Wikipedia

Kyōgoku clan

In thisJapanese name,thesurnameisKyōgoku.

TheKyōgoku clan(Kinh cực thị,Kyōgoku-shi)were aJapanesedaimyōand samurai clan which rose to prominence during theSengokuandEdoperiods. The clan descend from theUdaGenjithrough theSasaki clan.[1]The name derives from the Kyōgoku quarter ofKyotoduring theHeian period.[2]

Kyōgoku clan
Kinh cực thị
The emblem (mon) of the Kyōgoku clan
Home province
Parent houseSasaki clan
TitlesVarious
Current headTakaharu Kyōgoku
Dissolutionstill extant

The Kyōgoku acted asshugo(governors) ofŌmi,Hida,IzumoandOki Provincesin the period before theŌnin War.[2]

A period of decline in clan fortunes was mitigated with the rise of theTokugawa clan.Members of the clan weredaimyōsof territories on the islands ofKyūshūandShikokuduring theEdo period.[2]Under theTokugawa shogunate,the Kyōgoku were identified astozamaor outsiders, in contrast with thefudaior insiderdaimyōclans which were hereditary vassals or allies of the Tokugawa.[3]

At the fall of theTokugawa shogunate,the Kyōgoku had beenenfeoffedatMarugameandTadotsuinSanuki,ToyookainTajima,andMineyama DomaininTango Province.A branch of the Kyōgoku was ranked among thekōke.[2]

Genealogy

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ThetozamaKyōgoku are descended directly fromEmperor Uda(868–897) through his grandsonMinamoto no Masanobu(920-993).[4]They represent a cadet branch of theSasaki clanwho were adopted by theSeiwa Genji.[2]

The branches of thetozamaKyōgoku clan include the following:

Takatsugu's son,Kyōgoku Tadataka(1593–1637), married the fourth daughter of the second ShōgunTokugawa Hidetadain 1607. Tadataka's revenues were increased gradually over time. In 1634, he was grantedMatsue Domain(260,000koku) inIzumo Province;but he died three years later without leaving any heirs. His holdings reverted to the shogunate.[5]
Kyōgoku Takatomo.
The bakufu designatedKyōgoku Takakazu,the son of Tadataka's brother Takamasa, to continue the line. Tadakazu wasenfeoffedatTatsuno(50,000koku) inHarima Province.In 1658, the family was transferred toMarugameinSanuki Province,where they remaineddaimyōuntil theabolition of the han systemin 1871. The head of this clan line was ennobled as a viscount in theMeiji period.[1]
Kyōgoku Takahiro(1599–1677) was the adopted son and heir of Takatomo. When the administration of Miyazu became his responsibility after 1621, the revenues of the domain were reduced to 75,000koku byTokugawa Shogunate.The poor stewardship of Takahiro was exacerbated by that of his sonKyōgoku Takakuni(1616–1675). ShōgunTokugawa Ietsunadispossessed the Kyōgoku of Miyazu in 1666, banishing both Takakuni and his son,Kyōgoku Takayori.In 1687, Takayori was permitted to return from banishment; and he was granted a pension of 2,000kokuand a position amongst thekōke.This Edo period bureaucratic position was responsible for official and imperial rituals and ceremonies.[7]
The Kyōgoku residence in Toyooka.
  • An offshoot of the cadet branch was created in 1604 when Kyōgoku Takatomo transferred his seat of authority to Miyasu Castle. This clan sub-branching comprised those descendants of the Kyōgoku who continued to hold Tanabe Castle in Tango Province. In 1668, this clan branch was transferred toToyooka Domain(15,000koku) inTajima Province.The head of this clan line was created a viscount in the Meiji period.[1]
  • Another offshoot of the cadet branch was established in 1620 whenKyōgoku Takamichi(1603–1665) was enfeoffed atMineyama Domain(10,000koku) in Tango Province. Takamichi, who was the son ofKuchiki Tanetsuna,had been adopted by Takatomo. The descendants of Takamichi weredaimyōsin thishanuntil 1871. The head of this clan line was recognized as a viscount in the Meiji period.

Modern times

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The fall of the Tokugawa shogunate created ripple of unanticipated consequences amongst thedaimyoclosely associated with the bafuku. One results of these economic changes was that the residence in Edo belonging to the Kyōgoku daimyo of Tadotsu was sold. The clan's house and garden fell into the hands ofInoue Kaoru,the first foreign minister in the Meiji government.[8]The home became a venue for entertaining foreign dignitaries and introducing them to the esthetics of Japanese gardens.[9]

After World War II, the former Kyōgoku property was acquired by theInternational House of Japan.A new residence hall and cultural center was built on the site, but the garden was preserved as the unanticipated yet enduring legacy of the Kyōgoku clan.[8]The garden survives and the clan continues, albeit with less public visibly.

Head Family

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Ancestor

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  1. Emperor Uda
  2. Imperial Prince Atsumi ( đôn thật thân vương ) (893–967)
  3. Minamoto no Masanobu
  4. Minamoto no Sukenori (951–998)
  5. Sasaki Nariyori
  6. Sasaki no Yoshitsune (1000–1058)
  7. Sasaki no Tsunekata
  8. Sasaki Tametoshi
  9. Sasaki Hideyoshi
  10. Sasaki Sadatsuna (1142–1205)
  11. Sasaki Nobutsuna (1181–1242)

Head Family

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  1. Sasaki Ujinobu (1220–1295)
  2. Sasaki Munetsuna (1248–1297)
  3. Sasaki Sadamune (1287–1305)
  4. Sasaki Takauji
  5. Sasaki Takahide (1328–1391)
  6. Kyōgoku Takanori (1352–1401)
  7. Kyōgoku Takamitsu (1375–1413)
  8. Kyōgoku Mochitaka (1401–1439)
  9. Kyōgoku Mochikiyo (1407–1470)
  10. Kyōgoku Masatsune (1453–1502/1508)
  11. Kyōgoku Takakiyo (1460–1538)
  12. Kyōgoku Takanobu
  13. Kyōgoku Takayoshi
  14. Kyōgoku Takatsugu
  15. Kyōgoku Tadataka
  16. Kyōgoku Takakazu (1619–1662)
  17. Kyōgoku Takatoyo (1655–1694)
  18. Kyōgoku Takamochi (1692–1724)
  19. Kyōgoku Takanori (1718–1763)
  20. Kyōgoku Takanaka (1754–1811)
  21. Kyōgoku Takaakira (1798–1874)
  22. Kyōgoku Akiyuki (1828–1882)
  23. Kyōgoku Takanori (1858–1928)
  24. Kyōgoku Takaosa (1891–1967)
  25. Takaharu Kyōgoku

Notable clan members

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This is adynamic listand may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help byadding missing itemswithreliable sources.

Ōishi Riku, wife ofŌishi Kuranosuke,leader of theForty-sevenrōnin,was a daughter ofIshizuka Tsuneyoshi,principalhouse elderof Toyooka domain. She later returned to Toyooka, and lived with her father at the time of the revenge of the ronin.

In 1925, the first election of the members of theHouse of Peersrepresenting the Meiji-created nobility ( thekazoku) was held. As a result, ViscountTakanori Kyōgokuof Sanuki was amongst those who were seated in the upper house of the Imperial Diet.[10]

In 2009,Takaharu Kyōgokubecame the chief priest (kannushi) of theYasukuni Shrine.He is the 15th head of the Kyogoku family that held power in Toyooka until theMeiji Restoration.[11]

Clan heads

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See also

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Notes

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  1. ^abcdefghiPapinot, Jacques. (2003).Nobiliare du Japon,pp. 27–28.
  2. ^abcdeIwao, Seiichiet al.(2002).Dictionnaire historique du Japon,p. 1704.
  3. ^Appert, Georgeset al.(1888).Ancien Japon,p. 76.
  4. ^Plutschow, Herbert. (1995).Japan's Name Culture: The Significance of Names in a Religious, Political and Social Context,pp. 133–134.
  5. ^Papinot, pp. 27–28; Murdock, James. (1996).A History of Japan,p. 19.
  6. ^Mass, Jeffrey P.(1985).The Bakufu in Japanese history,p. 162.
  7. ^Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Kōke"inJapan Encyclopedia,p. 547,p. 547, atGoogle Books;n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum,seeDeutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority FileArchived2012-05-24 atarchive.today.
  8. ^abPearson, Clifford."Glimpses of Contemporary Japan: Or Octopus Balls for Breakfast"Archived2014-03-01 at theWayback Machine,Japan Society (New York).
  9. ^International House of Japan:Edo residence and gardenArchived2006-05-02 at theWayback Machine.
  10. ^"Nobility, Peerage and Ranks in Ancient and Meiji-Japan", pp. 27–28.
  11. ^ab"New Yasukuni chief priest picked",Japan Times.June 13, 2009.
  12. ^"House of Peers (Kizokuin), 1909 "at Unterstein.net, p. 14;retrieved 2013-4-9.

References

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  • Appert, Georges and H. Kinoshita. (1888).Ancien Japon.Tokyo: Imprimerie Kokubunsha.
  • Iwao, Seiichi, Teizō Iyanaga, Susumu Ishii, Shōichirō Yoshida,et al.(2002).Dictionnaire historique du Japon.Paris: Maisonneuve & Larose.ISBN978-2-7068-1632-1;OCLC 51096469
  • Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005).Japan encyclopedia.Cambridge:Harvard University Press.ISBN978-0-674-01753-5;OCLC 58053128
  • Papinot, Jacques Edmund Joseph. (1906)Dictionnaire d'histoire et de géographie du japon.Tokyo: Librarie Sansaisha...Click link for digitized 1906Nobiliaire du japon(2003)
  • Plutschow, Herbert. (1995)."Japan's Name Culture: The Significance of Names in a Religious, Political and Social Context.London:Routledge.ISBN978-1-873410-42-4(cloth)
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