Kadunkon

Kadunkon
Kadunkon
Pandyadhiraja
King of Pandyan Kingdom
Reign	c. 590–620 CE
Successor	Maravarman Avanisulamani
Died	c. 620
Issue	Maravarman Avanisulamani
Dynasty	Pandya
Religion	Hinduism

Kadunkon or Kadungon was also the name an earlierPandyaking, mentioned in theSangam literature.

Kadunkon(Tamil: கடுங்கோன்) was aPandyaking who revived the Pandya rule inSouth Indiain the 6th century CE. Along with thePallavakingSimhavishnu,he is credited with ending theKalabhrarule, marking the beginning of a new era in theTamilspeaking region.^[1]

Kadunkon's title was "Pandyadhiraja",^[2]and his capital wasMadurai.He was succeeded by his sonMaravarman Avanisulamani.^[3]

Dates

Most historians, includingR. C. Majumdar,state the period of Kadunkon rule as 590–620 CE.^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]

K. A. Nilakanta Sastri(the first assumption) — c. 600–620 CE^[8]
K. A. Nilakanta Sastri(revised date) — c. 590–620 CE^[9]
Noboru Karashima— c. 560–590 CE^[10](or) c. 590–620 CE^[11]

Velvikudi Grant

TheSangam literaturementions theearly Pandya dynasty,which is believed to have gone into obscurity during theKalabhra interregnum.The last known king of this dynasty wasUgrapperuvaludi.^[12]

Kadunkon is the next known Pandyan king.^[12]Not much information is available about him.^[13]Most of the knowledge about him comes from theVelvikudi inscriptionof the Pandya king Parantaka Nedunchadaiyan (also Nedunjadaiyan or Nedunchezhiyan). According to this inscription, Kadunkon defeated several petty chieftains and destroyed "the bright cities of unbending foes".^[3]^[14]It describes him as the one who liberated the Pandya country from the Kalabhras and emerged as a "resplendent sun from the dark clouds of the Kalabhras".^[15]His defeat of Kalabhras (who were probablyJainsorBuddhists) was hailed as the triumph ofShaivism.^[16]

References

^Majumdar, Ramesh Chandra(1987) [1968].Ancient India.Motilal Banarsidass.p. 395.ISBN 978-81-208-0436-4.OCLC 3756513.
^Sastri, K A Nilakanta (1964).The Culture and History of the Tamils.K.L. Mukhopadhyay. p. 20.OCLC 17907908.
^^a ^bChopra, Pran Nath; T.K. Ravindran; N. Subrahmanian (2003) [1979].History of South India.S. Chand & Company Ltd. p. 79.ISBN 81-219-0153-7.OCLC 6357526.
^Sen, Sailendra (2013).A Textbook of Medieval Indian History.Primus Books. p. 45-46.ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4.
^Majumdar, Ramesh Chandra;Achut Dattatraya Pusalker; Asoke Kumar Majumdar (1977).The History and Culture of the Indian People.Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.p. 267.OCLC 59089562.
^Perera, L. H. Horace; M Ratnasabapathy (1954).Ceylon & Indian history from early times to 1505 A.D.Colombo: W.M.A. Wahid. p. 161.OCLC 12935788.
^Pollock, Sheldon Ivan (2003).Literary Cultures in History: Reconstructions from South Asia.University of California Press.pp.306.ISBN 978-0-520-22821-4.OCLC 46828947.
^K. A. Nilakanta Sastri 1929,p. 41.
^K. A. Nilakanta Sastri 1958,p. 165.
^Noburu Karashima 2014,pp. 370.
^Noburu Karashima 2014,pp. 86.
^^a ^bN. Subrahmanian 1994,p. 115.
^Tripathi, Rama Shankar (1999) [1942].History of Ancient India.Motilal Banarsidass. p. 483.ISBN 978-81-208-0018-2.OCLC 43890119.
^Rao Bahadur H. Krishna Sastri, ed. (1983) [1924].Epigraphia Indica Vol. XVII.Archaeological Survey of India.pp. 291–309.
^Padmaja, T. (2002).Temple of Krishna in South India: History, Art and Traditions in Tamilnadu.Abhinav Publications. p. 44.ISBN 978-81-7017-398-4.OCLC 52039112.
^Ramaswamy, Vijaya (1997).Walking Naked: Women, Society, Spirituality in South India.Indian Institute of Advanced Study. p. 69.ISBN 978-81-85952-39-0.OCLC 37442864.

Bibliography

K. A. Nilakanta Sastri (1929).The Pandyan Kingdom.London: Luzac and Company.
Noburu Karashima, ed. (2014).A Concise History of South India: Issues and Interpretations.New Delhi: Oxford University Press.
K. A. Nilakanta Sastri (1958).A History of South India from Prehistoric Times to the Fall of Vijayanagar.Madras: Oxford University Press.ISBN 978-0-19-560686-7.
N. Subrahmanian (1994) [1962].History of Tamilnad (To A. D. 1336).Madurai: Koodal.OCLC 43502446.Retrieved13 August2016.Available online

[1] Majumdar, Ramesh Chandra(1987) [1968].Ancient India.Motilal Banarsidass.p. 395.ISBN 978-81-208-0436-4.OCLC 3756513.

[2] Sastri, K A Nilakanta (1964).The Culture and History of the Tamils.K.L. Mukhopadhyay. p. 20.OCLC 17907908.

[PN_Chopra_South-3] Chopra, Pran Nath; T.K. Ravindran; N. Subrahmanian (2003) [1979].History of South India.S. Chand & Company Ltd. p. 79.ISBN 81-219-0153-7.OCLC 6357526.

[sen2-4] Sen, Sailendra (2013).A Textbook of Medieval Indian History.Primus Books. p. 45-46.ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4.

[5] Majumdar, Ramesh Chandra;Achut Dattatraya Pusalker; Asoke Kumar Majumdar (1977).The History and Culture of the Indian People.Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.p. 267.OCLC 59089562.

[6] Perera, L. H. Horace; M Ratnasabapathy (1954).Ceylon & Indian history from early times to 1505 A.D.Colombo: W.M.A. Wahid. p. 161.OCLC 12935788.

[7] Pollock, Sheldon Ivan (2003).Literary Cultures in History: Reconstructions from South Asia.University of California Press.pp.306.ISBN 978-0-520-22821-4.OCLC 46828947.

[FOOTNOTEK._A._Nilakanta_Sastri192941-8] K. A. Nilakanta Sastri 1929,p. 41.

[FOOTNOTEK._A._Nilakanta_Sastri1958165-9] K. A. Nilakanta Sastri 1958,p. 165.

[FOOTNOTENoburu_Karashima2014370-10] Noburu Karashima 2014,pp. 370.

[FOOTNOTENoburu_Karashima201486-11] Noburu Karashima 2014,pp. 86.

[FOOTNOTEN._Subrahmanian1994115-12] N. Subrahmanian 1994,p. 115.

[13] Tripathi, Rama Shankar (1999) [1942].History of Ancient India.Motilal Banarsidass. p. 483.ISBN 978-81-208-0018-2.OCLC 43890119.

[14] Rao Bahadur H. Krishna Sastri, ed. (1983) [1924].Epigraphia Indica Vol. XVII.Archaeological Survey of India.pp. 291–309.

[T_Padmaja_Krishana-15] Padmaja, T. (2002).Temple of Krishna in South India: History, Art and Traditions in Tamilnadu.Abhinav Publications. p. 44.ISBN 978-81-7017-398-4.OCLC 52039112.

[16] Ramaswamy, Vijaya (1997).Walking Naked: Women, Society, Spirituality in South India.Indian Institute of Advanced Study. p. 69.ISBN 978-81-85952-39-0.OCLC 37442864.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

Kadunkon
Pandyadhiraja
King of Pandyan Kingdom
Reign	c. 590–620 CE
Successor	Maravarman Avanisulamani

Died	c. 620
Issue	Maravarman Avanisulamani
Dynasty	Pandya
Religion	Hinduism