This articleneeds additional citations forverification.(May 2023) |
Jinju(Korean:진주;Korean pronunciation:[tɕin.dʑu]) is acityinSouth Gyeongsang Province,South Korea. It was the location of thefirst (1592)andsecond (1593)Sieges of Jinju by Japanese forces during theImjin War.TheRepublic of Korea Air Force Education and Training Commandis located in the eastern part of the city. There are cultural-historical tourist attractions in Jinju such asJinju Fortress,theJinju National Museum,and theNam-gang Prehistoric Site Museum.
Jinju
진주시 | |
|---|---|
| Korean transcription(s) | |
| •Hangul | 진주시 |
| •Hanja | Tấn châu thị |
| •Revised Romanization | Jinju-si |
| •McCune–Reischauer | Chinju-si |
 Jinju and Nam River | |
 Flag  Emblem of Jinju | |
 Location in South Korea | |
| Coordinates:35°12′N128°05′E/ 35.200°N 128.083°E | |
| Country |  South Korea |
| Region | Yeongnam |
| Administrative divisions | 1eup,15myeon,21dong |
| Government | |
| • Type | Mayor-Council |
| • Mayor | Cho Kyu-il (Liberty Korea) |
| • Members ofNational Assembly | Jinju A: Park Dae-chul (Liberty Korea) Jinju B: Kang Minkuk (People Power Party) |
| Area | |
• Total | 712.86 km2(275.24 sq mi) |
| Population (September 2024[1]) | |
• Total | 339,388 |
| • Density | 480/km2(1,200/sq mi) |
| • Dialect | Gyeongsang |
| Area code | (+82)-55- 7xx |
| Website | www |
History
editJinju was an ancient city of Goryeonggaya in the Gaya Era. This city was called 'Geoyeolseong' of Baekje during the Three Kingdom Era, and was called 'Geoyeolju', 'Cheongju', and 'Gangju' during the Unified Silla Era. Name of this city was changed into 'Jinju' for the first time in 940, the 23rd year of KingTaejo of the Goryeo Dynasty.It became 'Jinju-mok', one of 12 moks (local administrative units in Goryeo and Joseon Dynasty) in the 2nd year of King Seongjong (983).
Thesecond siege of Jinjuduring theJapanese invasion of Koreaended in the massacre of the entire garrison and a substantial portion of the population. Korean accounts mention that the death toll at Jinju was 60,000. According to Japanese accounts, they had sent 20,000 heads back to Japan after their victory.[2]
In the 33rd year of King Gojong of the Joseon Dynasty (1896), administrative district of the nation was reorganized with 13 provinces. At that time Jinju began to belong to Gyeongsangnam-do, and became capital town of Gyeongsangnam-do. And provincial governor started to reside in Jinju. On April 1, 1925, Busan replaced Jinju as provincial capital.
On August 15, 1948, the government of the Republic of Korea was established and 'the local self-government system' was started. At that time, Jinju-bu was raised to Jinju-si (city) and started to have mayor of the city. On January 1, 1995, in accordance with 'the Law pertaining to the establishment of Urban-Rural Integrated City', Jinju-si and Jinyang-gun became extinct and were merged into one integrated Jinju-si (city).
Culture and festivals
editThere are cultural events held in Jinju every year. Among these are the Jinju Namgang Lantern Festival which is held in October for approximately ten days. This nationally designated cultural tourism festival, found only in Jinju, features a spectacle of lanterns floating on the Nam River to commemorate the patriotic spirit of the 70,000 militia corps and government troops who died for their country defending Jinju from the Japanese forces during theImjin War(1592–1598). Other major festivals include: theNongaeFestival, the Korea Drama Festival, the Gaecheon Arts Festival and the Jinju National Bullfighting Contest.
The Nongae Festival,[3][unreliable source?]held in May each year commemorates and celebrates the sacrifice of the patrioticgisaeng(professional Korean entertainer)Nongae's suicide-assassination of a Japanese general together with the 70,000 Koreans who lost their lives in the battle of Jinju Castle during theImjin War.The festival features an emotional reenactment of Nongae's suicidal drowning of a Japanese general fromuiam bawi(righteous rock) below Chokseongnu (Jinju castle pavilion) on the banks of the Nam River.
Gaecheon Arts Festival is annually held from October 3 to 10 and the entire city turns to the streets for celebration at Korea's first provincial culture art festival, which awakens the artistic spirit of the Korean people. The festival falls aroundGaecheonjeol(National Foundation Day) and is widely regarded as one of Korea's finest.
The Jinju National Bullfighting Contest is recognized as Korea's oldest bullfighting event and spectators can witness a test of strength at this bullfighting contest held at a purpose-built traditional Korean sports arena near Jinyang lake.
The2023 Asian Weightlifting Championshipswas held in Jinju.
Population
editAt just over a third of a million, Jinju is a relatively small city by Korean standards. The annual growth of the population is 0.4% since 1995. People between the ages of 20 and 29 represent 17.5% of the city's total population, and justify the city's long-standing reputation as an educational city. The senior population (65 years or older), representing 7.6% of the city's total population, is higher than the provincial average (6.8%).[4]
Local personality
editGang Se-hwang (son of Kang Hyeon), a high ranking government official and representative painter, calligrapher and art critic, was born here in 1713.
Jinju cuisine
editThis sectionneeds additional citations forverification.(August 2024) |
Jinju has a number of distinctive local delicacies which reflect the tastes of Jinju people. Perhaps most celebrated is Jinjubibimbap,which distinguishes itself from the common Korean rice and vegetable dish by its use ofyukhoe,made with raw beef and generous amounts of sesame oil. Also famous is Namgang (Nam River) grilled eel (minmul jangeo), which is caught locally and served in any one of the numerous restaurants overlooking the Nam River. Enjoying their food spicy, Jinjuites have also perfected a spicey pepper (ttaengcho) version of the popular Korean side dishpajeon(scallion pancake) known by its colloquial namejijimi.This is best enjoyed with a bowl of local rice winemakkeolli.
Cheonhwang Sikdang,founded here in 1927, is among theoldest active restaurants in South Korea.[5][6]
Silk industry
editSince ancient days, silk processed in Jinju has been known for its superior quality, which is a result of the combination of natural resources (such as clean water of Mt. Jirisan and so on) and human resources. Silk factories in Jinju annually produce around 70% of the nation's production[citation needed].Jinju silk has a soft, refined feeling and elegant colors because of superior dyeing techniques.
Education
editJinju is an educational city and home toGyeongsang National UniversityandChinju National University of Education,Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology.It is also home toInternational University of Korea,catering mostly to foreign students. It also has a number of community colleges that serve the local area. Jinju's high schools offer high quality education and have a wide catchment area, reaching beyond the city limits to attract students from surrounding towns such asSacheon,Hadong,andSancheong.[citation needed]
Universities
| Public | Private |
|---|---|
| Gyeongsang National University | International University of Korea |
| Chinju National University of Education | Yonam Institute of Technology |
| Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology | Jinju Health College |
| Korea Polytechnic VII—Jinju Campus |
Economy and business
editJinju was named as one of several 'enterprise cities' by the South Korean government which had supported Jinju as a hub of bio-industrial technological innovation since December 2000. The government provided 5 billion won in support from 2000 to 2004 for biological and chemical material industries. There are 618 manufacturing companies (11,806 employees), 1 local industrial complex and 4 rural industrial complexes as part of an integrated urban and rural city. Jinju Hyeoksin Dosi (New Innovation City) established by PresidentRoh Moo-hyunwith headquarters of vast LH Corporation (State-run Land & Housing corp Toji Jutaek gongsa) and Namdong Thermal Power. Namdong Thermal Power is one of 5 thermal power subsidiaries: Nambu (Southern) Thermal in Busan, Dongseo Thermal in Ulsan, Seobu (Western) in Taean, Jungbu (Central) in Boryeong, Chungnam of Korea Monopoly Utility Co. of the giant Kepco in Naju of Gwangju metro head office.[citation needed]
Transportation
editThe main highway in Jinju is National Highway 10 orNamhae Expressway.
The closest airports to Jinju areSacheon Airport(domestic) andGimhae International Airport.
Jinju is served by passenger rail service atJinju Stationalong theGyeongjeon Line.
Climate
edit| Climate data for Jinju (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1969–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 17.5 (63.5) |
23.3 (73.9) |
24.0 (75.2) |
29.0 (84.2) |
37.0 (98.6) |
35.1 (95.2) |
38.9 (102.0) |
37.5 (99.5) |
35.8 (96.4) |
30.2 (86.4) |
27.0 (80.6) |
19.6 (67.3) |
38.9 (102.0) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 7.2 (45.0) |
9.6 (49.3) |
14.2 (57.6) |
19.9 (67.8) |
24.6 (76.3) |
27.4 (81.3) |
29.6 (85.3) |
30.6 (87.1) |
26.9 (80.4) |
22.3 (72.1) |
15.6 (60.1) |
9.2 (48.6) |
19.8 (67.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 0.3 (32.5) |
2.6 (36.7) |
7.3 (45.1) |
12.9 (55.2) |
18.0 (64.4) |
21.8 (71.2) |
25.3 (77.5) |
25.9 (78.6) |
21.4 (70.5) |
15.0 (59.0) |
8.2 (46.8) |
2.1 (35.8) |
13.4 (56.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −5.5 (22.1) |
−3.7 (25.3) |
0.6 (33.1) |
6.0 (42.8) |
11.6 (52.9) |
17.2 (63.0) |
21.9 (71.4) |
22.2 (72.0) |
16.7 (62.1) |
8.9 (48.0) |
2.0 (35.6) |
−3.8 (25.2) |
7.8 (46.0) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −15.9 (3.4) |
−14.3 (6.3) |
−10.4 (13.3) |
−4.2 (24.4) |
1.6 (34.9) |
8.0 (46.4) |
13.3 (55.9) |
12.1 (53.8) |
5.9 (42.6) |
−2.7 (27.1) |
−8.0 (17.6) |
−13.9 (7.0) |
−15.9 (3.4) |
| Averageprecipitationmm (inches) | 28.0 (1.10) |
45.6 (1.80) |
77.6 (3.06) |
126.4 (4.98) |
137.3 (5.41) |
174.3 (6.86) |
312.2 (12.29) |
296.8 (11.69) |
180.7 (7.11) |
68.3 (2.69) |
44.7 (1.76) |
26.1 (1.03) |
1,518 (59.76) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 4.5 | 5.1 | 7.3 | 8.9 | 9.2 | 10.5 | 14.2 | 14.2 | 9.8 | 5.0 | 5.7 | 4.3 | 98.7 |
| Average snowy days | 2.8 | 2.1 | 0.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 1.1 | 7.2 |
| Averagerelative humidity(%) | 58.1 | 56.5 | 58.9 | 61.5 | 66.5 | 73.4 | 80.1 | 78.4 | 75.6 | 71.1 | 67.9 | 61.4 | 67.5 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 194.6 | 191.0 | 210.5 | 215.0 | 225.8 | 169.4 | 155.0 | 173.7 | 167.3 | 210.7 | 184.6 | 194.9 | 2,292.5 |
| Percentpossible sunshine | 61.3 | 59.3 | 52.9 | 52.7 | 48.0 | 36.7 | 34.1 | 39.9 | 42.8 | 56.8 | 56.2 | 62.4 | 49.1 |
| Source:Korea Meteorological Administration(snow and percent sunshine 1981–2010)[7][8][9] | |||||||||||||
Twin towns – sister cities
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Friendship cities
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Gallery
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Jinju Namgang Yudeung Festival -
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Jinju pogurakmu -
Jinju at night
Notable people
edit- Non-Gae— notablegisaengwho jumped off a cliff into a river withKeyamura Rokusakeresulting in both of their deaths. (Originally fromJangsu County,North Jeolla Province)
- Yoo Yeon-seok— actor.
- Kang Ho-dong— host,comedian,formerKorean traditional wrestler.
- Go A-ra— actress, model.
- Jung So-min— actress.
- ASTRORocky(Park Min-hyuk,박민혁) — idol.
- AteezSeonghwa (Park Seong-hwa,박성화) — idol.
- AteezSan (Choi San,최산) — idol, born in Jinju, raised inNamhae.
- GreatGuysHoryeong (Jeong Yeong-ki,정영기) — idol.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^"Population statistics".Korea Ministry of the Interior and Safety.2024.
- ^Turnbull, Stephen(2002),Samurai Invasion: Japan's Korean War 1592–98,Cassell & Co, p. 71,ISBN0-304-35948-3
- ^Miakara (28 May 2008)."miakara moments: Nongae Festival 2008".
- ^Home > Introduction > Status > PopulationArchived2007-08-02 atarchive.today
- ^진주 맛집 - 선비의 고장 `맛`도 있더이다.Kookje Sinmun.2004-04-22.Retrieved2024-08-09.
- ^"Kim thuận khánh 의 별미 여행 (36) - 비빔밥의 본향 tấn châu".Monthly Chosun(in Korean). 2006-06-30.Retrieved2024-08-09.
- ^ "Climatological Normals of Korea (1991 ~ 2020)"(PDF)(in Korean). Korea Meteorological Administration. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 29 January 2022.Retrieved4 April2022.
- ^ 순위값 - 구역별조회(in Korean). Korea Meteorological Administration.Retrieved4 April2022.
- ^ "Climatological Normals of Korea"(PDF).Korea Meteorological Administration. 2011. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 7 December 2016.Retrieved8 December2016.
- ^"Exchange Status".jinju.go.kr.Jinju.Retrieved2020-04-14.
External links
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