Kassel(German pronunciation:[ˈkasl̩];in Germany, spelledCasseluntil 1926[3]) is a city on theFulda RiverinnorthernHesse,incentralGermany. It is the administrative seat of theRegierungsbezirkKasseland the districtof the same name,and had 201,048 inhabitants in December 2020. The former capital of thestateofHesse-Kassel,it has many palaces and parks, including theBergpark Wilhelmshöhe,which is aUNESCOWorld Heritage Site.Kassel is also known for thedocumentaexhibitionsofcontemporary art.Kassel has apublicuniversitywith 25,000 students (2018) and a multicultural population (39% of the citizens in 2017 had a migration background).
Kassel | |
|---|---|
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
Location of Kassel  | |
  Kassel  Kassel | |
| Coordinates:51°18′57″N9°29′52″E/ 51.3158°N 9.4979°E | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Hesse |
| Admin. region | Kassel |
| District | Urban district |
| Government | |
| •Lord mayor(2023–29) | Sven Schoeller[1](Greens) |
| Area | |
•City | 107 km2(41 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 167 m (548 ft) |
| Population (2022-12-31)[2] | |
•City | 204,202 |
| • Density | 1,900/km2(4,900/sq mi) |
| •Metro | 450,000 |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00(CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00(CEST) |
| Postal codes | 34001–34134 |
| Dialling codes | 0561 |
| Vehicle registration | KS |
| Website | www |
| Official name | Bergpark Wilhelmshöhe |
| Type | Cultural |
| Criteria | (iii)(vi) |
| Designated | 2013 |
| Reference no. | https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1413 |
History
edit
Kassel was first mentioned in 913 AD, as the place where twodeedswere signed by KingConrad I.The place was calledChasellaorChassallaand was a fortification at a bridge crossing theFulda river.There are several yet unproven assumptions about the name's origin. It could be derived from the ancientCastellum Cattorum,a castle of the Chatti, a German tribe that had lived in the area since Roman times. Another assumption is a portmanteau from Frankoniancas,meaning "valley or recess", andsalimeaning "hall or service building", which can be interpreted as "(town) hall in a valley".
A deed from 1189 certifies that Cassel had city rights, but the date when they were granted is not known.
The first castle in Kassel was constructed in 1277, which was later replaced by a Renaissance castle, theKassel City Palace,which burned down in 1811.
In 1567 theLandgraviate of Hesse,until then centered inMarburg,was divided among four sons, withHesse-Kassel(or Hesse-Cassel) becoming one of its successor states. Kassel was its capital and became a centre ofCalvinistProtestantism in Germany. Strong fortifications were built to protect theProtestantstronghold against Catholic enemies. Secret societies, such asRosicrucianismflourished, with Christian Rosenkreutz's workFama Fraternitatisfirst published in 1617. In 1685, Kassel became a refuge for 1,700Huguenotswho found shelter in the newly established borough of Oberneustadt.Landgrave Charles,who was responsible for this humanitarian act, also ordered the construction of theOktogon(Hercules monument) and of theOrangerie.In the late 18th Century, Hesse-Kassel became infamous for selling mercenaries (Hessians) to the British crown to help suppress theAmerican Revolutionand to finance the construction of palaces and the Landgrave's opulent lifestyle.
In the early 19th century, theBrothers Grimmlived in Kassel. They collected and wrote most of theirfairy talesthere. At that time, around 1803, the Landgraviate was elevated to a Principality and its ruler toPrince-elector.Shortly after, it was annexed byNapoleonand in 1807 it became the capital of the short-livedKingdom of Westphaliaunder Napoleon's brotherJérôme.The Electorate was restored in 1813.
Having sided with Austria in theAustro-Prussian Warto gain supremacy in Germany, the principality was annexed byPrussiain 1866. The Prussian administration unitedNassau,Frankfurt and Hesse-Kassel into the new Prussian province ofHesse-Nassau.Kassel ceased to be a princely residence but soon developed into a major industrial centre, as well as a major railway junction.Henschel & Son,the largest railwaylocomotivemanufacturer in Germany at the end of the nineteenth century, was based in Kassel.
In 1870, after theBattle of Sedan,Napoleon IIIwas sent as a prisoner to theWilhelmshöhe Palaceabove the city. During World War I the German military headquarters were located in the Wilhelmshöhe Palace. In the late 1930s, Nazis destroyedHeinrich Hübsch'sKassel Synagogue.
During World War II Kassel was the headquarters for Germany'sWehrkreisIX, and a local subcamp ofDachau concentration campprovidedforced labourfor theHenschel facilities,which included tank production plants.[4]There was also a camp forSintiandRomani people(seeRomani Holocaust).[5]Alliedprisoners of war from theStalag IX-APOW campwere deployed to forced labour in the local arms industry in violation of theGeneva Conventions.[6]The most severebombing of Kassel in World War IIdestroyed 90% of the downtown area, and some 10,000 people were killed and 150,000 were made homeless.[citation needed]Most of the casualties were civilians or wounded soldiers recuperating in local hospitals, whereasfactoriessurvived the attack generally undamaged.[citation needed]Karl Gerlandreplaced the regionalGauleiter,Karl Weinrich,soon after the raid.
The Allied ground advance into Germany reached Kassel at the beginning of April 1945. The US 80th Infantry Divisioncaptured Kasselin bitter house-to-house fighting during 1–4 April 1945, which included numerous German panzer-grenadier counterattacks, and resulted in further widespread devastation to bombed and unbombed structures alike.[7]
Post-war,most of the ancient buildings in the city centre were not restored, and large parts of the inner city area were completely rebuilt in the style of the 1950s. A few historic buildings, however, such as theMuseum Fridericianum(see below), were restored. In 1949, the interim parliament ( "Parlamentarischer Rat") eliminated Kassel in the first round as a city to become the provisional capital of theFederal Republic of Germany(Bonnwon). In 1964, the town hosted the fourthHessentagstate festival (again in 2013). In 1972 the Chancellor of West GermanyWilly Brandtand the prime minister of the German Democratic RepublicWilly Stophmet in Wilhelmshöhe Palace for negotiations between the two German states. In 1991, the central rail station moved from "Hauptbahnhof" (main station) (today only used for regional trains) to "Kassel-Wilhelmshöhe". The city had a dynamic economic and social development in the recent years, reducing the unemployment rate by half and attracting many new citizens so that the population has grown constantly.
Economy
editSeveral international operating companies have factories or headquarters in the city (Volkswagen, Mercedes Benz, SMA, Wintershall, Krauss-Maffei Wegmann, Rheinmetall, Bombardier). The city is home of several hospitals; the public Klinikum Kassel is one of the largest hospitals in the federal state, offering a wide range of health services.
Geography
editKassel is the largest city in the north of thefederated stateof Hesse in the south-western part of Germany, about 70 kilometers northwest of the geographic center of Germany.
It is located on both sides of the river Fulda. Kassel's deepest point is in the north-eastern Fulda valley at 132.9 m above sea level.
The urban area of Kassel is divided into 23 local districts, each of which has a local council with a local mayor as chairman. The local councils are elected every five years by the population of the local districts. The local advisory board can be heard on all important issues affecting the local district. However, the final decision on a measure rests with the Kassel city council.
Neighboring communities
editAround Kassel is theadministrative district(Landkreis) ofLandkreis Kassel.The following cities and municipalities border the city of Kassel (starting clockwise in the north):Ahnatal,Vellmar,Fuldatal,Staufenberg,Niestetal,Kaufungen,Lohfelden,Fuldabrück,Baunatal,Schauenburg,Habichtswald.Of these, Vellmar and Fuldatal in the north, Kaufungen in the east, Lohfelden in the southeast and Baunatal in the south are growing ever closer to the urban area.
Culture
edit
In 1558 the first Germanobservatorywas built in Kassel, and a later version from 1714 survives as theBellevue Palace.TheOttoneum,the first permanent German theatre building, was built in 1604. The old building is today the Natural History Museum, and the now-calledStaatstheater Kasselis located in a nearby building that was constructed in the 1950s. Since 1927 Kassel has been home toBärenreiter,one of the world's most important music publishers.
Since 1955 thedocumenta,an internationalexhibitionofmodernandcontemporary art,has been held regularly in Kassel. Thedocumentanow takes place every five years. As a result of thedocumenta 6(1977), Kassel became the first town in the world to be illuminated bylaserbeams at night (Laserscape, by artist Horst H. Baumann). This laser installation is nowadays still visible at weekends. Artworks from former editions of thedocumenta(mainly sculptures) can be found in many places in Kassel; among those are the "7000 Oaks",a work ofland artby the German artistJoseph Beuys.The latest/current edition of thedocumenta,known as "documenta 15",runs from 18 June until 25 September 2022.[8]
Climate
editKassel experiences anoceanic climate(Köppen:Cfb) but not so far from marine climates, with a more notablecontinentalinfluence thanBerlin.Using the 1961–1990 normal and 0 °C isotherm, the city already had ahumid continental climate(Dfb).[9][10]
| Climate data for Kassel (1991–2020 normals) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 13.3 (55.9) |
17.0 (62.6) |
24.8 (76.6) |
30.1 (86.2) |
30.0 (86.0) |
32.5 (90.5) |
35.1 (95.2) |
35.2 (95.4) |
32.5 (90.5) |
26.9 (80.4) |
20.7 (69.3) |
14.8 (58.6) |
35.2 (95.4) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 3.1 (37.6) |
4.5 (40.1) |
9.2 (48.6) |
14.4 (57.9) |
18.6 (65.5) |
21.3 (70.3) |
23.6 (74.5) |
23.6 (74.5) |
18.8 (65.8) |
13.3 (55.9) |
7.2 (45.0) |
3.5 (38.3) |
13.4 (56.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 0.9 (33.6) |
1.4 (34.5) |
5.0 (41.0) |
9.3 (48.7) |
13.4 (56.1) |
16.1 (61.0) |
18.3 (64.9) |
17.9 (64.2) |
13.8 (56.8) |
9.2 (48.6) |
4.8 (40.6) |
1.3 (34.3) |
9.3 (48.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −1.6 (29.1) |
−1.4 (29.5) |
1.2 (34.2) |
4.4 (39.9) |
8.4 (47.1) |
11.1 (52.0) |
13.3 (55.9) |
13.0 (55.4) |
9.5 (49.1) |
5.9 (42.6) |
2.3 (36.1) |
−0.9 (30.4) |
5.5 (41.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −19.7 (−3.5) |
−19.9 (−3.8) |
−15.6 (3.9) |
−7.4 (18.7) |
−2.7 (27.1) |
1.2 (34.2) |
4.6 (40.3) |
4.4 (39.9) |
0.9 (33.6) |
−2.9 (26.8) |
−12.0 (10.4) |
−19.4 (−2.9) |
−19.9 (−3.8) |
| Averageprecipitationmm (inches) | 53.8 (2.12) |
46.6 (1.83) |
51.6 (2.03) |
39.7 (1.56) |
69.1 (2.72) |
67.6 (2.66) |
74.4 (2.93) |
60.1 (2.37) |
56.2 (2.21) |
58.4 (2.30) |
61.3 (2.41) |
68.2 (2.69) |
706.6 (27.82) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 1.0 mm) | 16.6 | 16.0 | 16.0 | 13.3 | 14.7 | 14.2 | 15.7 | 14.5 | 13.5 | 16.0 | 18.7 | 20.1 | 188.5 |
| Averagerelative humidity(%) | 85.0 | 81.8 | 75.7 | 68.5 | 70.6 | 71.4 | 71.9 | 71.7 | 78.5 | 84.5 | 87.5 | 87.7 | 77.9 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 45.3 | 66.8 | 119.8 | 169.5 | 196.8 | 201.4 | 204.2 | 192.4 | 144.1 | 98.9 | 38.9 | 35.2 | 1,515.1 |
| Source:World Meteorological Organization[11][10] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
edit| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1472 | 4,500 | — |
| 1626 | 6,329 | +40.6% |
| 1773 | 17,311 | +173.5% |
| 1871 | 46,362 | +167.8% |
| 1900 | 106,034 | +128.7% |
| 1919 | 162,391 | +53.1% |
| 1925 | 171,483 | +5.6% |
| 1933 | 175,179 | +2.2% |
| 1939 | 216,141 | +23.4% |
| 1943 | 225,694 | +4.4% |
| 1945 | 71,209 | −68.4% |
| 1950 | 162,132 | +127.7% |
| 1956 | 191,935 | +18.4% |
| 1961 | 207,507 | +8.1% |
| 1966 | 213,084 | +2.7% |
| 1971 | 215,039 | +0.9% |
| 1976 | 201,705 | −6.2% |
| 1981 | 194,779 | −3.4% |
| 1986 | 185,370 | −4.8% |
| 1991 | 196,828 | +6.2% |
| 1996 | 200,927 | +2.1% |
| 2001 | 194,718 | −3.1% |
| 2006 | 193,518 | −0.6% |
| 2011 | 191,854 | −0.9% |
| 2017 | 200,736 | +4.6% |
| 2021 | 201,648 | +0.5% |
| Population size may be affected by changes in administrative divisions. Source:[12][circular reference] | ||
Kassel has a population of about 200,000 and is the 3rd largest city inHessestate and the only large city in the North Hesse region. Kassel is often called the city that located on the center of Germany, due to its position; however, the real center of Germany is not far away. Kassel first reached its first population peak of over 100,000 in 1899 and its second in 1943 with about 225,000. Kassel was destroyed during World War II and became an industrial city in 1950s. Today, Kassel is home to a few companies and universities.
| Rank | Nationality | Population (31 December 2022) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Turkey | 7,343 |
| 2 | Ukraine | 4,579 |
| 3 | Syria | 4,369 |
| 4 | Bulgaria | 3,446 |
| 5 | Poland | 2,152 |
| 6 | Italy | 1,531 |
| 7 | Romania | 1,451 |
| 8 | Croatia | 1,370 |
| 9 | Somalia | 1,305 |
| 10 | Afghanistan | 1,235 |
Sights
editThebombing raids of 1943destroyed 90% of the city center. The city center was almost completely rebuilt during the 1950s and is a combination of renovated or reconstructed old buildings and architecture of the 1950s. Outside the city center, the suburbs are dominated by 19th-century architecture. Timber-framed old towns are situated in suburbs like Harleshausen and Bad Wilhelmshöhe. The oldest monument is the Druselturm; the Brüderkirche and theMartinskircheare also, in part, of medieval origin. The towers of the Martinskirche are from the 1950s.
Churches
editSt. Martin, Kassel
editThe main Protestant church of Kassel, it was begun in 1364 and finished in 1462. Severely damaged by British bombing in 1943, it was later reconstructed in a more modern style between 1954 and 1958.
St. Bonifatius, Kassel
editSt. Bonifatius was designed and built in 1956 byJosef Bieling.
Bergpark Wilhelmshöhe
editThe complex includes Wilhelmshöhe Palace (with the Antiquities Collection and Old Masters), the Hercules monument, and the Lions Castle. Wilhelmshöhe Palaceabove the city was built in 1786, by landgrave Wilhelm IX of Hesse-Kassel. The palace is now a museum and houses an important collection of Graeco-Roman antiques and a fine gallery of paintings comprising the second largest collection ofRembrandtsin Germany. It is surrounded by the beautifulBergpark Wilhelmshöhewith many appealing sights. The complex was named a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2013.[13]
TheHercules monumentis a huge octagonal stone structure carrying a giant replica ofHercules "Farnese"(now at Museo Archeologico Nazionale in Naples, Italy). From its base down to Wilhelmshöhe Palace runs a long set of artificial cascades which delight visitors during the summer months. Every Sunday and Wednesday afternoon at 14:30 (from May until October) the famouswater featurestake place. They start at the Oktagon and during a one-hour walk through the park visitors can follow the water's way until they reach the lake of the Wilhelmshöhe Palace, where a fountain of about 50 metres (160 ft) marks the end of the spectacle.
TheLöwenburg( "Lions Castle" ) is a replica of a medieval castle, also built during the reign of Wilhelm IX. After theFranco-Prussian Warof 1870–71Napoléon IIIwas imprisoned in Wilhelmshöhe. In 1918, Wilhelmshöhe became the seat of the German Army High Command (OHL): it was there that the military commandersHindenburgandLudendorffprepared the German capitulation.
Staatspark Karlsaue (Karlsaue Park)
editAnother large park and also part of theEuropean Garden Heritage Networkis theKarlsauealong the Fulda River. Established in the 16th century, it is famous for theOrangerie,a palace built in 1710 as a summer residence for the landgraves. Today, the Orangerie contains the Museum of Astronomy and Technology, with a scale model of theSolar Systemspanning the entire park and beyond. In addition, the Park Schönfeld contains a small, municipalbotanical garden,theBotanischer Garten Kassel.
Art museums
editEurope's first public museum, theMuseum Fridericianumwas founded in 1779. By the end of the 19th century the museum held one of the largest collections of watches and clocks in the world. Other art museums in Kassel include:
- Wilhelmshöhe Palace(Antiquities Collection and Old Masters:Albrecht Dürer,Rubens,Rembrandt,Frans Hals,Anthony van Dyck)
- New Gallery(Tischbein family,Joseph Beuys)
- Hessisches Landesmuseum(with a world-famous wallpaper collection).
Other museums
edit- Museum of Natural History (in the Ottoneum building)
- Museum of physics and astronomy in theOrangerie
- Marmorbad (marble bath) in theOrangerie
- Caricatura (in the Hauptbahnhof Kassel)
- Museum of Local History
- Tram Museum Kassel
- Technical Museum and Henschel Museum
- Louis SpohrMuseum (classical music composer) Museum in theBellevue Palace,remaining part of theBellevueschloss palace complex
- Museum for Sepulchral Culture
- Museum of the Brothers Grimm (known as Grimmwelt Kassel)[14]
- Museum of Modern Art (Neue Gallerie)[15]
- Gemäldegallerie Kassel in the Wilhelmshöhe Palace (Schloss Wilhelmshöhe)[16]
- Botanical Island (Insel Siebenbergen)[17]
Sports
editHessen Kasselis thefootballclub in the city, who plays in theHessenligaafter being relegated from theRegionalliga Südwestin the 2017/2018 season. The city's own football stadium, theAuestadionwas built in 1953 and is able to hold 18,737 people. It is located in the south of Kassel at the quarter Südstadt, next to the Karlsaue.
Kassel has a long ice hockey tradition,[18]but it was not until 1977 that the Kassel ice rink (Eissporthalle) opened on a private initiative. TheKassel Huskieswere founding members of theDELin 1994, belonging to the league from 1994 to 2006 and again from 2008 to 2010. In1997,they were runners-up in the championship playoffs, losing toAdler Mannheim,and reached the semi-finals on three more occasions. The Huskies ran into financial difficulties and dissolved in 2010.[18]The "Young Huskies", which is a junior and youth hockey club, decided to enter a men's team in the Hessenliga.[18]This is the fifth division and the lowest men's competition in the state ofHesse.[18]The new club was expecting no more than 3,000 supporters for the first home game in the Hessenliga.[18]However, they had over 5,000 supporters come to watch.[18]
Transport
edit
Kassel hasseven tram lines(1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8), with trams arriving usually every 15 minutes. The city also operates a light railStadtbahnnetwork calledRegioTramusingRegio Citadislow-floor trams which run on both tram and main line railway tracks with three lines (RT1, RT4, RT5). Moreover, a number of low-floor buses complete the Kassel public transport system. The introduction of low-floor buses led to the development of theKassel kerbwhich improves theaccessibilityat bus stops.
The city is connected to thenational rail networkat two stations,Kassel Central,andKassel-Wilhelmshöhe.The traditional central station (Hauptbahnhof) has been reduced to the status of a regional station since the opening of theHanover-Würzburg high-speed rail linein 1991 and its station (Kassel-Wilhelmshöhe) on the high-speed line at which theInterCityExpress(ICE) andInterCityservices call as well asNightjetandFlixtrain.
Kassel is connected to the motorwaysA 7,A 49andA 44.
The city is served byKassel Calden Airport.
Politics
editMayor
editThe current mayor of Kassel is Sven Schoeller ofAlliance 90/The Greens,who was elected in March 2023.[1]He succeeded Christian Geselle (SPD), who had been in office since 2017.[19]
City council
edit
The Kassel city council (Stadtverordnetenversammlung) governs the city alongside the Mayor. The most recent city council election was held on 14 March 2021, and the results were as follows:
| Party | Lead candidate | Votes | % | +/- | Seats | +/- | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alliance 90/The Greens(Grüne) | Awet Tesfaiesus | 1,201,167 | 28.7 |  10.7
|
20 | 7
| |
| Social Democratic Party(SPD) | Patrick Hartmann | 1,028,529 | 24.6 |  4.9
|
17 | 4
| |
| Christian Democratic Union(CDU) | Michael von Rüden | 802,551 | 19.2 | 1.5
|
14 | 1
| |
| Kasseler Left(Left) | Violetta Bock | 469,800 | 11.2 | 0.6
|
8 | 1
| |
| Free Democratic Party(FDP) | Matthias Nölke | 236,057 | 5.6 |  0.0
|
4 | ±0 | |
| Alternative for Germany(AfD) | Sven Dreyer | 233,609 | 5.6 | 5.4
|
4 | 4
| |
| Free Voters(FW) | Christian Klobuczynski | 94,443 | 2.3 | 0.7
|
2 | ±0 | |
| Save the Bees | Bernd Hoppe | 77,703 | 1.9 | New | 1 | New | |
| Die PARTEI(PARTEI) | Jennifer Rieger | 41,169 | 1.0 | New | 1 | New | |
| Valid votes | 61,687 | 95.7 | |||||
| Invalid votes | 2,765 | 4.3 | |||||
| Total | 64,452 | 100.0 | 71 | ±0 | |||
| Electorate/voter turnout | 147,462 | 43.7 | 0.9
|
||||
| Source:Statistics Hesse | |||||||
Education and research
edit
University of Kassel
editTheUniversity of Kasselis a public higher education institution and was founded in 1971 as a so-called reform university offering new and innovative models of teaching. It is the newest university in the state ofHessenand has an urban and lively inner-city campus between the city center and the Northern city district, a typical working-class area with a multicultural population. There were 25,000 students enrolled at the university in 2018, 3381 of them non-Germans. Two hundred and twenty-four students obtained their doctorate from the university in 2017.
The university offers a wide range of study programs from organic agriculture to social work. Furthermore, it offers several English master's programs as well as two short-term international programs, theSummer Universityand theWinter University.TheKunsthochschule Kassel(University of Fine Arts) is also part of the university with a satellite campus directly at the Karlsaue park in the Southern city district.
Other institutions
edit- Kassel School of Medicine (KSM)
- YMCA University of Applied Sciences (CVJM-Hochschule)
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Windenergie und Energiesystemtechnik (IWES), the former Institut für Solare Energieversorgungstechnik (ISET)
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Bauphysik (IBP) Projektgruppe Kassel
- Forschungszentrum für Informationstechnik-Gestaltung (ITeG)
- International Center for Development and Decent Work (ICDD)[20]
- Internationales Zentrum für Hochschulforschung Kassel (INCHER)
- Zentrum für Umweltbewusstes Bauen (ZUB)
- Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology (CINSaT)
- AG Friedensforschung
Associations
edit- Volksbund Deutsche KriegsgräberfürsorgeGerman War Graves Commission
- Gesellschaft für Christlich-Jüdische Zusammenarbeit Kassel
- Spitzenverband der landwirtschaftlichen Sozialversicherung
- Deutsche Rentenversicherung Hessen
- Industrie- und Handelskammer Kassel (Chamber of Commerce Kassel)
Courts
editSeveral courts are located in Kassel, including:
- theFederal Social Court(Bundessozialgericht)
- Hessischer Verwaltungsgerichtshof (Administration Court of Hesse)
- Fiscal Court Hesse(Finanzgericht)
- Sozialgericht Kassel (Social Court Kassel)
- Arbeitsgericht Kassel (Employment Court Kassel)
- Verwaltungsgericht Kassel
- Oberlandesgericht Frankfurt/Main in Kassel
- Landgericht Kassel (Regional Court Kassel)
- Amtsgericht Kassel and Staatsanwaltschaft Kassel (Local Court Kassel)
Notable people
editAcademia
edit- Helmut Hasse(1898–1979), fundamental theorist in algebra and number theory
- Dieter Koch-Weser(1916–2015), professor,Harvard Medical SchoolandHarvard School of Public Health
- Franz Rosenzweig(1886–1929), Jewish-German theologian, philosopher and translator
- Georg Friedrich Sartorius(1765–1828), academia, research historian and economist
Actors and entertainment
edit- Daniel Bandmann(1837–1905), actor-manager
- Hubertus Meyer-Burckhardt(born 1956), television journalist and talk show host
- F. W. Murnau(1888–1931), movie director in thesilent era
- Barbara Rudnik(1958–2009), actress
- Otto Sander(1941–2013), actor
- Meryem Sahra Uzerli(born 1983), Turkish-German actress
Artists and designers
edit- Arnold Bode(1900–1977), architect, painter, designer, and founder of the documenta
- Simon Louis du Ry(1726–1799), architect
- Hugo Wilhelm Arthur Nahl(1833–1899), artist who designed theSeal of California
- Albrecht Rosengarten(1809–1893), architect famous for synagogue buildings in Central Europe
Business
edit- Georges Kugelmann(1809–1882), newspaper printer
- Horst Paulmann(born 1935), German-Chilean billionaire entrepreneur. He is founder and chairman ofCencosud,the largest retail chain in Chile and the third largest in Latin America
Musicians
edit- Franz Curti(1854–1898), opera composer
- Andreas Dippel(1866–1932), operatic tenor
- Chris Hülsbeck(born 1968), video game music composer
- Gertrud Elisabeth Mara(1749–1833), operatic soprano
- Israel Meyer Japhet(1818–1892) choral director inFrankfurt am Main
- Louis Spohr(1784–1859), composer and violinist, commemorated by a museum in the city
- Charlotte Sporleder(1836–1915), composer
- Johannes von Soest(1448–1506), medieval musician, music theorist, poet, and composer.
- Milky Chance(2013–present),band.
Politicians, military and civil servants
edit- Holger Börner(1931–2006), politician
- Hans Eichel(born 1941), politician
- Werner von Fichte(1896–1955), SA general and police chief
- Philipp Scheidemann(1865–1939), briefly Germany's Chancellor after the First World War
- Josias von Heeringen(1850–1926), general
- Heinrich von Porbeck,major general, died at theBattle of Talavera(1809)
- Johanna Vogt(1862–1944),suffragetteand the first woman on the city council of Kassel starting in 1919
- Kay-Achim Schönbach(born 1965), retired Vice Admiral of theGerman Navyand politician (Values Union)
Royalty and socialites
edit- Jérôme Bonaparte(1784–1860), Prince, brother ofNapoleon Bonaparte,lived in Kassel while he was king ofWestphalia
- Maria Amalia of Courland(1653–1711), noblewoman, participated in creation of park atKarlsaue
- Prince Charles of Hesse-Kassel(1744–1836)
- Prince Frederick of Hesse-Kassel(1747–1837)
- Princess and Landgravine Augusta of Hesse-Kassel(1797–1889), consort toPrince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge
- Landgravine Charlotte of Hesse-Kassel(1627–1686), noblewoman, member of theHouse of Hesse-Kassel
- Louise of Hesse-Kassel(1817–1898), princess of Hesse-Kassel, later queen consort ofKing Christian IXofDenmark
- William IV, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel(1532–1592), the firstLandgraveof theLandgraviate of Hesse-Kassel
- Frederick I of Sweden(1676–1751), King of Sweden and also Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel.
Scientists and physicians
edit- Valerius Cordus(1515–1544) physician and botanist, authoredpharmacopoeiasand herbals.
- Friedrich Armand Strubberg(1806–1889), merchant, physician, colonist in North America, direct descendant ofFrederick I of Sweden
- Justus Carl Hasskarl(1809–1894), botanist specialising inPteridophytes,Bryophytes,andSpermatophytes
- Carl Friedrich Claus(1827–1900), chemist
- Adolf Eugen Fick(1829–1901), physiologist
- Jakob Stilling(1842–1915), ophthalmologist, son ofBenedict Stilling,surgeon, and brother ofHeinrich Stilling,pathologist
- Carl Kaiserling(1869–1942), pathologist
Sports
edit- Leni Junker(1905–1997), sprinter
- Yunus Mallı(born 1992), Turkish footballer
- Annika Mehlhorn(born 1983), butterfly and medley swimmer
- Yona Melnik(born 1949), Israeli Olympic judoka
- Carolin Simon(born 1992), footballer
Writers and journalists
edit- TheBrothers Grimm,Jacob (1785–1863) and Wilhelm Grimm (1786–1859), academics, linguists, cultural researchers, and authors who collected folklore and published several collections asGrimms' Fairy Tales
- Helmut Kollars(born 1968), writer and illustrator
- Rudolf Erich Raspe(1736–1794),University of Kassellibrarian who fled to England after embezzling significant funds fromFrederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel,and wrote (or compiled)The Surprising Adventures of Baron Munchhausen
- Christian Ludwig Reissig(1784–1847), romantic poet
- Paul Reuter(1816–1899), reporter, founder of theReutersnews agency
- Lucien Scheler(1902–1999), French poet, writer, and publisher
- Anant Kumar(born 1969), writer, journalist, translator and literary critic of Indian decent
Others
edit- Herman Lamm(1890–1930), German-American bank robber
- Norbert Trelle(born 1942), Roman Catholic German bishop
- Nils Seethaler(born 1981), ethnologist
Twin towns – sister cities
editSee also
editReferences
editNotes
edit- ^ab"Ergebnisse der jeweils letzten Direktwahl von Landrätinnen und Landräte sowie (Ober-)Bürgermeisterinnen und (Ober-)Bürgermeister in Hessen, Stand 13.04.2023"(XLS)(in German).Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt.
- ^"Bevölkerung in Hessen am 31.12.2022 nach Gemeinden"(XLS)(in German).Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt.June 2023.
- ^"Von Cassel zu Kassel".kassel.de: Der offizielle Internetauftritt der Stadt Kassel(in German).Retrieved9 October2020.
- ^Edward Victor.Alphabetical List of Camps, Subcamps and Other Camps.www.edwardvictor.com/Holocaust/List %20 of % 20 camps. htm
- ^"Lager für Sinti und Roma Kassel".Bundesarchiv.de(in German).Retrieved24 October2023.
- ^Megargee, Geoffrey P.; Overmans, Rüdiger; Vogt, Wolfgang (2022).The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV.Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. p. 451.ISBN978-0-253-06089-1.
- ^Stanton, Shelby,World War II Order of Battle: An Encyclopedic Reference to U.S. Army Ground Forces from Battalion through Division, 1939–1946,Stackpole Books (Revised Edition 2006), p. 150
- ^"documenta fifteen".documenta fifteen.Retrieved23 July2022.
- ^"Kassel, Germany Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)".Weatherbase.Retrieved31 January2019.
- ^ab"Kassel (10438) – WMO Weather Station".NOAA.Retrieved31 January2019.
- ^"World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020".World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020).National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived fromthe originalon 12 October 2023.Retrieved12 October2023.
- ^Link
- ^"Sites in Germany and Italy bring to 19 the number of sites inscribed on the World Heritage List this year".UNESCO World Heritage Organization. 23 June 2013.Retrieved9 July2013.
- ^"Startseite: GRIMMWELT".www.grimmwelt.de.Retrieved4 May2017.
- ^"neue galerie – Museumslandschaft Hessen Kassel".www.museum-kassel.de.Retrieved4 May2017.
- ^"schloss wilhelmshöhe – Museumslandschaft Hessen Kassel".www.museum-kassel.de.Retrieved4 May2017.
- ^"insel siebenbergen – Museumslandschaft Hessen Kassel".www.museum-kassel.de.Retrieved4 May2017.
- ^abcdef"German hockey team skates from financial brink back to rink".Deutsche Welle.20 March 2011.Retrieved21 March2011.
- ^City of Kassel
- ^"ICDD: Home".Archived fromthe originalon 11 February 2015.Retrieved9 February2015.
- ^"Städtepartnerschaften".kassel.de(in German). Kassel.Retrieved15 February2021.
Bibliography
editExternal links
edit
Media related toKasselat Wikimedia Commons
Kasseltravel guide from Wikivoyage
- Kassel City Panoramas– Panoramic views and Virtual Tours
- Official website
- Kassel Tourist Board
Kasseltravel guide from Wikivoyage- University of Kassel
- Street Crime Mapping Kassel 2009
- Video of the waterfeatures