Kyzylorda(Kazakh:Қызылорда / Qyzylorda[qəˌzəɫorˈdɑ]()), formerly known asKzyl-Orda(Russian:Кзыл-Орда),Ak-Mechet(Ак-Мечеть),Perovsk(Перовск),Leninsk(Ленинск), andFort-Perovsky(Форт-Перовский), is a city in south-centralKazakhstan,capital ofKyzylorda Regionand former capital of theKazakh ASSRfrom 1925 to 1927.
Kyzylorda
Қызылорда / Qyzylorda(Kazakh) | |
|---|---|
 A train station | |
 Seal | |
  Kyzylorda Location in Kazakhstan | |
| Coordinates:44°51′0″N65°31′0″E/ 44.85000°N 65.51667°E | |
| Country |  Kazakhstan |
| Region | Kyzylorda Region |
| Founded | 1820 |
| City status | 1867 |
| Government | |
| • Akim(mayor) | Nurzhan Akhatov[1] |
| Area | |
| • Total | 2,400 km2(900 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 128 m (420 ft) |
| Population (2019) | |
| • Total | 354,800 |
| • Density | 150/km2(380/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+5 |
| Postal code | 120001 - 120018 |
| Area code | +7 7242 |
| Vehicle registration | N or 11 |
| Website | www |
The city has a population of 242,462 (2020 Census). It historically developed around theSyr Daryariver and was the site of aKokandfortress. The population of the city with nearby villages is 312,861 (2020 Census).[2]
History
editA settlement existed underSeljuk,the founder of the Seljuk dynasty. The modern city began in 1817[3]as the site of aKokandfortress known asAk-Mechet,orwhite mosque.[4]The later-famousYaqub Begwas once the fort's commander, but he was not in command during the final battle. In 1853, during theRussian conquest of Turkestan,the fort was taken by Russian troops under GeneralVasily Perovsky.[4]The Russians established a new fort and called itFort-Perovsky(Форт-Перо́вский), after the general.
The town ofPerovsk(Перо́вск) inRussian Turkestanlater developed around the fort.[4]In 1925, the city was renamed Kzyl-Orda (Кзыл-Орда)[4]and was designated as the capital of theKazak ASSR.The name meansa red city,from the Turkic "кзыл" (red;used here in the commonSovietideological connotation) and the Turkic Mongolian "орда" (city).[4]In 1927 the capital was relocated to the southeastern region andAlma-Ata.
"Kyzylorda",the Kazakh-based Romanized spelling, has been used since the late 20th century after thedissolution of the Soviet UnionandKazakhstan's independence in 1991.[citation needed]
Since independence, many of theouthouseswere erected in several apartment buildings used as dormitories during Soviet rule due to a lack of sewage systems forindoor plumbing.ARFE/RLreport in April 2018 stated that theKazakh Republic governmentwas planning to modernize Soviet-era buildings.[5]
Climate
editKyzylorda has a colddesert climate(Köppen climate classificationBWk) with hot summers and cold winters.Precipitationis low throughout the year, particularly in the summer months. Snow is common, though light, in winter. The lowest temperature on record is −36.1 °C (−33.0 °F), recorded in February 1969, and the former highest temperature was 46.0 °C (114.8 °F), recorded on July 7, 1975,[6]with the current record high temperature of 46.5 °C (115.7 °F) being recorded on July 7, 2021.[7]
| Climate data for Kyzylorda (1991–2020, extremes 1856–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 16.8 (62.2) |
23.9 (75.0) |
31.7 (89.1) |
39.3 (102.7) |
43.3 (109.9) |
44.6 (112.3) |
46.5 (115.7) |
44.7 (112.5) |
42.0 (107.6) |
35.7 (96.3) |
26.0 (78.8) |
18.2 (64.8) |
46.5 (115.7) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −2.5 (27.5) |
0.8 (33.4) |
10.4 (50.7) |
20.9 (69.6) |
28.2 (82.8) |
33.6 (92.5) |
35.1 (95.2) |
33.4 (92.1) |
26.6 (79.9) |
18.1 (64.6) |
7.1 (44.8) |
−0.5 (31.1) |
17.6 (63.7) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −6.8 (19.8) |
−4.5 (23.9) |
4.0 (39.2) |
14.0 (57.2) |
21.1 (70.0) |
26.7 (80.1) |
28.3 (82.9) |
26.2 (79.2) |
19.0 (66.2) |
10.6 (51.1) |
1.7 (35.1) |
−4.9 (23.2) |
11.3 (52.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −10.6 (12.9) |
−9.1 (15.6) |
−1.4 (29.5) |
7.3 (45.1) |
13.8 (56.8) |
19.2 (66.6) |
21.0 (69.8) |
18.9 (66.0) |
11.7 (53.1) |
4.2 (39.6) |
−2.8 (27.0) |
−8.5 (16.7) |
5.3 (41.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −33.0 (−27.4) |
−36.1 (−33.0) |
−26.0 (−14.8) |
−12.2 (10.0) |
−0.8 (30.6) |
7.2 (45.0) |
7.8 (46.0) |
6.0 (42.8) |
−1.0 (30.2) |
−12.6 (9.3) |
−25.1 (−13.2) |
−31.0 (−23.8) |
−36.1 (−33.0) |
| Averageprecipitationmm (inches) | 18 (0.7) |
14 (0.6) |
15 (0.6) |
20 (0.8) |
19 (0.7) |
8 (0.3) |
5 (0.2) |
3 (0.1) |
3 (0.1) |
9 (0.4) |
16 (0.6) |
16 (0.6) |
146 (5.7) |
| Average rainy days | 4 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 53 |
| Average snowy days | 12 | 9 | 4 | 0.2 | 0.03 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.4 | 3 | 9 | 38 |
| Averagerelative humidity(%) | 78 | 74 | 65 | 49 | 41 | 35 | 34 | 34 | 40 | 52 | 70 | 77 | 54 |
| Source: Pogoda.ru.net[6] | |||||||||||||
Agriculture
editKyzylorda is known for its rice production. Many hundreds of hectares are devoted to rice production. Two rice mills operate in the city.[8]
Education
editKyzylorda State University(KSU) afterKorkyt ata[9]is the leading center of education, a science and culture center in theAralregion of the RepublicKazakhstan.Established in 1950, the university trains highly skilled specialists in 54 specialties at 11 faculties.
Transportation
edit
Kyzylorda has oneairport.It has developed as the supply center of the important oilfields in the nearbyTurgay Basin.
Tourism
editPoints of interest for tourists in the Kyzylorda region include the vanishedAral Seaand theBaikonur cosmodrome,archaeological excavations inSauranandShyganak,the memorial complex of Korkyt Ata, and several ancient mausoleums.[10]
Notable people
edit- Asim Thahit Abdullah Al Khalaqi(1968–2015), Yemeni formerly held inGuantanamo,given asylum by Kazakhstan in 2015
- Vladimir Hotineanu(1950–2019), former Health Minister of Moldova
- Eliezer Kulas(born 1944), Israeli politician
- Oleg Tozoni(1927–2012), engineer and inventor
- Marina Volnova(born 1989), Olympic boxer
- Ilya Ilyin(born 1988), Olympic weightlifter
- Batyrkhan Shukenov(1962–2015), Soviet, Kazakh-Russian singer
- Mihhail Kõlvart(born 1977), mayor ofTallinn
Twin towns – sister cities
edit
References
editNotes
edit- ^"Нового акима назначили в Кызылорде"(in Russian). inform.kz. August 28, 2024.
- ^"Демографиялық статистика"(in Kazakh). Archived fromthe originalon May 27, 2020.RetrievedOctober 26,2020.
- ^Valikhanof et al, The Russians in Central Asia, 1865, page 315, says "according to Kirgiz accounts, about the year 1817." Kirgiz meant Kazakh at that time.
- ^abcdePospelov, p. 24
- ^"Toilet Trouble in Kazakhstan".April 6, 2018.
- ^ab"Weather and Climate - Kyzylorda"(in Russian). Weather and Climate (Погода и климат). Archived fromthe originalon November 25, 2016.RetrievedJanuary 5,2022.
- ^"38062: Kzyl-Orda (Kazakhstan)".ogimet.com.OGIMET.July 7, 2021.RetrievedJuly 9,2021.
- ^Staff US Rice Producers Association
- ^korkyt.kz
- ^"Kyzylorda travel guide | Caravanistan".Caravanistan.RetrievedJune 22,2018.
- ^"Есть ли побратимы у Актау и других городов Казахстана".tumba.kz(in Russian). Tumba. May 4, 2019.RetrievedNovember 30,2020.
- ^"Kardeş Şehirler".bolu.bel.tr(in Turkish). Bolu.RetrievedNovember 30,2020.
Sources
edit- Е. М. Поспелов (Ye. M. Pospelov). "Имена городов: вчера и сегодня (1917–1992). Топонимический словарь." (City Names: Yesterday and Today (1917–1992). Toponymic Dictionary. "Москва," Русские словари ", 1993.
External links
edit