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Kraśnik[ˈkraɕɲik]is a town in southeasternPolandwith 35,602 inhabitants (2012), situated in theLublin Voivodeship,historicLesser Poland.It is the seat ofKraśnik County.The town of Kraśnik as it is known today was created in 1975, after the merger of its two districts -Kraśnik Lubelski,andKraśnik Fabryczny.
Kraśnik | |
|---|---|
 Kraśnik | |
  Kraśnik | |
| Coordinates:50°55′N22°13′E/ 50.917°N 22.217°E | |
| Country |  Poland |
| Voivodeship |  Lublin |
| County | Kraśnik |
| Gmina | Kraśnik(urban gmina) |
| Established | 14th century |
| Town rights | 1377 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Krzysztof Staruch (Ind.) |
| Area | |
• Total | 25.29 km2(9.76 sq mi) |
| Population (2006) | |
• Total | 36,072 |
| • Density | 1,400/km2(3,700/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1(CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2(CEST) |
| Postal code | 05-085, 05-000 |
| Area code | +48 81 |
| Car plates | LKR |
| Website | http://www.krasnik.eu |
Location and districts
editKraśnik is located in Lesser Poland, among the hills ofLublin Upland,49 kilometers south-west ofLublin.The town is divided into two major parts, which are a few kilometers apart:Kraśnik FabrycznyandKraśnik Lubelski(orKraśnik Stary, Old Kraśnik). The town has an area of 25.28 square kilometers, of which arable land makes up 45%, and forests 17%.
Kraśnik Lubelski
editKraśnik Lubelski is the original part of the town where all historic buildings are located. It is made of several districts, such asOld Town, Bojanówka, Koszary, Góry, Zarzecze, Kwiatkowice,andOsiedle Kolejowe.Kraśnik Lubelski has old churches and the oldest cemetery of the town, as well as a rail station, a bus station and main administrative offices of the county. It is also a major road junction, where futureExpressway S19(current National Road No. 19) meets National Road No. 74. Until 2010, the Road 74 went through the center of Kraśnik, but now there is a by-pass.
Kraśnik Fabryczny
editKraśnik Fabryczny was founded in the late 1930s, as a settlement forState Ammunition Factory No. 2(Panstwowe Fabryka Amunicji nr. 2), one of the enterprises built as part of theCentral Industrial Region.Previously, in the location of Kraśnik Fabryczny there was the village of Dąbrowa Bór, placed a few kilometers northwest of Kraśnik, in a forest between Kraśnik andUrzędów.The government of theSecond Polish Republicplanned a new settlement, built from scratch, for 6,000 people around the new Ammunition Factory No. 2, FLT-Kraśnik. After the war, the settlement of Dąbrowa Bór was expanded, and in 1954 its name was changed to Kraśnik Fabryczny. In the 1960s, a number of single-family houses was built, later on, several blocks of flats were constructed. On October 1, 1975, Kraśnik Fabryczny merged with Kraśnik Lubelski, and the villages of Budzyń and Piaski, creating the town of Kraśnik. Currently, Kraśnik Fabryczny has some 20,000 inhabitants.
History
edit
The area of Kraśnik was first settled in the 13th century, and the town received its city charter in 1377, by KingLouis I of Hungary.At that time it belonged toSandomierz Voivodeship,one of two voivodeships of Lesser Poland (Lublin Voivodeshipwas created in 1474, out of parts of Sandomierz Voivodeship). Located on a busy merchant road fromSilesiatoKyiv,Kraśnik in the 14th century belonged to the Gorajski family. In 1403, it had aparish church of Saint Paul,and in 1410, as adowryof Anna of Goraj, it passed into the hands of theTęczyński family.Later on, it belonged to other families, such as theRadziwiłłs,and in 1604, the town was purchased byhetmanJan Zamoyski.Until 1866, Kraśnik belonged to the Zamoyski family. The town frequently suffered from fires, it was also destroyed by the Swedes in 1657, during theDeluge.
Since the 14th century, Kraśnik was surrounded by arampart,and ca. 1465, stone-brick walls were built on initiative of Jan Tęczyński, with two gates -Lublin GateandSandomierz Gate.The walls were demolished in the second half of the 19th century. Kraśnik also had a defensive church, surrounded with a high wall, and a castle, built in the 14th century on a hill surrounded by swamps. By 1646, the castle was already neglected. In 1657, it was completely destroyed by the Swedes.[citation needed]
Until theThird Partition of Poland(1795), Kraśnik belonged to Lublin Voivodeship, then passed intoAustrianhands. In 1807 it was included in the short-lived PolishDuchy of Warsaw,and from 1815 until 1915 the town was in theRussian Empire(Congress Poland). In August 1914, the town and surrounding area were a focal point ofBattle of Kraśnik,an opening battle of theWorld War Istruggle betweenRussiaandCentral Powersover control ofGalicia.During the war, the town gained its first railway connection, as a line was built through it by the Russians in 1914 in order to deliver supplies to the front. Later on, the line was expanded, and now it joins Lublin withStalowa Wola.[citation needed]
In 1938 Kraśnik was selected as the location for an ammunition factory (seeCentral Industrial Region). The factory was not finished by the timeWorld War IIbroke out in 1939, and during theGerman occupationit was used to manufacture parts forHeinkelplanes and other purposes. After the war, in 1948, the factory was started up again, this time to produceball bearings(the first factory to do that in Poland).[citation needed]
Jews in Kraśnik
editAs with much of theLublindistrict, Kraśnik was a major center ofJudaism,with 5,000 Jews (almost 50% of the population) prior toWorld War II.Historical accounts place Jews in the area in 1531, but the official right to settle there was granted to Jews in 1584. In 1654, Jewish residence was officially limited to the area near the synagogue, but in practice this was not rigidly enforced.[citation needed]
Following theinvasion of PolandbyNazi Germanyand theSoviet Unionin World War II, Kraśnik was taken over by the Soviets in 1939 and later by the Nazis duringOperation Barbarossa.It was the site of theBudzyń concentration camp,where the prisoners worked for theHeinkelFlugzeugwerkefactory on aircraft production. This camp, with around 3,000 Jews, became a subcamp ofMajdanek.
There was another labor camp in Kraśnik called the WIFO Labor Camp, or the Kraśnik Labor Camp (also calledZwangsArbeitslagerSkret), located in the ghetto at Szkolna and Bóżnicza streets. It had a similar number of people in it (around 3,000), most of whom were murdered.[1]From a population of more than 5,000 Kraśnik Jews, only an estimated 350 survived the Holocaust; most or all of these survivors left Poland.[2]
Local attractions
edit
- Ruins of the 17th-century Zamoyski castle,
- The 18th-centuryBaroqueformerHospital Church of the Holy Spirit(1758–1761) and hospital,
- The Lateran Canons, containing St Mary's Ascension church (ca 1469) with paintings byT. Dolabella,gravestones of theTeczynskifamily, and the monastery (15th-18th centuries),
- An unusual doublesynagoguefrom the 17th century, partially renovated but now in disrepair[3]
- 2ndSOS Children's Villagein Poland, established in 1991,
- Tsubaki-Hoover Polska Limited Liability Company, asubsidiaryof Tsubaki Nakashima, which manufacturesballandroller bearings
Sports
editInternational relations
editTwin towns
editKraśnik istwinnedwith:
Hajdúböszörmény,Hungary
Ruiselede,Belgium
Šilalė,Lithuania
Korosten,Ukraine- Turiisk,Ukraine
Trogir,Croatia
Former twin towns:
Nogent-sur-Oise,France (In February 2020, the French commune suspended its partnership with Kraśnik as a reaction to the passing of ananti-LGBTresolution by the Kraśnik local authorities.)[5]
Controversies
editLGBT-free zone (2019-2021)
edit
In 2019, Kraśnik's city council has adopted anLGBT-free zoneresolution, which led to the city's budget losing 10 million euros fromEEA and Norway Grants,getting expelled from aEuropean Uniontwin town cooperation program and losing twin town status withNogent-sur-Oise.[5][6]In 2021, an appeal to repeal the vote by the mayor was rejected by the town council.[7]The resolution was finally overturned on April 29, 2021. [8]
5G-free zone
editOn 24 September 2020, Kraśnik councilors voted to consider the ban on5Gmobile telephonyin the city. Support was given to the petition of the "Poland Free from 5G Coalition Association"(pl: Stowarzyszenie Koalicja Polska Wolna od 5G),which also provides for an order to dismantle Wi-Fi networks in schools.[9][10][11][12]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^"Budzyn and Krasnik Labor Camps - Never Again".Archived fromthe originalon August 28, 2016.RetrievedApril 13,2016.
- ^Remember Jewish Kraśnik,chelm.freeyellow.com; retrieved December 6, 2013.[dead link]
- ^"FORWARD: Forward Living".March 15, 2006. Archived fromthe originalon 2006-03-15.
- ^"Historia Klubu".FKS Stal Kraśnik(in Polish).Retrieved2018-09-08.
- ^ab"Kolejna francuska gmina zawiesza partnerstwo z polskim miastem ze" strefą wolną od LGBT "".Retrieved23 February2020.
- ^"Kraśnik nie uchylił uchwały anty-LGBT. Radny: nie mogę poddać się presji i naciskom".wiadomosci.onet.pl.22 September 2020.
- ^Higgins, Andrew (2021-04-10)."After Going 'Free of L.G.B.T.,' a Polish Town Pays a Price".The New York Times.Retrieved11 April2021.
- ^Domagała, Małgorzata (2021-04-29)."Kraśnik odrzucił uchwałę" przeciw ideologii LGBT ". Motywacją były fundusze norweskie".Gazeta Wyborcza.Retrieved2021-04-29.
- ^"Kraśnik podtrzymał kontrowersyjną uchwałę ws. LGBT. Teraz dołącza do niej petycja o 5G".wiadomosci.wp.pl.24 September 2020.
- ^"Kraśnik:" strefa wolna od 5G "poparta przez radnych".radiozet.pl.24 September 2020.
- ^"Przykryć cały Kraśnik folią. Radni walczą z 5G i chcą wyłączenia WiFi w szkołach".spidersweb.pl.24 September 2020.
- ^"Sprzeciw" wobec wprowadzania standardu 5G "i" sieci Wi-Fi w szkołach ". Rada Kraśnika poparła petycję".tvn24.pl.24 September 2020.
External links
edit- Official home page
- Remember Jewish Krasnik
- Places in Lubelskie Kraśnik page, with pictures
- Compilation of Jewish family names appearing one or more times in the vital records of Kraśnik
- A list of those from the town of Kraśnik who were murdered in the Holocaust, taken fromSefer Krasnik (Book of Krasnik)
- Adam Mickiewicz Institute - Jewish History in Kraśnik
- Kraśnik, PolandatJewishGen
