King You of Zhou(795–771 BC), personal nameJi Gongsheng,was akingof the ChineseZhou dynastyand the last from theWestern Zhou dynasty.He reigned from 781 to 771 BC.
| King You of Zhou Chu u vương | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | |||||||||
| King of the Zhou dynasty | |||||||||
| Reign | 781–771 BC | ||||||||
| Predecessor | King Xuan of Zhou | ||||||||
| Successor | King Ping of Zhou | ||||||||
| Born | Ji Gongsheng 795 BC | ||||||||
| Died | 771 BC | ||||||||
| Spouse | Bao Si | ||||||||
| Issue |
| ||||||||
| |||||||||
| House | Ji | ||||||||
| Dynasty | Zhou(Western Zhou) | ||||||||
| Father | King Xuan of Zhou | ||||||||
| Mother | Queen Jiang | ||||||||
| King You of Zhou | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Posthumous name | |||||||||
| Chinese | ChuUVương | ||||||||
| Literal meaning | The Quiet King of Zhou The Secluded King of Zhou | ||||||||
| |||||||||
History
editIn 780 BC, a major earthquake struckGuanzhong.A soothsayer named Bo Yangfu (Bá dương phủ) considered this an omen foretelling the destruction of the Zhou Dynasty.
In 779 BC, a concubine namedBao Sientered the palace and came into the King You's favour. They had a son namedBofu.[1]King You deposedQueen ShenandCrown Prince Yijiu.He made Baosi the new queen and Bofu the new crown prince.[2]
Queen Shen's father, theMarquess of Shen,was furious at the deposition of his daughter and grandson Crown Prince Yijiu and mounted anattackon King You's palace with theQuanrong.King You called for his nobles using the previously abused beacons but none came. In the end, King You and Bofu were killed and Baosi was captured.[3]
After King You died, nobles including the Marquess of Shen, the Marquess of Zeng (Tăng hầu) andDuke Wen of Xusupported the deposed Prince Yijiu asKing Ping of Zhou[4]to continue the Zhou Dynasty. As the national capitalHaojinghad suffered severe damage, and was located near the potentially dangerous Quanrong, in 771 BC,King Ping of Zhoumoved the capital eastward toLuoyang,thus beginning theEastern Zhou dynastyand ushering in theSpring and Autumn periodwhich would last for more than 300 years.[5]
In literature
editIn the traditional Mao Commentary to theClassic of Poetry,the minor court hymn "Gather the Beans" (Thải thục;Cǎi Shū) is said to be a criticism of King You for squandering feudal lords' respect and humiliating them.[6][7]Even so, this interpretation is disputed.[citation needed]
TheRecords of the Grand Historianstates that Baosi did not laugh easily. After trying many methods and failing, King You tried to amuse his favorite queen by lighting warning beacons and fooling his nobles into thinking that theQuanrongnomads were about to attack. The nobles arrived at the castle only to find themselves laughed at by Baosi. Even after King You had impressed Baosi, he continued to abuse his use of warning beacons and lost the trust of the nobles.[8][9]The earliest warning beacons appeared in the Han dynasty, and this story is considered to be fabricated.[10]According theXinian,carried by the excavatedTsinghua Bamboo Slips,King You of Zhou attacked the Marquess of Shen, who allied with the Quanrong to defeat the royal army.
Family
edit- Queen Shen, of the Jiang clan ofShen(Thân hậu khương tính), a daughter of theMarquess of Shen;the mother of Crown Prince Yijiu
- Bao Si,of the Du lineage of the Qi clan of Bao (791–771 BC), a daughter ofDu Bo;married in 779 BC; the mother of Crown Prince Bofu
- Crown Prince Yijiu (Thái tử nghi cữu;d. 720 BC), ruled asKing Ping of Zhoufrom 770 to 720 BC
- Crown PrinceBofu(779–771 BC)
Ancestry
edit| King Yi of Zhou(d. 878 BC) | |||||||||||||||
| King Li of Zhou(890–828 BC) | |||||||||||||||
| Wang Ji ofE | |||||||||||||||
| King Xuan of Zhou(d. 782 BC) | |||||||||||||||
| Shen Jiang ofShen | |||||||||||||||
| King You of Zhou (d. 771 BC) | |||||||||||||||
| Duke Xian of Qi(d. 850 BC) | |||||||||||||||
| Duke Wu of Qi | |||||||||||||||
| Queen JiangofQi | |||||||||||||||
See also
editReferences
edit- ^Revised Chinese Dictionary,Ministry of Education, Taiwan
- ^Sima Qian.Records of the Grand Historian.Vol. 4.
- ^Cambridge History of Ancient China,1999, pages 546 and 551
- ^Bamboo Annals
- ^Phương Thi Danh (2001), Niên biểu lịch sử Trung Quốc
- ^Classic of Poetry,Minor Court-Hymns, Decade of Sang Hu,"Gather the Beans"
- ^Mao Chang ( mao trường ) (?) / Mao Heng ( mao hanh ) (?),Zheng Xuan( trịnh huyền ),Duan Yucai( đoạn ngọc tài ),Mao thi cố huấn truyện định bổn (Maoshi guxun zhuan dingben)"vol. 6";p. 179 of 208,quote: (《 thải thục 》, thứ u vương dã. Vũ mạn chư hầu, chư hầu lai triều, bất năng tích mệnh dĩ lễ, sổ trưng hội chi nhi vô tín nghĩa, quân tử kiến vi nhi tư cổ yên. )
- ^Sima Qian,Shiji,"Basic Annals of Zhou";quote: ( bao tự bất hảo tiếu, u vương dục kỳ tiếu vạn phương, cố bất tiếu. U vương vi phong toại đại cổ, hữu khấu chí tắc cử phong hỏa. Chư hầu tất chí, chí nhi vô khấu, bao tự nãi đại tiếu. U vương thuyết chi, vi sổ cử phong hỏa. Kỳ hậu bất tín, chư hầu ích diệc bất chí. ).
- ^Giles, Herbert A. (1912).The Civilization of China.Tutis Digital Publishing.ISBN81-320-0448-5.Chapter 1
- ^"Tư tấn _ phượng hoàng võng".news.ifeng.com.Retrieved2023-04-10.