Wikipedia

Lemonade

This is thelatest accepted revision,reviewedon29 November 2024.

For other uses, seeLemonade (disambiguation).

Lemonadeis a sweetenedlemon-flavoreddrink.

Glass of cloudy homemade lemonade, typical in North America, France and South Asia
Carbonated lemonade (R. White'slemonade soft drinkpictured), typical in the UK, Ireland and Oceania

There are varieties of lemonade found throughout the world.[1]In North America and South Asia, lemonade is typically non-carbonated and non-clarified (called "cloudy lemonade" in British English, or lemon squash in Australian English). It is traditionally a homemade drink using lemon juice, water, and a sweetener such ascane sugar,simple syrup,maple syruporhoney.[2]In the United Kingdom, Ireland, Central Europe, South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand, acarbonatedlemonadesoft drinkis more common. Despite the differences between the drinks, each is known simply as "lemonade" in countries where it is dominant.

The suffix"-ade"may also be applied to other similar drinks made with different fruits, such aslimeade,orangeade,orcherryade.[3]

History

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A drink made with lemons,dates,and honey was consumed inMamlukEgypt,including a lemon juice drink with sugar, known asqatarmizat.[4]In 1676, a company known asCompagnie de Limonadierssold lemonade inParis.[5]Vendors carried tanks of lemonade on their backs and dispensed cups of the soft drink to Parisians.[6]

Whilecarbonated waterwas invented byJoseph Priestleyin 1767 (with his pamphletDirections for Impregnating Water with Fixed Airpublished in London in 1772),[7]the first reference found to carbonated lemonade was in 1833 when the drink was sold in British refreshment stalls.[8]R. White's Lemonadehas been sold in the UK since 1845.[9]

Varieties

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Cloudy lemonade

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The predominant form of lemonade found in the US, Canada, and India, cloudy lemonade, also known as traditional or old fashioned lemonade in the UK and Australia, is non-carbonated and made with fresh lemon juice; however, commercially produced varieties are also available. Generally served cold, cloudy lemonade may also be served hot as a remedy for congestion and sore throats,[10]frozen, or used as amixer.

Children operating alemonade standinLa Cañada Flintridge, California,1960

Traditionally, children in US and Canadian neighborhoods startlemonade standsto make money duringsummer.The concept has become iconic of youthful summertime Americana to the degree that parodies and variations exist across media. References can be found in comics and cartoons such asPeanuts,and the 1979 computer gameLemonade Stand.[11]

Pink lemonade

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"Pink lemonade" redirects here. For other uses, seePink Lemonade (disambiguation).

A popular variation of traditional lemonade, pink lemonade, is created by adding additional fruit juices, flavors, orfood coloringto the recipe. Most store-bought pink lemonade is simply colored with concentrated grape juice or dyes.[12]Among those using natural colors, grape is the most popular, butcranberry juice,beet juiceor syrup made from brightly colored fruits and vegetables such asrhubarb,raspberries,strawberries,orcherriesare also used.[13]

The origin stories generally associate pink lemonade's invention withtraveling circusesin the US.[13]A 1912obituarycredited the invention of pink lemonade to circus worker Henry E. "Sanchez" Allott, saying he had dropped in redcinnamoncandies by mistake.[14]Another origin story credits another circus worker, Pete Conklin, in 1857. His brother,lion tamerGeorge Conklin, tells the story in his 1921 memoir,The Ways of the Circus.[13]According to the story, Conklin's lemonade was a mixture of water, sugar andtartaric acid,with the tub garnished with a single lemon that he repeatedly used for the season. One day, he ran out of water. Searching desperately, he found a tub of water abareback riderhad recently used to rinse her pink tights. Adding in the sugar, acid and remaining bits of lemon, he offered the resulting mixture as "strawberry lemonade" and saw his sales double.[12][15]

Real lemons were too expensive for the circus, so artificial substitutes were widely used.[13]In the past, tartaric acid was commonly used to produce the typical tart flavor.[13]In the modern era, commercially produced lemonade and powdered mixes tend to rely oncitric acid.[13]

Though not the term's primary meaning, "pink lemonade" can also describe[16][17][18][19][20]"Indianlemonade ", or lemonade made by soaking driedsumacberries, especially berries of species likeRhus typhina( "staghorn sumac" ),[21]Rhus aromatica( "fragrant sumac", "lemon sumac" ),[22]Rhus glabra( "smooth sumac", "scarlet sumac" ),[23][24]orRhus integrifolia( "lemonade sumac", "lemonade berry" );[25]Indian lemonade has a similar pinkish color.

Clear lemonade

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British Formula One motor racing driverJackie Stewartdrinking carbonated lemonade in 1969

The predominant form of lemonade in the UK, Ireland, France, Germany, Switzerland, South Africa and Australia is a clear, lemon-flavoured carbonated beverage.Schweppes,Kirks,R. White's LemonadeandC&Care common brands, and shops usually carry a store-branded lemonade as well.[9]Schweppes uses a blend of lemon and lime oils.[26]Otherfizzy drinks,soft-drinks(or pop) which are both lemon and lime flavoured may also sometimes be referred to as lemonade, such asSpriteand7 Up.There are also speciality flavours, such asFentimansRose Lemonade, which is sold in the UK, the US, and Canada.Shandy,a mixture of beer and clear lemonade, is often sold pre-bottled, or ordered in pubs.[27]

Brown lemonade

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There are various drinks called brown lemonade. InNorthern Ireland,brown lemonade is flavoured withbrown sugar.[28]A variant fromVenezuelahascane sugarand lime.[29]

Other varieties

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InIndiaandPakistan,where it is commonly known asnimbu paani,and inBangladesh,lemonades may also contain salt orgingerjuice calledlebur shorbot.[30]Shikanjviis a traditional lemonade from this region, and can also be flavored withsaffron,cuminand other spices.[31][32][33]

Limonana,a type of lemonade made from freshly squeezedlemon juiceandmintleaves, is a common summer drink in theMiddle East.[34]InNorthern Africa,a drink calledcherbatis made of lemon, mint, androse water.[citation needed]

Switchais a version of the drink made in theBahamasandTurks & Caicosthat can also be made with limes instead of lemons.[citation needed]

Citron pressé

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The French soft drink citron pressé, being diluted with water

In France, it is common for bars or restaurants to offer citron pressé, also called citronnade, an unmixed version of lemonade in which the customer is given lemon juice, syrup and water separately to be mixed in their preferred proportions.[35]

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See also

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References

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  1. ^"Lemonade".dictionary.cambridge.org.Archivedfrom the original on October 25, 2018.RetrievedOctober 25,2018.
  2. ^"History of Lemonade".Buzzle.Archived from the original on October 9, 2015.RetrievedDecember 26,2015.{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  3. ^Smith, Andrew F. (October 28, 2013).Food and Drink in American History: A "Full Course" Encyclopedia.ABC-CLIO.ISBN978-1-61069-233-5.Archivedfrom the original on May 8, 2016.RetrievedDecember 27,2015.
  4. ^"History of lemonade".Clifford A. Wright. March 12, 2012. Archived fromthe originalon March 12, 2012.RetrievedDecember 26,2015.
  5. ^"The Victoria Advocate – Google News Archive Search".news.google.com.Archivedfrom the original on January 23, 2016.RetrievedDecember 26,2015.
  6. ^"Soft Drink".Encyclopædia Britannica.Archivedfrom the original on May 5, 2015.RetrievedApril 20,2022.
  7. ^Priestley, Joseph.Directions for impregnating water with fixed air; in order to communicate to it the peculiar spirit and virtues of Pyrmont water, and other mineral waters of a similar nature.London: Printed for J. Johnson, 1772.
  8. ^Emmins, Colin (1991).Soft drinks – Their origins and history(PDF).Great Britain: Shire Publications Ltd. p. 8 and 11.ISBN0-7478-0125-8.Archived(PDF)from the original on March 4, 2016.RetrievedDecember 27,2015.
  9. ^ab"Chester homeless charity teams up with lemonade brand".Chester Chronicle. October 8, 2017.Archivedfrom the original on October 8, 2017.RetrievedOctober 8,2017.
  10. ^"Is Lemonade Good for Sick People to Drink While They Have the Flu?".LIVESTRONG.COM.Archivedfrom the original on December 27, 2015.RetrievedDecember 26,2015.
  11. ^Apple Computer (1979),Lemonade Stand (1979) (Apple),retrievedMay 3,2020
  12. ^ab"The Unusual Origins of Pink Lemonade | History | Smithsonian".Smithsonianmag.com. August 16, 2016.Archivedfrom the original on October 7, 2019.RetrievedOctober 13,2019.
  13. ^abcdefKim, Eric (June 26, 2024)."This Is the Drink of the Summer Every Summer".The New York Times.ISSN0362-4331.RetrievedJuly 1,2024.
  14. ^"Inventor of pink lemonade dead"(PDF).The New York Times.September 18, 1912. p. 11.Archived(PDF)from the original on January 9, 2021.RetrievedSeptember 21,2007.
  15. ^Nickell, Joe.Secrets of the Sideshows,978-0813123585, University Press of Kentucky, 2005. pp. 31–32.
  16. ^Wiles, Briana (2016).Mountain States Foraging: 115 Wild and Flavorful Edibles from Alpine Sorrel to Wild Hops.Timber Press. p. 232.ISBN978-1-60469-678-3.Spired clusters of red berries are fun for the kids to pick apart and make pink lemonade [with], especially in our not-so-tropical region.
  17. ^Brill, "Wildman" Steve (2017).Foraging New York: Finding, Identifying, and Preparing Edible Wild Foods.Globe Pequot. pp. 216–217.ISBN978-1-4930-2428-5.Strain out the fruit with a fine sieve or cheesecloth-lined colander, sweeten to taste, and enjoy the best pink lemonade you've ever tasted.
  18. ^Gilbert, Rebecca (2022).Weedy Wisdom for the Curious Forager: Common Wild Plants to Nourish Your Body & Soul.Llewellyn Publications.ISBN978-0-7387-7207-3.Use a handful or more of sumac berries, fresh or dried, per gallon of water, or to taste. The resulting sour, pink liquid may be used to make sumac 'pink lemonade.'
  19. ^Feghali, Layla K. (2024).The Land in Our Bones: Plantcestral Herbalism and Healing Cultures from Syria to the Sinai—Earth-based Pathways to Ancestral Stewardship and Belonging in Diaspora.North Atlantic Books. pp. 100–111.ISBN978-1-62317-914-4.Sumac berries infused in water with sweetener added make a wonderful pink lemonade, a recipe I learned from Indigenous communities in my diasporic California home, whose colloquial name for their native sumac tree is 'lemonade berry'.
  20. ^Stewart, Hilary (2009).Drink in the Wild: Teas, Cordials, Jams and More.Douglas and McIntyre. p. 115.ISBN978-1-55054-894-5.Another method is to crush the seed cones in cold water and allow [them] to sit for several hours, preferrably overnight, then strain and add sugar. This gives a pink lemonade that is ideal for small children to make, since boiling water is not involved.
  21. ^Core, Earl L. (1967). "Ethnobotany of the southern Appalachian aborigines".Economic Botany.21(3): 198–214.Bibcode:1967EcBot..21..199C.doi:10.1007/BF02860370.JSTOR4252878.
  22. ^Nesom, Guy (September 20, 2000). "Fragrant Sumac, Rhus aromatica Ait., plant symbol = RHAR4".USDA NRCS Plant Guide(PDF)(Report). Vol. 44. USDA. pp. 60–80.
  23. ^Craig, Robert M.; Stone, Reba M. (1977)."Trees and shrubs for environmental education".Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society.Vol. 90.
  24. ^Linsenmeyer, Helen Walker; Kraig, Bruce (2011).Cooking Plain, Illinois Country Style.SIU Press.ISBN978-0-8093-3073-7.
  25. ^Clarke, Charlotte Bringle (2023).Edible and useful plants of California.Vol. 41. University of California Press.ISBN978-0-520-03267-5.
  26. ^"Product description".Archivedfrom the original on February 9, 2019.RetrievedFebruary 8,2019.
  27. ^"shandy | Origin and meaning of shandy by Online Etymology Dictionary".www.etymonline.com.Archivedfrom the original on November 8, 2021.RetrievedNovember 8,2021.
  28. ^"Brown Lemonade".CooksInfo.Archivedfrom the original on February 5, 2020.RetrievedMarch 18,2020.
  29. ^Locklin, Kristy (October 18, 2020)."Cilantro & Ajo brings Venezuelan street food to Pittsburgh's South Side".Next Pittsburgh.Archivedfrom the original on February 5, 2020.RetrievedFebruary 5,2020.
  30. ^"Summer cooler: Try this refreshing lemonade with a twist".The Indian Express.May 19, 2021.Archivedfrom the original on September 28, 2023.RetrievedSeptember 17,2023.
  31. ^Jiggs Kalra, Pushpesh Pant,Classic cooking of PunjabArchivedMay 21, 2016, at theWayback Machine,Allied Publishers, 2004,ISBN978-81-7764-566-8
  32. ^Julie Sahni,Indian regional classics: fast, fresh, and healthy home cookingArchivedApril 25, 2016, at theWayback Machine,Ten Speed Press, 2001,ISBN1-58008-345-5,9781580083454, "... Ginger Limeade (Shikanji)..."
  33. ^Mint lemonade / pudina shikanji / pudina nimbu paani / masala lemonadeArchivedJune 19, 2018, at theWayback Machine.Indian Recipe Secrets. June 16, 2018. Retrieved August 29, 2018.
  34. ^"Limonana: Not your average lemonade".Zomppa. August 29, 2011. Archived fromthe originalon March 26, 2019.RetrievedMay 28,2012.
  35. ^Rough Guides Snapshot (April 12, 2012).Poitou-Charentes and the Atlantic Coast Rough Guides Snapshot France (includes Poitiers, La Rochelle, Île de Ré, Cognac, Bordeaux and the wineries).Rough Guides Limited. p. 96.ISBN978-1-4093-6293-7.Archivedfrom the original on March 23, 2017.RetrievedNovember 3,2016.
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