Karō

Karō(Gia lão,house elder)were top-rankingsamuraiofficials and advisors in service to thedaimyōsof feudalJapan.^[1]

Overview

In theEdo period,the policy ofsankin-kōtai(alternate attendance)¹required eachdaimyōto place akarōinEdoand another in the homehan(feudal domain). Akarōwho was in charge of a castle was called thejōdai karō( thành đại gia lão ), while the one in Edo was called theEdo karō( giang hộ gia lão ). A general term for a domain-basedkarōiskunigarō( quốc gia lão ).

Some domains referred to this position asbugyō( phụng hành ) ortoshiyori( niên ký ). The shogunate post ofrōjū(elder) had many similarities to that ofkarō.

The famous samurai tale,Kanadehon Chūshingura,describes events involving akarō.The final Asanodaimyōof theAkohanwasAsano Naganori.While he was in Edo, he was sentenced to commitseppukufor the offense of drawing a sword againstKira YoshinakainEdo Castle.When theshogunateabolished the Akohan,all the Ako samurai becamerōnin.Ōishi Kuranosuke,thejōdai karō,led 46 otherrōninin a vendetta against Kira. As a result of his leadership in theForty-seven Roninaffair, Ōishi went down in history as the most famous of allkarō.

Harmful effects of the Karo system

Two to a few Karos are in the clan administration in a collegial system, but faction conflicts often occur in connection with political reforms and succession issues. Such a conflict became the cause of the "house turmoil", and in the worst case, it could lead to improvement.

In particular, the confrontation between the karos, the elderly, and the magistrates who are trying to promote the reforms in an authoritative manner against the background of the lord's trust, which was set up for the feudal affairs reform, and the conservative chief retainers and the priests who represent the opinions of the clan. It was a classic scene, and there were political disputes such as the fact that the clan theory was divided into two and led to a blood-washing conflict, and that the feudal lord was forced to retire with the fall of the reformist elders.

Duty

Basically, he was allowed to stay away from home because of illness or old age, and remained in the post of a senior until he died once he took office. usually, the person on duty is decided on a monthly basis, and the person on duty makes the decision. the person on duty is called the duty or the moon number by the clan. important matters shall be decided on a regular day by gathering at aHyōjōsho,etc. and proceeding after a meeting.

References

^Tự thông, thế giới đại bách khoa sự điển nội ngôn cập, デジタル đại từ tuyền, tinh tuyển bản nhật bổn quốc ngữ đại từ điển, nhật bổn đại bách khoa toàn thư (ニッポニカ), cải đính tân bản thế giới đại bách khoa sự điển, bách khoa sự điển マイペディア,ブリタニカ quốc tế đại bách khoa sự điển tiểu hạng mục sự điển, sơn xuyên nhật bổn sử tiểu từ điển cải đính tân bản, vượng văn xã nhật bổn sử sự điển tam đính bản, phổ cập bản."Gia lão (カロウ)とは? Ý vị や sử い phương".コトバンク(in Japanese).Retrieved2024-11-03.{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

Notes

^1Sankin kōtai ( "alternate attendance" ) was a policy of theshogunateduring most of theEdo periodofJapanese history.The purpose was to control thedaimyōs(feudal Lords). Generally, the requirement was that thedaimyōsof everyhan(province) move periodically betweenEdo(the Japanese capital) and his han, typically spending alternate years in each place. His wife and heir were required to remain in Edo as hostages. The expenditures necessary to maintain residences in both places, and for the procession to and from Edo, placed financial strains on thedaimyōsmaking them unable to wage war. The frequent travel of thedaimyōsencouraged road building and the construction of inns and facilities along the routes, generating economic activity.

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[1] Tự thông, thế giới đại bách khoa sự điển nội ngôn cập, デジタル đại từ tuyền, tinh tuyển bản nhật bổn quốc ngữ đại từ điển, nhật bổn đại bách khoa toàn thư (ニッポニカ), cải đính tân bản thế giới đại bách khoa sự điển, bách khoa sự điển マイペディア,ブリタニカ quốc tế đại bách khoa sự điển tiểu hạng mục sự điển, sơn xuyên nhật bổn sử tiểu từ điển cải đính tân bản, vượng văn xã nhật bổn sử sự điển tam đính bản, phổ cập bản."Gia lão (カロウ)とは? Ý vị や sử い phương".コトバンク(in Japanese).Retrieved2024-11-03.{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

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