Wikipedia

The Oval

(Redirected fromKennington Oval)
This article is about the cricket ground in London. For other uses, seeOval (disambiguation).
"Surrey Cricket Ground" redirects here. For the cricket ground in Sri Lanka, seeSurrey Village Cricket Ground.
"Kennington Oval" redirects here. Not to be confused withKensington Oval.

The Oval,currently named forsponsorship reasonsas theKiaOval,[2][3]is an internationalcricket groundinKennington,located in theboroughofLambeth,insouth London.[4]The Oval has been the home ground ofSurrey County Cricket Clubsince it was opened in 1845.[5][6][7]It was the first ground in England to host internationalTest cricketin September 1880.[8][9]The final Test match of the English season is traditionally played there.

The Oval
The Oval Pavilion as seen in 2015
Ground information
LocationKennington,London,SE11
Coordinates51°29′1″N0°6′54″W/ 51.48361°N 0.11500°W/51.48361; -0.11500
Establishment1845;179 years ago(1845)
Capacity27,500[1]
OwnerDuchy of Cornwall
OperatorSurrey County Cricket Club
Tenants
List
End names
VauxhallEnd
Pavilion End
International information
First Test6–8 September 1880:
EnglandvAustralia
Last Test6–10 September 2024:
EnglandvSri Lanka
First ODI7 September 1973:
EnglandvWest Indies
Last ODI13 September 2023:
EnglandvNew Zealand
First T20I28 June 2007:
EnglandvWest Indies
Last T20I30 May 2024:
EnglandvPakistan
First women's Test10–13 July 1937:
EnglandvAustralia
Last women's Test24–28 July 1976:
EnglandvAustralia
First WT20I19 June 2009:
EnglandvAustralia
Last WT20I13 July 2024:
EnglandvNew Zealand
Team information
Surrey (1846–present)
Corinthian-Casuals(football) (1950–1963)
As of 13 July 2024
Source:ESPNcricinfo

In addition to cricket, The Oval has hosted a number of other historically significant sporting events. In 1870, it staged the first representative football match betweenEnglandandScotland,although this is not deemed to be an official international byFIFA.[10]It hosted the firstFA Cup finalin1872,[11][12]as well as those between1874[13]and1892.[14]In 1876, it held both theEnglandv.Walesand England v.Scotlandrugbyinternational matches and, in 1877, rugby's firstvarsity match.[15]It also hosted the finals of the2004&2017ICC Champions Trophyand the2023 ICC World Test Championship Final.

History

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The clock by the Members' entrance to the pavilion

The Oval is built on part of the formerKennington Common.Cricket matches were played on the common throughout the early 18th century. The earliest recorded match was theLondonvDartfordmatch in June 1724. However, as the common was also used regularly for public executions of those convicted at theSurrey Assizes(it was the south London equivalent ofTyburn), cricket matches had moved away to theArtillery Groundby the 1740s. Kennington Common was eventuallyenclosedin the mid-19th century under a scheme sponsored by the royal family.

In 1844, the site of the Kennington Oval was a cabbage patch and market garden[16][17]owned by theDuchy of Cornwall.[18][19]The Duchy was willing to lease the land for the purpose of a cricket ground, and on 10 March 1845 the first lease, which the club later assumed, was issued to Mr. William Houghton (then president of the progenitorMontpelier Cricket Club) by the Otter Trustees who held the land from the Duchy "to convert it into a subscription cricket ground",[20]for 31 years at a rent of £120 per annum[21]plus taxes amounting to £20.[22]The original contract for turfing The Oval cost £300;[21]the 10,000 grass turfs came fromTooting Commonand were laid in the spring of 1845[19][20]allowing for the first cricket match to be played in May 1845. Hence,Surrey County Cricket Club(SCCC) was established in 1845.[5][20][23][24]

The popularity of the ground was immediate and the strength of the SCCC grew. On 3 May 1875 the club acquired the remainder of the leasehold for a further term of 31 years from the Otter Trustees for the sum of £2,800.[25]

In 1868, 20,000 spectators gathered at The Oval for the first game of the1868 Aboriginal cricket tour of England,the first tour of England by any foreign side.[26]Thanks toC.W. Alcock,the Secretary of Surrey from 1872 to 1907,[27]the firstTestmatch in England was played at The Oval in 1880 betweenEnglandandAustralia.The Oval, thereby, became the second ground to stage a Test, afterMelbourne Cricket Ground(MCG).[28]In 1882, Australia won the Test by seven runs within two days.The Sporting Timesprinted a mocking obituary notice[29]for English cricket, which led to the creation ofthe Ashestrophy, which is still contested whenever England plays Australia.[30]The first Test double century was scored at The Oval in 1884 by Australia'sBilly Murdoch.[31]

Surrey's ground is noted as having the first artificial lighting at a sports arena, in the form of gas-lamps, dating to 1889.[32]The current pavilion was completed in time for the 1898 season.[21][33]

In 1907,South Africabecame the second visiting Test team to play a Test match at the ground. In 1928, theWest Indiesplayed its first Test match at The Oval, followed byNew Zealandin 1931. In 1936,Indiabecame the fifth foreign visiting Test side to play at The Oval, followed byPakistanin 1954 andSri Lankain 1998.[34]Zimbabwe,Bangladesh,AfghanistanandIrelandhave yet to play a Test match at The Oval.[35][36]

The pavilion end in 1891

The Oval is referenced by the poetPhilip Larkinin his poem about theFirst World War,"MCMXIV".[37]DuringWorld War II,The Oval was requisitioned, initially housing anti-aircraft searchlights. It was then turned into aprisoner-of-warcamp, intended to hold enemy parachutists. However, as they never came, The Oval was never actually used for this purpose.[38]

The firstOne Day Internationalmatch at this venue was played on 7 September 1973 between England and West Indies.[39]It hosted matches of the1975,1979,1983,and1999 World Cups.[40]It also hosted five of the fifteen matches in the 2004ICC Champions Trophy,including the final.[41]The Oval once held the record for the largest playing area of any Test venue in the world. That record has since been surpassed byGaddafi StadiuminPakistan,although The Oval remains the largest in Great Britain.

BillionairePaul Getty,who had a great affinity for cricket and was at one time SCCC President, built a replica of The Oval on hisWormsley Parkestate.[42]

The famous gasholdersjust outside the ground were built around 1853.[43]With the gasholders long disused, there was much speculation as to whether they should be demolished; however, many believe they are an integral part of The Oval's urban landscape and, therefore, their future looks secure. In 2016 the main gasholder was given official protected status as a historically important industrial structure.[44]

On 20 August 2006, The Oval saw the first time a teamforfeited a Test match.Pakistan were upset after umpiresDarrell HairandBilly Doctroveawarded five penalty runs to the opposition and changed the ball after ruling that the team had tampered with it on the fourth day of the final Test against England. Pakistan debated the matter during the tea break and then refused to come out for the final session in protest. By the time they relented and decided to resume, the umpires had already called time on the match and awarded the game to England by default.[45][46]

The Oval hosted its hundredth Test, against South Africa, on 27 July 2017, becoming the fourth Test venue in the world afterLord's,MCGandSCGto do so.[47]Moeen Alialso became the first player to ever take a Test hat-trick at The Oval, bowling out South Africa in the second innings to win the match.[48]

In Tests, the highest team score at The Oval is 903/7 declared by England against Australia on 20 August 1938. The leading run scorers areLen Hutton(1,521 runs),Alastair Cook(1,217 runs) andGraham Gooch(1,097 runs). The leading wicket takers areIan Botham(52 wickets),Derek Underwood(45 wickets) andJames Anderson(44 wickets).

InODIs,the highest team score at The Oval is 398/5 by New Zealand against England on 12 June 2015. The leading ODI run scorers areEoin Morgan(630 runs),Marcus Trescothick(528 runs) andJoe Root(480 runs). The leading ODI wicket takers areJames Anderson(30 wickets) andDarren Gough(13 wickets).

In 2021, theOval Invincibleswere formed as a team in the newly-launchedThe Hundredcompetition. The initial games in both the men's and women's competition were played on the ground.

End names

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The north-western end of The Oval is traditionally known as theVauxhall End,as it is nearer to the district ofVauxhalland itsrailway station.[49][50]The opposite end (south-east) is known as thePavilionEndas it is the location of the Members' Pavilion.[49]

21st-century redevelopment

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Surrey v Yorkshire (OCS stand in background)

At the end of the 2002 cricket season, Surrey started redeveloping the Vauxhall End.[51]The development included demolishing the outdatedSurridge,Fender,Jardine,andPeter Maynorth stands, and creating in their place a single four-tier grandstand. From completion until 2020 it was known as the OCS stand,[52]as it was sponsored by Outsourced Client Solutions International Facilities Management Services. As of the start of the 2021 season it is now known as the JM Finn stand because of a sponsorship deal with JM Finn[53]This work was completed in May 2005 and increased ground capacity to around 23,000.[54]

In January 2007, Surrey CCC, announced plans to increase capacity by a further 2,000 seats, this time by redeveloping the Pavilion End. TheLock,Laker,andPeter Maysouth stands were to be replaced by a new stand, which would have a hotel backing on to it.[55]The Surrey Tavern at the entrance to the ground would be demolished, and a new pedestrian plaza would be created in its place, improving access to the ground and opening up views of the historic pavilion.[55]These plans were delayed by objections raised by theHealth & Safety Executiveas the ground is close to a gasometer. Planning permission was eventually granted, but development did not proceed due to the2007–2008 financial crisis.

In 2009, four masts of semi-permanent telescopicfloodlightscosting £3.7m were installed for use in late-day through evening matches.[56]The floodlights were especially designed to comply with strict residential planning regulations to lessen their visual impact and any light overspill to residents, as well as to improve the game experience within the ground by reducing excess glare that can affect players, umpires, broadcasters and spectators. Precision reflector systems were fitted for tight beam control to decrease overspill and direct light only where needed. Each mast was made extendable to a maximum height of 47.6 metres (156 ft) and, when not in use, retractable to 30 m (98 ft). At the end of each season, all four masts can be removed and stored away.[57][58][59]

After the 2013 season, a new project was started to add 'wings' to either side of the OCS Stand at the Vauxhall End of the ground. The development was finished in time for the start of the 2014 season. Each 'wing' added 500 seats, increasing the capacity from 23,500 to 24,500.[60]

In September 2015, the Peter May and Tony Lock stands were demolished, to be replaced by a single new and much larger stand named after Peter May. May led Surrey to their sixth and seventh consecutive County Championships in 1957 and 1958 and also captained England from 1955 to 1961, winning the Ashes in 1956. Construction of the new stand, which cost around £10m, began in September 2015. It officially opened on 15 May 2016, increasing the capacity of the ground by 1,300 seats to 25,300.[61]

Following the demolition of the Tony Lock stand, the club renamed the Laker Stand as the Lock/Laker Stand, continuing to honour the contribution made by the spin partnership ofTony LockandJim Laker,who collectively took 3,108 wickets for the club.[62]

The Lock/Laker stand was itself demolished in September 2019, and work began on the construction of a new development in its place, initially named "One Oval Square". The new structure included a three-tier stand that increased the ground's total capacity to 27,500, as well as providing facilities for the Club's hospitality, conference and events businesses, and improved facilities for Members. The new stand opened in June 2021 and was renamed the M.A.R. Galadari Stand. The project is part of a planned £50m long-term redevelopment of the ground by Surrey County Cricket Club which will see The Oval transformed into the largest cricket stadium in the western hemisphere, with a capacity of 40,000.[citation needed]

Floodlights were added in the shape of an O for oval on one side of the ground to emulate the e-shaped floodlights atEdgbaston.

Other sports

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Football

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The Oval was also an important site in the historical development offootballin England. Football had been played in this part of London for many years prior to the inauguration of The Oval: "The Gymnastic Society",arguably the world's first organised football club, met regularly at nearbyKennington Commonduring the second half of the eighteenth century to play the game.[63]

Between 1950 and 1963, amateur clubCorinthian Casualsplayed their home matches at The Oval,[64]with the pitch at the Vauxhall End.[65]

First international football match

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See also:England v Scotland representative football matches (1870–72)

The Oval was the venue for the first representative football match in the world on 5 March 1870,EnglandagainstScotland,organised byThe Football Association.[66][67]The game resulted in a 1–1 draw, but is not recognised byFIFAas the first official international match because the Scotland team was selected only from London-based Scottish players. Similar representative international matches between England and Scotland took place at The Oval until February 1872.

On 8 March 1873, theEngland national teambeat Scotland 4–2 in the first officially recognised international match to be played in England. England continued to play occasionally at The Oval until 1889.[68][69][70]

First FA Cup final

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The Oval was the site of the firstFA Cupfinal, and also both semi-final matches. On 16 March 1872,The Wanderersbeat theRoyal Engineers1–0 to win the first FA Cup. This final was notable for the Engineers' then innovativefootballing style of teamworkrather than individual play.[71]C. W. Alcock,Secretary ofThe Football Association,was the prime mover in the creation of the competition. He had also just become Secretary ofSurrey CCC,so The Oval was the natural choice of venue for the final. Alcock was also captain of the successful Wanderers side. Apart from1873,The Oval hosted all subsequent FA Cup finals until1892.

Rugby

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Between 1872 and 1879, The Oval held seven full cap international rugby union matches. The final of theUnited Hospitals Challenge Cup,the oldest rugby union cup competition in the world, was also first held at The Oval on Wednesday 3 March 1875.

Hockey

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From 1935 to 1949 England women's internationalhockeymatches were played at The Oval.[72]One of these matches, in 1938, was the first match in any team sport to be televised by theBBC,as a trial for broadcasting the Oval Test later that year.[73]

Baseball

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On 12 March 1889, the Oval hosted an exhibition baseball game between theChicago Whitestockingsand an "All-American" team as part ofAlbert Spalding's 1888-1889 baseball world tour. The Oval was reported to have been full, and the match was attended bythe Prince of Waleswho greeted the players following the game.[74]

Conferences and events

edit

As well as being an international sporting venue, The Oval has a conference and events business. The Corinthian Roof Terrace built on the OCS Stand in 2013 features panoramic views of the London skyline.

Other events

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The ground has also hosted other sporting events and also music concerts.

On 18 September 1971, a day-long rock concert was held at The Oval to raise funds forfamine relief in war-torn Bangladesh.FeaturingThe Facesand headlined byThe Who,a crowd of over 40,000 people attended, with the stage sited at the Vauxhall End. The following year, two more successful concerts were held; the first featuringFrank ZappaandHawkwind,the second featuringEmerson, Lake and PalmerandGenesis.

The Oval has hostedexhibition matchesforAustralian rules football.The first such match was held betweenCarltonand a team of All-Stars in1972.[75]In 1987, the Oval hosted what became known as the Battle of Britain between Carlton andNorth Melbourne,which included numerous fights and future multiple AFL Premiership coachAlastair Clarkson,at the time only a teenager, breaking Ian Aitken's jaw. In 2005, a record crowd for Australian rules football in England (18,884) sawFremantledefeat theWest Coast Eaglesin theWestern Derby(thus far, the only edition of the fixture to not be played in Perth). In 2012, approximately 10,000 attended a post-season exhibition match betweenPort Adelaideand theWestern Bulldogs,which Port Adelaide won by 1 point.[76]

In 2011, ahead of anNFL International Seriesgame atWembley Stadium,theChicago Bearsused The Oval as a practice facility.[77]

Oval gasometer and gasworks

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Further information:The Oval Gasholders
The Oval Gasholder

A tallVictoriangasometer,sited less than 50 metres beyond the north-eastern stadium wall, has been a dominating feature of the view from the ground since the mid 1800s. A movement to preserve iconic gasometers across the UK as important and historic monuments of Britain's industrial heritage has emerged in recent years, with the one visible from The Oval often cited as a particularly notable example. The skeletal but decorativewrought ironstructure is a landmark in the area and has become an intrinsic part of The Oval's history and urban allure. The cricket commentatorHenry Blofeldonce said in a broadcast, "As the bowler runs in, it's so quiet you can hear the creak of the gasometer."

Although long unused as a gas holder, the aging structure was only officially decommissioned in 2014, with plans to demolish it being announced in 2013. Blofeld stated: "In comparison, pulling down theVictoria Memorialin front ofBuckingham Palacewould be child's play. ".[78]After local public protest at the proposed demolition, in March 2016 the structure was given Grade IIlisted statusto protect its future.

Transport connections

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Service Station/Stop Lines/Routes served Distance
London Buses Oval Station 36,185,436 100 metres (330 ft)
Clapham Road 155,333 200 metres (660 ft)[79]
Oval Station 155,333 190 metres (620 ft)[80]
London Underground Oval 190 metres (620 ft)
Vauxhall 850 metres (2,790 ft)[81]
National Rail South Western Railway

See also

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References

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Preceded by
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 FA Cup
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1872 		Succeeded by
Preceded by FA Cup
Final Venue
1874–1892 		Succeeded by
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