films

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The Hong Konger: Jimmy Lai's Extraordinary Struggle for Freedom

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The Hong Konger: Jimmy Lai's Extraordinary Struggle for Freedom[119]is a documentary film produced by American think tankActon Institute.In the film, Lai's various businesses are highlighted, and Lai is shown to prioritise freedom of speech and pro-democracy stances over pure entrepreneurial or profit motives. Jack Wolfsohn ofNational Reviewsaid that the film "...sends a vital message about the importance of preserving liberty and fighting tyranny."[131][118][132]

The Call of the Entrepreneur

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The Call of the Entrepreneuris a documentary produced by Cold Water Media in which Jimmy Lai is one of the main subjects. The film premiered inGrand Rapids, Michigan,US on 17 May 2007.

Personal life

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Lai and his first wife, Judy, had three children. She left him for another man. In 1989 he met current wife Teresa, then a 24 year old college student; they married two years later, and have children together.[133][134]

Awards

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In June 2021, Lai received the 2021 Gwen Ifill Press Freedom Award from theCommittee to Protect Journalists,[135]and in December that year, together with the staff of shutteredApple Daily,theGolden Pen of Freedom Awardfrom theWorld Association of Newspapers and News Publishers.Sebastien Lai received the latter award on behalf of his incarcerated father.[136]

In April 2022, Lai was amongst five Hong Kong citizens to be nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize for "putting his freedom on the line".[137]

In May 2022, Lai was awarded an honorary degree fromThe Catholic University of America,for his faith and decision to remain in Hong Kong to fight for democracy. Due to his current imprisonment, the award was accepted by Lai's son, Sebastien.[138]

See also

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References

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